Duration Goal Learner Outcomes Standards and Benchmarks Materials Needed Activity Overview Module 3: Mōhala Lessons in Puberty and Anatomy 60 minutes To understand the body, specifically the reproductive and other sexual anatomy parts and their functions, in order to make pono/healthy choices. Students will: 1. Correctly identify the parts and functions of the male and female reproductive systems. 2. Be aware of the changes in their body due to puberty. 3. Realize that different is normal when it comes to our bodies and how they look. HE.6-8.1.1, HE.6-8.1.8, HE.6-8.1.9, HE.6-8.3.2, HE.6-8.4.1 1. Pono Choices Poster 2. Group Agreements Poster 3. The Voyage of the Wa a Kaulua 4. Student Workbooks a. Reflection Squares b. Changes During Puberty Worksheet c. Beach Ball Toss Vocab 5. Video: Different is Normal 6. Puberty and Anatomy Presentation 7. Beach Ball with Sexual and Reproductive Anatomy Terms 8. Ohana Activity Worksheets (Mōhala) A. Introduction (2 minutes) B. Hawaiian Cultural Value: Mōhala (3 minutes) C. The Voyage of the Wa a Kaulua (10 minutes) D. Different Is Normal (5 minutes) E. Puberty Presentation (10 minutes) F. Beach Ball Toss Vocab (10 minutes) G. Anatomy Presentation and Changes During Puberty Worksheet (10 min) H. Conclusion (5 minutes) I. Ohana Activity: Mōhala (5 minutes) 1
Activity A Introduction 2 Minutes Teacher Directions To Be Done Teacher Script Review previous lesson. All students should have their Student Workbook. Ask: Target response: Welcome back to the Pono Choices program. The last time we met, we discussed making goals and how to achieve them. We also discussed the Hawaiian Cultural Value Pono. Turn to your neighbor to review the definition for Pono. You can look in the back of your workbook if you need a reminder of what Pono means. Who remembers what Pono means? (Pono is the right result of your actions) Pono is the right result of your actions, bringing harmony within yourself, your friends, family and community. Give an overview of what the students will be learning in this lesson of the Pono Choices program. After this lesson you will be able to: identify the parts and functions of the male and female reproductive systems, identify changes that happen to males and females during puberty, and recognize that our bodies, including our genitals, have similarities and differences, and that it s okay, because different is normal. END END END 2
Activity B Hawaiian Cultural Value: Mōhala 3 Minutes Teacher Directions To Be Done Teacher Script Introduce the Hawaiian Cultural Value: Mōhala. Have Voyage of the Wa a Kaulua Mōhala slide displayed on the DDS. Read definition from Voyage of the Wa a Kaulua Mōhala slide on DDS: Students will write the Hawaiian Cultural Value (HCV) and definition on a Reflection Square in their Student Workbook. The Hawaiian Cultural Value for this lesson is Mōhala. (MOH-hah-lah) Repeat after me, Mōhala. Mōhala. Mōhala is to mature physically, emotionally and socially. It is the process to mature or to blossom as you enter puberty. In the back of your workbook, write the Hawaiian Cultural Value and definition on a Reflection Square. Great job! In this lesson we are going to be talking about your bodies and the changes that are happening as you go through puberty. Ask: Target response: What is puberty? (puberty is a time of change and growth where your body matures from childhood into adulthood) Puberty, like Mōhala, means to change, grow, or mature. In order to do the right thing for your body, you need to know how your body works. Having accurate information will assist you in making pono choices for your body and your sexual health. END END END 3
Activity C The Voyage of the Wa a Kaulua 10 Minutes Teacher Directions To Be Done Teacher Script Introduce The Voyage of the Wa a Kaulua. Have Voyage of the Wa a Kaulua Mōhala slide displayed on the DDS. Review story from the previous lesson. We are now going to listen to The Voyage of the Wa a Kaulua which is about the journey of the wa a and how it relates to two adolescents on their journey toward their goals and dreams. The last time we met, we heard about a young boy named Ka iwi and a young girl named Pailolo who were observing the wa a kaulua being tested to float and sail. Their kupuna, Hōkūpa a, compared the journey of the wa a kaulua and people, starting from a tiny seed and growing into maturity. Have students turn to the divider page for Module 3. Students can take notes or make drawings that help them remember today s story. Read the slide before starting the story: Direct students attention to the story by having them listen for certain details. Start audio End audio Mōhala: to mature physically, emotionally and socially. Just as koa seeds can mature into a tree, then be selected and shaped into a canoe, so too are you going through changes as you mature into adults. This is a beautiful and sacred process. Turn to page 5 in your workbook. This page has a picture that corresponds to today s Voyage of the Wa a Kaulua, as well as a list of characters. There is room on this page for you to take notes or make drawings that can help you remember what you heard. While you are listening to today s story, I would like you to listen for key information that will help you answer the Review Questions that are also listed on that page. 4
