INDEX absorptive hypercalciuria, 16, 45, 51 acetaminophen, 41 acetohydroxamic acid, 191 acidosis, 77 acid urine, 18 ascorbic acid, 57, 76 bowel disease and, 62 dieting and, 73 low-carbohydrate diets, 74 See also ph, urinary age RTA and, 69 uric acid and, 24 voiding problems and, 68 women under thirty, 87 88 See also children alcohol dehydration from, 58 prostatitis and, 82 special occasion precautions, 163 See also special occasion menus alkaline phosphatase, 96 alkaline potassium salts, 187 188 alkaline sodium salts, 188 allergies, anesthesia and, 221 allopurinol, 189 190 altitude, 85 aluminum hydroxide, 192 American cuisine, 173 175 amiloride, 190 amino acids, 150 ammonium acid urate (AAU), 77 78, 95 analgesics, 77, 85 anatomy abnormalities of, 66 68, 91, 212 horseshoe kidneys, 212 of urinary system, 9 13 See also medical conditions, as predisposing factors; medical procedures; individual names of body parts anesthesia, 221. See also medical procedures animal protein, 18 consumed by men, 79 in ethnic cuisine, 166 intake quantity of, 47, 48 49, 59 stone-forming profile example, 121 122 uric acid and, 23, 24 anion, 30 31 antacids, 21, 65, 128 129 antibiotics, 191 anticonvulsive medication, 56 apatite stones hydroxyapatite and carbonate apatite, 21 22, 192 milk-alkali syndrome and, 65 renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and, 21, 27, 69 70, 95 appetizers, guidelines for, 165, 167 169, 170, 172, 173, 175 COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL 251
252 Index ash, 18 at risk categories, for stone recurrence, 101 102 bacteria Proteus, 25 26, 86, 191 stents and, 215 216 balance system, of kidneys, 10, 12 13 control of, 15 18 fluid retention, 14 problems from imbalance, 18 19 balloon dilaters, 206 ball-valve situation, 38 barbecue menus, 158 159 bases, for food supplements, 148 base urine, 18, 61, 62. See also ph, urinary bathroom access, 130 132 beans, 175 beef. See animal protein beets, 54 benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), 80, 81 beta-carotene, 57 beverages, recommendations for, 167, 171, 176 177. See also fluids; water bicarbonate loss, 61, 62, 77 bioavailability, of oxalate, 137 138 bladder anatomy of, 11 12 cystoscopy, 184, 204, 206 207, 217 diverticula, 81 KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder) X-ray film, 94 95 pregnancy and, 87 prostatitis and, 82 stones in, 26 27, 68, 81, 206 207, 217 tunnel, 39 vesicle irritability, 36 blood, 15 analysis of, 96 purpose of kidneys and, 9 10 sugar, 96 in urine, 40 blood pressure, 50 bones bone resorption, 68 69 calcium and, 49 53 bowel disease, 22, 61 63 boys, bladder stones in, 26 27. See also men bread, 173, 176 breakfast buffet menus, 162 163 breath fresheners, 153 bulimia, 76 77 butazolidin, 85 Cafix, 151 calcium, 47, 49 53, 59 absorption, 16 18 blood analysis for, 96 calcium loading test, 51 in drinking water, 44 45 eye disease and, 69 70 fat malabsorption and, 62 food sources of, 227 hyperparathyroidism and, 21, 65, 184 low-carbohydrate diets, 74 oxalate and, 21, 54 55 paralysis/immobilization and, 25, 68 69 pregnancy and, 86 88 rating consumption of, 114 115 recommended daily dietary allowances of, 227 serving sizes of foods, 228 sodium and, 16, 53 in soups, 143 144
Index 253 stone-forming profile example, 120 121 urine testing for, 98 calcium citrate, 87, 191 192 calcium loading test, 51 calcium oxalate salts, 20, 22, 31, 95, 138. See also oxalate calcium oxalate stones, 20 22, 54 55 from animal protein, 48 49 bulimia and, 77 composition of, 30 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for, 197 jackstones, 40 low-carbohydrate diets, 74 risk factors of, 32 calculi, defined, 20 calorie-restricted diets, 75 calyceal diverticulum, 66 68, 212 calyces, 11, 212 candy, 153 carbonate, 21 carbonate apatite stones, 21 22, 27, 95 carbonated water, 45 carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, 