Classification of feed grade sources of trace minerals Stéphane Durosoy Animine Frankfurt 29 Sept. 2017
Classification of goods Product identity and nomenclature Trade facilitation Market segmentation Regulatory vs non-regulatory
Harmonized System (HS)
Nice classification
Classification of feed materials/ingredients/additives Persons placing a feed material on the market for the first time must ensure it is placed on the Register.
Classification of feed materials/ingredients/additives Definition of feed additives and feed materials under re-evaluation by the EU Commission
Classification of feed additives : categories Technological Sensory Nutritional Zootechnical
Classification of feed additives : functional groups Technological Sensory Nutritional Vitamins, provitamins and chemically well-defined substances having similar effect Compounds of trace elements Amino acids, their salts and analogues Urea and its derivatives Zootechnical
Classification of products can be debated : some examples Material vs additive Lecithin Yeast based purified compounds Plant extracts Multiple additives registrations : Canthaxanthin (Substance which add colours to food of animal origin + Zootechnical additive) Potassium diformate (Preservative + Zootechnical additive) Formic acid (Silage additive + Hygiene condition enhancer + Flavouring compound) Benzoic acid (Flavouring compound + Zootechnical additive + Part of zootechnical preparation) Bentonite (Binder + Anticaking agent + Substance for control of radionuclide contamination + Substance for reduction of the contamination of feed by mycotoxins)
Compounds of trace elements Iron Iodine Cobalt Copper Manganese Molybdenum Selenium Zinc Non authorised : chromium, silver
Zinc compounds Zinc acetate dihydrate Zinc chloride anhydrous Zinc oxide Zinc sulphate, heptahydrate Zinc sulphate, monohydrate Zinc chelate of amino acids hydrate Zinc chelate of glycine, hydrate Zinc chloride hydroxide monohydrate Zinc chelate of hydroxy analogue of methionine Zinc chelate of methionine Zinc chelate of protein hydrolysates Zinc bislysinate
Zootechnical status vs other status Zootechnical additives : holder specific approval Nutritional additives : non holder specific approval Selenium enriched yeast strains Copper (I) oxide (Regulation 2016/2261) Preparation of copper(i) oxide with a minimum copper content of 73 % sodium lignosulfonates between 12 % and 17 % 1 % Bentonite Granulated form with particles < 50 μm: below 10 %
Why is classification of products strategic? Regulatory status Registration procedure (time x proofs of efficacy) Technical efficacy Dose response Market recognition Product claims Declaration Symbolic terminology (phytogenics/botanicals/bioactives; probiotics/dfms; eubiotics )
Non regulatory classification of some feed additives Vitamins Water vs non water soluble vitamins Coated vs non coated vitamins Acids : Free forms vs Salts SCFA vs MCFA Botanicals : Pure essential oils vs formulated compounds Natural vs nature-identical molecules Trace elements : Organic vs inorganic sources
Organic forms of trace elements Two totally different groups of compounds Cations vs anions Organic : Chemistry vs market Misleading terminology : The term «organic» is regulated in the feed/food chain Chelated forms of trace minerals are not authorised in organic feeds in the EU «Chelate» but not «organic» term should be used for feed grade metallic trace elements
American history Association of American Feed Control Officials (not a regulatory authority) Metal Proteinate Adopted 1970 Metal Polysaccharide Complex Adopted 1973 Metal Amino Acid Chelate Adopted 1988 Metal Amino Acid Complex Adopted 1990 Metal (specific amino acid) Complex Adopted 1992 Definition proposed by petitioners Behind each definition is a manufacturer Classification of organic sources exported to other continents Japan : «peptides» Brasil : «carbo-amino-phospho chelates»
Separation organic vs inorganic creates misleading perception Organic forms of metals include very heterogeneous compounds Impossible to draw general conclusions Bioavailability of chelated Zn/Cu/Mn sources concluded not to be superior to sulphates (EFSA Journal references) Zinc 2008; 694, 1-16 / 2009; 1042, 1-8 / 2009; 7(11):1381 / 2012;10(3):2621 / 2013;11(1):3038 2013;11(10):3369 / 2015;13(4):4058 / 2015;13(11):4267 / 2017;15(6):4859 Copper 2008; 693, 1-19 / 2009;7(11):1382 / 2013;11(2):3107 / 2014;12(7):3796 / 2015;13(4):4057 Manganese 2008; 692, 1-17 / 2009; 7(9):1316 / 2010; 8(1):1424 / 2013;11(8):3324 / 2016;14(2):4395
Separation organic vs inorganic creates misleading perception RBV Zn, % Bone RBV Zn, % Plasma ZnO H 105 a 126 a ZnSO 4 100 b 100 a ZnO 1 66 c 84 b ZnO 2 92 b 83 b p<0,05 Narcy, INRA, 2015
Suggested classifications of metallic trace elements Relative Biological Values No harmonised methodology Solubility values Water vs media (digestive fluids, rumen) Oxidation state Monovalent vs divalent vs trivalent Particle size Elementary vs secondary Nano vs bulk CAS number CAS vs non CAS (Bound minerals to : amino acid(s), clay)
Danke!