Ask: Target response: Ask: Target response: What were some of the puberty changes you heard Ka iwi and Pailolo discuss? (pimples, hair growth, able to reproduce) How do those puberty changes relate to the changes that occurred to the wa a kaulua, which started as a tiny seed and evolved into a wa a? (it takes time for both to mature, the changes that occur involve a process of stages and transitions) END END END 5
Activity D Different is Normal 5 Minutes Teacher Directions To Be Done Teacher Script Show a short video to introduce puberty. Have Different is Normal video ready. Now we are going to watch a short video which talks about the process of Mōhala, specifically around the changes that occur to the reproductive body parts. Teacher note: The video reinforces that all bodies are different and that those differences are normal. Debrief with these questions: Start video End video Ask: Target response: Ask: Target response: Students say all together: Ask: This is a fun and informative video. If you feel a little embarrassed or uncomfortable, that s okay. This subject is a little unfamiliar to many, but it is something that we will be talking about a lot as this program progresses. We heard some terms in the video that might be new, and we will be talking about those more later on. What was the main message of the video? (people and their bodies are not identical, so being different from others is normal) Does everybody s body look the same? (no) We all have eyes, we all have elbows, we all have genitals, and we all look different. And that s okay because (Different IS Normal!) Does anyone have any questions? END END END 6
Activity E Puberty Presentation 10 Minutes Teacher Directions To Be Done Teacher Script Show the Puberty portion of the Presentation. Have Puberty and Anatomy Presentation ready. We will now go through a presentation that will explain some of the changes that happen during puberty. The Pono Choices program is a pregnancy and STI prevention program. So as we go through this information, I want you to think about how puberty relates to pregnancy and STI prevention. Teacher note: The teacher script shows what to read for each slide. Information on the slide is for students and does not need to be read. Begin the Puberty portion of the Puberty and Anatomy Presentation. Read the teacher script for each slide. Advance Slide Teacher Script What is Puberty? (go to the next slide) 7
Puberty is when your body begins to grow and develop. It is a time of transition from childhood into adulthood where both physical and emotional changes occur. Ask: Can someone explain what a transition is? (Encourage students to respond.) Answer: A transition is an in-between time, when you ve finished the previous thing and are getting ready for the next thing, like going from period 3 to period 4, or math class to science class, or from childhood to adulthood. It is a good thing to know about these changes before they happen. Remember EVERYONE goes through puberty. Ask: Our cultural value of the day is Mōhala. Who can tell me what the meaning of Mōhala is? Answer: Correct, it means to mature physically, emotionally, and socially. This process of maturing in these areas all start during puberty. Ask: At what age do you think puberty will happen? (let students guess without confirming answer, then go to next slide) For Girls, puberty occurs sometime between the ages of 9-16. For Boys, a little bit later, at about age 12-18. Puberty takes place over a number of years. A person doesn t wake up one day and think, gosh, I went through puberty while I slept last night. On average it takes about 2-4 years for a person to go through puberty. Ask: What causes puberty to happen? (accept all answers, then go to the next slide) Let s look at what happens during puberty. For Boys, hormones give the signal to start producing sperm and the hormone testosterone. Testosterone triggers a number of puberty changes, including: The penis and testicles grow larger, The body starts producing sperm and semen, 8
Boys begin to grow taller and gain weight, Muscles increase in size, Sweat glands become more active, The voice deepens and may sound like it cracks or breaks, Growth of body hair increases, and Skin and hair become oilier. Ask: SO,if you have oily skin on your face, what could you develop during puberty? (allow student responses) Answer: Pimples or acne. For Girls, hormones give the signal to start producing estrogen and progesterone. The eggs inside the ovaries begin to mature. The hormones in a girl s body triggers puberty changes for her as well. Some of these changes include: Breasts start to grow bigger, Menstruation begins or females start their period, Increase growth of body hair, Girls start to grow taller and gain weight, Hips broaden or get wider, Sweat glands become more active, and Skin and hair become oilier. Ask: SO, if you have oily skin on your face, what could you develop during puberty? (allow student responses) Answer: Pimples or acne. Both boys and girls can get pimples. Ask: How many years on average does it take to go through puberty? Answer: 2 to 4 years. Exactly! This slide shows boys and girls all at the same age. Ask: What do you notice about them? (Elicit answer from students.) Answer: Different heights, weights, different levels of development. Just like the video, we see evidence that Different Is Normal! 9