69 70 cardiac muscle, 35 casseroles, 144 catheterization, 184, 218. See also medical procedures cation, 30 31 cheese, 145 chicken, 48 chickpeas, 175 children bladder stones in, 26 27 cystine stones in, 25 oxalosis in, 22, 70 71, 190 struvite stones in, 26 chills, 39 40, 82 Chinese cuisine, 164 167 chloride, 96 chocolate, 54, 146 cholesterol, 96 chronic diarrhea, 12, 16, 17, 24, 41 42, 61 63 citrate, 32 animal protein and, 49 bowel disease and, 62 bulimia and, 77 calcium citrate, 52 eye disease and, 69 70 low-carbohydrate diets, 74 pregnancy and, 86 87 urine testing for, 98 vitamin C and, 57, 76 citrus juice/peel, 137 climate, dehydration and, 44, 134 135 CO 2,96 coconut milk, 175 colic, of kidneys, 35 38, 41, 85. See also pain colitis, 61 63 colon, 16, 51 composition, of stones, 30 31, 196 197 concentration, of urine, 12 13. See also urine condiments, 174, 176 cone-tipped stents, 204 contact lithotripsy, 205 cookies, 153 creatinine, 16 blood analysis for, 96 urine testing for, 98 Crohn s disease, 61 63, 124 125 crystal formation, 29 detected by urinalysis, 96 97 favorable conditions for, 31 rock candy principle, 29 30
254 Index cutting for the stone, 4, 201 cystine, amino acid, 25 cystine stones, 20 21, 25, 70 composition of, 30 treatment for, 197 cystinuria defined, 25, 70 fluids for, 46 screening for, 98 stone-forming profile exmaple, 127 128 treatment for, 185, 191 cystoscope, 204 cystoscopy, 184, 204, 206 207, 217 daily protein allowance, 230 dehydration, 12 from alcohol, 58 altitude and, 85 bowel disease and, 61 from exercise, 43 hospitalization for, 41 42 from hot weather, 44, 134 135 as risk factor, 91 desserts, 145 146 chocolate, 54, 146 dietary guidelines for, 167, 169, 170, 171, 173, 175, 177 health-food store products, 153 detrussor muscle, 11, 80 diabetes, 96 diagnosis. See medical conditions, as predisposing factors; workup dialysis, 22 diarrhea, 12, 16, 17, 24, 41 42, 61 63 diet, 19, 47 59, 91 alcohol in, 58 animal protein in, 48 49 calcium in, 49 53 incidence of kidney stones and, 5 6 kidney stone formation and, 28 29 malnutrition, 26 27 oxalate sources in, 22, 45, 54 55, 63 portion control, 142 146 preparation for medical procedures and, 215 quantity of food, 47 48 recipe modification, 142 146 risk assessment and, 100 101 sodium in, 53 54 vitamins in, 55 58 water intake and, 43 46 See also individual names of foods dieting, 72 78 digestive system, 15, 62 63. See also diet diverticula, 212 doctors, types of, 183 185 driving, medical procedures and, 220 221 drugs. See medication dye, 94 95, 221 eating disorders, 76 77 eating habits, 24, 133 134 dieting, 72 78 food diaries and, 119 120, 235 239 See also diet; lifestyle eggs, 145 electrohydraulic lithotripsy, 206 electrolytes, 96 emergency treatment, 193 194 endocrinologists, 184 endoscopic treatments, 205 extracting stones during, 206 209
Index 255 scopes, defined, 205 types, 205 206 enemas, 77 78 energy bars, 152 ethnic cuisine, 164 177 American, 173 175 Chinese, 164 167 French, 169 170 Greek, 168 169 Indian, 175 177 Italian, 171 173 Japanese, 170 171 Mexican, 167 168 evaluation. See workup exercise, dehydration from, 43 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), 93, 196, 202, 205, 208 expectations for, 216 217 sandwich technique, 211 212 eye disease, 21, 36, 69 70 fad dieting, 73 75 fad health regimens, 75 76 family history, of stones, 90 family practitioners, 183 famotidine, 65 fast foods, protein in, 231, 232 fat absorption inhibitors, 75 low-carbohydrate, high-fat, high-protein diets, 74 malabsorption, 62 63 oxalate and, 96, 138 female urinary tract, 11 feta cheese, 168 fever, 39 40, 82, 99 100 following medical procedures, 219 hospitalization for, 41 42 filtration, 10 fish, 48 fluids balance and, 10, 12 19 bowel disease and, 61 63 (See also diarrhea) to counterract overindulgence, 179 loss of, 132 rating consumption of, 117 119 restricting, 85 88, 91 retention of, 14 water intake, 43 46 See also water fluoroscopy, 204 food diaries, 235 236 blank pages for, 237 examples, 238, 239 for self-assessment, 119 120 food labels, ingredient lists on, 147, 153 food poisoning, 16 French cuisine, 169 170 fruits calcium in, 227 oxalate in, 224 226 See also individual names of fruits garlic supplements, 148 149 gender. See men; women genetics, 28, 90 ghee, 175 glaucoma, 69 70 glycine, 49 gout, 23 grapefruit juice, 137 grape leaves, 168 Greek cuisine, 168 169 hair regrowth products, 150 hamburgers in ethnic cuisine, 174 reference, protein in, 232
256 Index hard tap water, 44 45 health-food store products, oxalate in, 147 153 heat, dehydration from, 44, 134 135 herbal teas, 149 150 high risk, for stone recurrence, 101 102 hospitalization, 41 42. See also medical procedures hydration. See dehydration hydrocodone, 41 hydroxyapatite stones, 21 22 hyperparathyroidism, 21, 65, 184 hyperuricosuria, 190 ibuprofen, 85 idiopathic uric acid lithiasis, 23 Ileitis and Colitis Foundation, 61 ileostomy, 16, 24, 62, 188 iliac vessels, 38 imaging techniques, 94 95, 204. See also medical procedures immobilization, 25, 68 69 Indian cuisine, 175 177 in-dwelling stents, 204, 214 216 infection, 90 91, 99 100. See also struvite stones infectious disease specialists, 185 inflammatory bowel disease, 61 63 internists, 183 intestines, 15 calcium in, 50 51, 86 fat malabsorption and, 62 iodine, 94 95, 221 Italian cuisine, 171 173 IVP (intravenous pyelogram), 94 95, 221 jackstones, 40 Japanese cuisine, 170 171 juicing, 152 ketosis, 73 kidneys, 11 acute failure of, 6 calyceal diverticula, 212 colic, 35 38, 41, 85 functions of, 10, 12 13, 14 19 horseshoe, 212 KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder) X-ray film, 94 95 medullary sponge kidney (MSK) and, 63 64 papillae damage, 85 poles, 197 198 soreness of, 35, 38 urinary system anatomy, 9 13 See also kidney stones; medical procedures; urine kidney stones, 3 8 ammonium acid urate (AAU), 77 78, 95 analysis of, 27, 95 96 calcium oxalate, 20 22, 30, 32, 40, 48 49, 54 55, 74, 77, 197 composition of, 30 31, 196 197 cystine, 20 21, 25, 30, 70, 197 defined, 5 from dieting, 72 78 formation of, 28 33 incidence of, 5 6, 84 locations of, 37 39, 67 68, 82 83, 195 200 in men, 26 27, 36, 79 83, 81 recurrence risk of, 101 102 retention of, 93, 184 struvite, 20, 21, 25 26, 30, 68, 86, 185, 192 uric acid, 20, 22 24, 30, 32 33, 48 49, 149, 197 in women, 25, 36, 76 78, 81, 84 88
Index 257 See also diet; master plan; medical procedures; pain; individual names of medical conditions KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder) X-ray film, 94 95 labels, ingredient lists on, 147, 153 lasers, 205, 209 laxatives abuse of, 77 78 health-food store products, 151 152 lentils, 175 lifestyle, 28 29 bathroom access and, 130 132 changing, 134 145 eating habits, 24, 72 78, 133 134, 235 239 fluid loss and, 132 food diaries and, 119 120, 235 239 healthy changes, 7 8 motivation to change, 178 179 ultraviolet (UV) light exposure and, 132 133 See also diet liquid protein diets, 74 lithotomy, defined, 201 lithotripsy, 100 lithotripter, 184 low-carbohydrate diets, 74 low risk, for stone recurrence, 101 102 low ureteral stones, 36 magnesium, 45, 63 magnesium oxide, 190 191 malnutrition, bladder stones and, 26 27 master plan, 7, 103 diet guidelines, 105 109 ethnic cuisine guide for, 164 177 lifestyle change for, 130 135 oxalate and, 136 141, 147 153 rating your current diet, 110 117, 119 120 rating your current fluid intake, 117 119 recipe modification for, 142 146 special occasion menus and, 154 163 stone-forming profiles and, 120 129 weight and, 119 Mayo Clinic, 6 medical conditions, as predisposing factors, 60 anatomic abnormalities, 66 68 bowel disease, 61 63 cystinuria, 25, 46, 70, 98, 185, 191 glaucoma, 69 70 hyperparathyroidism, 21, 65, 184 medullary sponge kidney (MSK), 63 64 milk-alkali syndrome, ulcers, 65 oxalosis, 22, 70 71, 190 paralysis, immobilization, 25, 68 69 renal tubular acidosis (RTA), 21, 27, 69 70, 95 medical procedures, 201 213 contact lithotripsy, 205 cystoscopy, 184, 204, 206 207, 217 electrohydraulic lithotripsy, 206 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), 202, 205, 208, 211 212, 216 217 failure of, 219 220 historical references to, 4, 201 kidney anomalies and, 212