We ve gone over some of the physical changes occurring during puberty, but there are emotional changes happening too. Hormones can cause your emotions to change quickly, so you may feel happy one minute and sad the next. You may be determined to act mature, and then a few minutes later find yourself acting silly. It s normal to have all of these feelings. Now, everyone make a face that shows an emotion. (Look around the room.) See! We ALL have emotions! In addition to physical and emotional changes, a person going through puberty experiences some social changes as well. As you grow and mature you are assuming more responsibility, and it s natural for you to become more independent from your parents or the adults in your life. Making your own choices, and taking on more responsibility can be exciting and scary. During this time you might find that friends are more important than they were before. You may become more aware of what your friends think, It may be more important to be liked by your peers, and You may want to feel that you fit in more. You also might start having romantic feelings for others. Learning how to express these feelings in a healthy and responsible way is an important aspect of being able to make Pono Choices. Knowing who you can trust and talk to about all of the feelings and emotions you are experiencing is also important. END END 10
Activity F Beach Ball Toss Vocab 10 Minutes Teacher Directions To Be Done Teacher Script Provide instruction on how to play the Beach Ball Toss Vocab activity. Encourage students to become comfortable using medically accurate sexual and reproductive anatomy terms. Toss the beach ball to a student. Have the student read the term and guess whether it is a male or female anatomy part. Have a prepared beach ball with the 14 sexual and reproductive anatomy terms written on it. Before we proceed with the anatomy lesson, we need to agree upon some words we can use to discuss our sexual and reproductive parts. Sometimes we use slang words for these parts. In this class, however, we will be using medically accurate terms. Some of these might be a little embarrassing to say, but we want to make sure to use words that everyone can understand. Now we are going to do an activity that will help you become more familiar and comfortable saying reproductive and other sexual anatomy terms. This beach ball has sexual and reproductive anatomy terms written on it. I will toss you the beach ball, and the term that is closest to your right thumb you will read out loud, and then guess whether that term is a male anatomy part, a female anatomy part, or both. Turn to page 6 in your workbook, titled Beach Ball Toss Vocab. Here are all the terms we are going to cover. As we toss the beach ball, we will determine if the part is male, female, or both. Please circle M for male, F for female, or circle both, on your worksheet. If your right thumb lands on a term that we have already identified, read the next closest term that we have not yet identified. 11
Confirm or correct student s response, then read the definition of that term and show where the part is located on the diagram on slide 11 of the Puberty and Anatomy Presentation. Continue to toss the beach ball until all of the terms are covered. Using the definitions of the terms below, read the definition and point to where the part is located on the diagram on slide 11 of the presentation. 1. anus - \ ā-nus\ - The opening of the rectum from which solid waste, feces or poop leaves the body. (both) 2. cervix - \ sur-viks\ - The small, lower part of the uterus with a narrow opening that connects the uterus to the vagina. (female) 12
3. clitoris - \klit-er-is, kli-tawr-is\ - The clitoris is made of spongy tissue that swells with blood during sexual excitement. The only purpose is for sexual pleasure. (female) 4. fallopian tubes - \fa-low-pee-un toobz\ - Narrow tubes that extend from the uterus to the ovaries. This is where egg and sperm are most likely to meet. (female) 5. genital area - \jen-i-tl ˈā-rē-ə\ - Refers to the male or female external or outside sexual anatomy parts. Male: penis, scrotum and anus. Female: vulva (clitoris, labia, vagina) and anus. (both) 6. labia - \ley-bee-uh\ - The folds of skin that surround the openings to the urethra and vagina. (female) 7. ovary/ovaries - \ oh-vuh-ree, oh-vuh-reehz \ - These 2 organs produce hormones and contain the female reproductive cells, which are called eggs. (female) 8. penis - \pee-nis\ - Male sex organ made of spongy tissue and that is sensitive to touch. (male) 9. scrotum - \skroh-tuh m\ - The sac of skin underneath the penis that holds the testicles (testes). (male) 13