258 Index medical procedures (continued) nephrostomy tubes, 204 205 open surgery, 211 212 percutaneous nephrostomy, 205, 209, 210 211, 218 219 pneumatic lithotripsy, 206 preparation for, 221 222 questions to ask, 220 221 scopes, 205 steinstrasse, 202 204 stents, 204, 214 216 ultrasonic lithotripsy, 206 ureteroscopy, 206 209, 217, 220 See also treatment medical specialists, 183 185 endocrinologists, 184 family practitioners and, 183 infectious disease specialists, 185 internists, 183 nephrologists, 184 referrals to, 185 urologists, 184 medication, 186 192 anticonvulsive, 56 anti-inflammatory, 85 carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, 69 70 fat absorption inhibitors, 75 historical remedies, 186 need for, 187 NSAIDS (non-steroidal, antiinflammatory drugs), 85 for pain, 40 41 for sponge kidney, 64 thiazide diuretics, 54, 64, 188 189 types of, overview, 187 192 vitamin D supplements and, 56 See also medical procedures; treatment; individual names of medical conditions medullary sponge kidney (MSK), 63 64 men bladder stones in, 26 27, 81 kidney stone pain in, 36 male urinary tract, 11 stones in, 79 83 menus for barbecue, 158 159 for breakfast buffets, 162 163 for Thanksgiving, 154 158 for weddings, 159 161 See also diet; individual names of foods metabolic activity, 92 93 metabolism calcium, 65 oxalate and, 22, 55 uric acid and, 22 23 methionine, 49 metric conversion table, 223 Mexican cuisine, 167 168 midureteral stones, 36 milk-alkali syndrome, 65 milk substitutes, 150 151 mineral supplements, 113 114 mineral water, 45 mole sauce, 167 monosodium urate, 31 motivation, to change lifestyle, 178 179 muscle colic, 35 38, 41, 85 protein supplements for, 149 types of, 35 naproxen, 85 nephrologists, 184 nephrons, 10 nephroscopes, 210 212 nephrostomy tubes, 204 205 night-time urination, 46, 58
Index 259 noodles, 167 NSAIDS (non-steroidal, antiinflammatory drugs), 85 nuts, 54, 139, 145 obstruction, from stones, 38 open-ended stents, 204 open surgery, 211 212, 219 Orlistat, 75 osteoporosis, 50 overeating, impact of, 163. See also diet oxalate, 16, 22, 136 141 bioavailability of, 137 138 bowel disease and, 63 calcium and, 50 51 content of selected foods, 224 226 content variation in foods, 137 fat ingestion and, 96, 138 hard water and, 45 in hidden ingredients, 139 measuring, 137 portion size and, 138 pregnancy and, 86 87 rating consumption of, 112 in seasonal foods, 139 141 serving sizes of foods, 228 in soups, 143 special occasion precautions, 163 (See also special occasion menus) in tomatoes, 47 48, 91, 144 145, 171 urine testing for, 98 vitamin C supplements and, 138 as waste product, 136 See also ethnic cuisine oxalic acid, 138 oxalosis, 22, 70 71, 190 oxycodone, 41 pain colic, 35 38, 41, 85 following medical procedures, 219, 220 hospitalization, 41 42 management of, 40 41 patterns of, 38 39, 67 68, 82 83 secondary symptoms, 39 40 soreness of kidney, 35, 38 See also medical procedures paralysis, 25, 68 69 parathyroid hormone (PTH), 65 parsley, 148, 150, 153 pasta, 153, 172 penicillamine, 191 penile urethra, 79, 80 81 penis, 11 12 Pepcid, 65 percocet, 41 percutaneous nephrostomy, 205, 209, 210 211, 218 219 perspiration, 13, 15, 17 ph, urinary, 18 bowel disease and, 61, 62 citrate and, 32 dieting and, 73 laxative abuse and, 77 urate and, 33 urine profile, 97 vitamin C and, 57, 76 phosphates, 21, 192 blood analysis for, 96 urine testing for, 98, 99 physicians, types of, 183 185 pneumatic lithotripsy, 206 poles, of kidney, 212 pork, 166 portion size of animal protein foods, 49 of calcium-rich foods, 228 food diaries and, 235 oxalate intake and, 138