10. testicle/testes - \tes-ti-kuh-lz\ - These two organs produce hormones and sperm. (male) 11. urethra - \yoo-ree-thruh\ - The opening through which urine leaves the body. (both) 12. uterus - \ yoo-ter-uh-s \ - A pear-shaped, muscular organ from which women menstruate and normal pregnancy develops. (female) 13. vagina - \vuh-jahy-nuh\ - A muscular tube, 4-6 inches in length. This is where menstrual flow leaves the body, the penis enters during vaginal sex, and babies exit. (female) Teacher note: Diagrams show both the vagina (internal) and the vaginal opening (external) 14. vulva - \vuhl-vuh \ - The external or outside part of the female genitals. Includes the labia, clitoris, vagina, and opening to the urethra. (female) Great Job! Later we will be talking about pregnancy, birth control and STIs. Knowing your anatomy and the anatomy of the other gender will aid you in preventing an unintended pregnancy and from getting an STI, allowing you to make pono choices about your body and sexual health. END END END 14
Activity G Anatomy Presentation and Changes During Puberty Worksheet 10 Minutes Teacher Directions To Be Done Teacher Script The presentation will reinforce the information they just learned and connect the words to their functions. Continue Puberty and Anatomy Presentation starting with the Anatomy slide. Understanding male and female anatomy will give a better understanding of how STIs/HIV can be transmitted. Advance Slide Teacher Script In this next section of the presentation we will be hearing many of the terms that you just learned and defined. Let s review the definition of sex. For this program, when we say sex, we are talking about vaginal, anal or oral sex. Vaginal Sex is when the penis enters the vagina. Anal Sex is when the penis enters the anus. Oral Sex is when one person s mouth is on another person s genital area, which includes the penis, scrotum, vulva, vagina, labia, clitoris, and anus. Through our Beach Ball Toss activity we learned some of the male and female sexual anatomy. We know that once a person goes through puberty they are able to reproduce. Let s take a closer look at what it means when we say reproduce. Ask: What are the MALE reproductive cells called? (accept answers until someone says: sperm, then go to the next slide) 15
Sperm are the male reproductive cells. (If someone guesses semen state that they are close and that we ll talk about the difference in a minute). Ask: Where are sperm produced? (from Beach Ball Toss activity they should know that sperm are produced in the testicles) Answer: That s right. Testicles or testes. Now, let s look at sperm and semen and find out how sperm get from the testicles, where sperm are produced, to outside of the body. Teacher note: Semen is comprised of sperm and fluids made by the male reproductive glands, which include the prostate gland, the Cowper's gland and the seminal vesicles. When a guy becomes sexually excited, the penis becomes erect, which means blood quickly travels to the penis spongy tissue, making it hard or erect. (As you read the following script, point to the picture to show the path sperm will travel.) As the guy s sexual excitement builds, sperm leave the testes, or more precisely, the epididymis where they are stored. then, they travel through the vas deferens, and past the seminal vesicles and prostate gland where fluids are released and then mix with the sperm to create semen. Ejaculation occurs when semen, which is sperm + fluids, is released from the penis. A typical ejaculation is about a teaspoon size of fluid. In that teaspoon of semen there are about 300 million to 500 million sperm! Ask: What is semen? Answer: Sperm plus fluids. If ejaculation occurs while a male is sleeping this is known as a wet dream. He may or may not wake up when this happens. During puberty this may or may not happen. Either way, it is normal! 16
(While pointing at the picture, say): Here you can see a sperm fertilizing a female reproductive cell. Ask: What is a female reproductive cell called? Answer: It is called an egg. Unlike a male who is constantly producing sperm, starting from the time of puberty, and continuing until the day he dies, a female is born with all the eggs she will ever have. Eggs are stored in the ovaries. As a female grows and matures, the eggs start to mature. Starting in puberty, the ovaries will release one egg each month. This is called ovulation. If an egg does not get fertilized by sperm, the egg will be discarded from a woman s body during her period, or during menstruation. Let s talk about the menstrual cycle a little bit more. Here is the monthly cycle in a picture format. Remember that it is a cycle. During puberty, a female will begin her period or menstrual cycle, and this cycle will continue until she is between the ages of 45-55. At this point in the cycle we see an egg in the ovary, and the lining of the uterus is very thin. Teacher note: On the DDS you can click on the slide to show a larger view of the egg preparing to leave the ovary. Now we see that the egg has left the ovary. This is called ovulation. The egg is now in the fallopian tube. Ask: What is the egg waiting for? Answer: Sperm/fertilization Notice that the lining of the uterus has become thicker. Teacher note: On the diagram, the lining of the uterus is shown as the darker pink/red area within the uterus. 17