260 Index portion size (continued) oxalate-rich foods, serving sizes, 228 recipe modification and, 142 146 potassium, 13, 54 blood analysis for, 96 laxative abuse and, 77 thiazides and, 189 potassium bicarbonate, 187 188 potassium citrate, 64, 70, 78, 87, 98, 187 188 poultry, 166 pregnancy, 85 88 primary care physicians, 183 primary hyperoxaluria, 22 prostate, 11 12, 68, 79 82 prostatitis, 81 82 protein in commonly consumed foods, 230 daily protein allowance, 230 energy bars, 152 in fast foods, 231 intake quantity of, 47, 48 49, 59 liquid protein diets, 74 low-carbohydrate diets, 74 oxalate and, 22 rating consumption of, 115 117 in reference hamburgers, 232 special occasion precautions, 163 (See also special occasion menus) stone-forming profile example, 121 122 supplements, 149 very-low-calorie diets, 75 See also animal protein; ethnic cuisine Proteus, 25 26, 86, 191 pulses, 175 purines, 22 23, 24, 49, 233 234 pyelonephritis, 25 pyridoxine (vitamin B 6 ), 70, 190 pyrophosphate, 192 radiolucent/radiopaque stones, 94 95 ranitidine, 65 rapid weight loss diets, 72 73 recipe modification, 142 146. See also individual names of foods recommended daily allowances (RDA), calcium, 227 recovery, from medical procedures, 220 reflux, urinary, 12, 66 68 renal arteries, 10 renal capsule, 35 renal colic, 35 38, 41, 85. See also pain renal pelvis, 197 198 renal tubular acidosis (RTA), 21, 27, 69 70, 95 repeeing, 80 resorptive hypercalciuria, 69 rhubarb, 54 rice, 167, 176 risk assessment, 89 90, 99 102. See also workup rock candy principle, 29 30 salads in ethnic cuisine, 172, 173 174 recipe modification for, 142 143 salts, types of, 30 31. See also sodium sandwich technique, 211 212 sauces, 144 145 scopes, defined, 205. See also medical procedures seafood, 166 seasonal foods, oxalate and, 139 141
Index 261 secondary symptoms, 39 40 self-assessment, 111 calcium consumption, 114 115 fluid consumption, 117 119 food diaries for, 119 120 oxalate consumption, 112 protein consumption, 115 117 sodium consumption, 112 113 stone-forming profiles and, 120 129 vitamin, mineral supplements, 113 114 weight, 115, 119 sepsis, 39 40 sexual function, medical procedures and, 220 size, of stones, 196. See also medical procedures skeletal muscle, 35 skin, UV exposure, 15, 132 133 smooth muscle, 35, 36 sodium, 13, 16 18 blood analysis for, 96 in diet, 53 54 in flavorings, 229 foods to avoid, 228 229 rating consumption of, 112 113 salts, defined, 30 31 in soups, 143 urine testing for, 98 See also ethnic cuisine sodium bicarbonate, 188 sonography, 94 95 soreness, of kidneys, 35, 38. See also pain soups dietary guidelines for, 165, 168, 169, 171, 173, 175 recipe modification for, 143 144 soy, 151, 165, 170 spearmint, 150 special occasion menus barbecue, 158 159 breakfast buffets, 162 163 Thanksgiving, 154 158 weddings, 159 161 spinach, 54, 137 spinal stenosis, 68 sponge kidney, 63 64 staghorn calculi, 26 steinstrasse, 202 204 stents, 194 195, 204, 214 216. See also medical procedures sterilization, of medical facilities, 221 steroids, 56 stews, 144 stocks, 144 145 stone baskets, 208 209 stone clinic effect, 6 strawberries, 137 struvite stones, 20, 25 26, 185, 192 apatite and, 21 composition of, 30 reflux of urine and, 68 urinary tract infections and, 86 sugar, blood analysis for, 96 supplements calcium, 52 oxalate in, 147 149 potassium citrate, 64, 70, 78, 87, 98, 187 188 vitamin C and oxalate, 138 See also vitamins/vitamin supplements surgery open, 211 212 percutaneous, 205, 209, 210 211, 218 219 preparation for, 221 222 surgical activity, 92 93 sushi/sashimi, 171