Here, no sperm fertilized the egg, so the egg disintegrated. Ask: What is happening to the lining of the uterus? Answer: The girl is getting her period, which is where the unfertilized egg and the lining of the uterus leaves the body. Because this is a cycle that happens each month, now the ovary on the other side will get ready to release a mature egg. But wait! Ask: What if a sperm did fertilize the egg? Would the female have her period? Answer: No, the fertilized egg would implant in the lining of the uterus and the lining would now become the nutrients for the fertilized egg. We just talked about the menstrual cycle. Other than menstrual fluid, it is also normal for females to have vaginal discharge. The vagina is a self-cleaning organ. It produces a small amount of fluid, known as discharge, to clean out the vagina and keep it free from infections. Vaginal discharge is normal it means the vagina is healthy! Normal discharge can be thin to slightly sticky to thick in consistency, and is clear to milky white in color. Now that we ve talked about egg, sperm, and the menstrual cycle, let s talk about how pregnancy happens. The body gains the ability to reproduce during puberty. Pregnancy can occur if sperm are in or near the opening of the vagina. This typically occurs during vaginal sex, which is when the penis enters the vagina. Sperm will travel towards the ovaries, with the intention of fertilizing an egg. Now, we have covered the reproductive process. Are there any questions? 18
Puberty happens to everyone, but it can be tough. If things get difficult or confusing, find someone to talk to - an older brother or sister, a teacher, your mom and dad, someone in your ohana or another trusted adult. Chances are, they ve felt the same way and might have some great advice. Other things you may want to learn about at this time in your life might include: Nutrition - keeping your body healthy, Hygiene - cleanliness of your body, Body image - loving the way you look, and Self-esteem - being proud of who you are. Now, turn to the Changes During Puberty Worksheet on page 7 in your workbook. Working with your neighbor, go through and decide if each puberty change listed happens to males, happens to females, or happens to both, based on the information we just covered. As stated in Different Is Normal, not all changes will look the same for everyone or happen at the same time. Give students several minutes to go through worksheet. Then proceed to the next two slides to review answers. Now, let s go through your worksheet. Ask: What did you choose for Voice get deeper? Answer: Happens to Males (after students answer continue to review each item) 19
Teacher note: You can read through each item, or students can go through round robin style, while you provide clarification, if necessary. Conclude the activity. Excellent. As you can see there are a lot of changes occurring during puberty for both males and females! END END END 20
Activity H Conclusion 5 Minutes Teacher Directions To Be Done Teacher Script Conclude this lesson and recap what the students learned. In this lesson you: learned about the changes that happen to males and females during puberty, learned sexual anatomy terms and functions, and were introduced to the concept that different is normal, when it comes to our bodies and how they look. Mōhala is a beautiful process, and your body is changing, just like how a koa seed matures into a koa tree and may eventually become a wa a. END END END Activity I Ohana Activity: Mōhala 5 Minutes Teacher Directions To Be Done Teacher Script Give an overview of the Ohana Activity. Determine date Ohana Activity is due. Teacher note: You will review this activity in Module 4. Distribute Module 3 Ohana Activity Worksheet. Show Ohana Activity Worksheet and sample wa a from the DDS when describing the assignment. We have discussed how different is normal, and tonight you are going to have the opportunity to be creative and make your own wa a. You can use any kind of materials to create your representation of a wa a. The hull is the body of the canoe. The directions tell you about the other parts of a canoe. In addition to working with your ohana to build this canoe, you will also be talking with your ohana about the questions listed on this worksheet. Let me show you a couple of examples (show examples). This Ohana Activity is due:. Write the homework assignment in your planner. Remember we will be discussing what you talked about with your ohana, so be sure to write down their responses to the questions. END END END 21