262 Index tea, 54 55, 100 101, 149 150 testicles, 36, 83 testing, 94 99 stone analysis, 27, 95 96 urinalysis and urine chemistries, 96 99 X-rays, sonography, 94 95 Thanksgiving menus, 154 158 thiazide diuretics, 54, 64, 188 189 thiola, 191 thyroid, 21, 65, 184 tofu, 151 tomatoes/tomato sauce, 47 48, 91 in ethnic cuisine, 171 recipe modification, 144 145 toppings, dietary guidelines for, 174, 176 travel, bathroom access during, 131 treatment, 6, 193 200 assessment for, 193 194 examples, 199 200 importance of stone analysis and, 27, 95 96 postponing, 195 stents, 194 195 stone composition and, 196 197 stone location, kidney anatomy and, 37 39, 67 68, 82 83, 195 200 stone size and, 196 See also medical conditions, as predisposing factors; medical procedures; medical specialists; medication triamterene, 190 triglycerides, 96 trigone, 12, 36 tumors, 40 tunnel syndrome, 196 twenty-four-hour urine collection, 97, 98 ulcers, 65 ultrasonic lithotripsy, 206 ultrasound, 94 95 ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, 132 133 urate, 32 33, 190 urea, 16 urease, 191 ureter, 11 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatment of ureteral stones, 208 KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder) X-ray film, 94 95 stones in, 36 ureteroscopy, 206 209, 217, 220 See also medical procedures ureteral orifice, 206 ureteral pelvic junction, 38 ureteropelvic dysproportion, 67 68 ureteropelvic stones, 36 ureteroscopes, 206 urethra, 11, 38, 79 81 uric acid, 16 blood analysis for, 96 monosodium urate, 31 urine testing for, 98 99 uric acid stones, 20, 22 24 from animal protein, 48 49 composition of, 30 formation of, 32 33 protein supplements and, 149 stone-forming profile example, 122 123 treatment for, 197 urinalysis, 96 97 urinary antiseptics, 191 urinary system, 9 13 abnormal urinary tract, 25 of men, 79 83 of women, 84 88
Index 263 urinary tract infections, 185 kidney stone formation in women and, 84 88 struvite stones and, 25 urinary tract surgery, 184 urination night-time, 46, 58 prostate problems and, 80 voiding problems, 68 See also urine urine acid in, 18, 57, 62, 73, 74, 76 anatomic abnormalities and, 66 68 balance and, 16 blood in, 40 calcium and, 50 51 citrate in, 31 32 composition of, 10 11 flow, 130 132 medullary sponge kidney (MSK) and, 63 64 night-time urination, 46, 58 reflux, 12, 66 68 testing of, 96 99 urinary system, 9 13 volume of, 43 44, 46, 61 water consumption and, 43 46 See also medical procedures Urocit K, 188. See also potassium citrate urologists, 184 vegetables calcium in, 228 dietary guidelines for, 166, 170, 174, 176 oxalate in, 224 226 sodium in, 229 See also individual names of vegetables vegetarian diet, 151 venereal disease, 81, 82 very-low-calorie diets, 75 vesicle irritability, 36 vitamins/vitamin supplements rating consumption of, 113 114 vitamin A, 56 57 vitamin B 6 (pyridoxine), 70, 190 vitamin C, 22, 57 58, 76, 138 vitamin D, 52 53, 55 56 See also supplements vomiting, 39 40 following medical procedures, 219 hospitalization for, 41 42 water, 43 46 to counterract overindulgence, 179 hard tap water, 44 45 increasing consumption of, 45 46 mineral water, 45 urine volume and, 43 44, 46, 61 See also fluids weather, dehydration from, 44, 134 weddings, menus for, 159 161 weight daily protein allowance and, 230 loss/gain, 72 78, 115 self-assessment, 115, 119 stone-forming profile examples, 125 127 wheat bran, 54 women bladder stones in, 81 eating disorders in, 76 77 female urinary tract, 11 kidney stone pain in, 36
264 Index women (continued) laxative abuse by, 77 78 stone formation in, 84 88 struvite stones in, 25 workup, 89 dietary aberrations, 91 family history, 90 medical condition assessment, 90 91 personal history, 91 risk assessment and, 89 90, 99 102 at risk categories, 101 102 stone history, 92 94 testing during, 94 99 urinary tract abnormalities, 91 X-rays, 94 95 Zantac, 65