Agronomic In-Service Training ---------------------------------------- NFREC, Quincy, FL January 16, 2018 Nicholas S. Dufault Extension Specialist Row Crops & Vegetables Plant Pathology Department/IFAS University of Florida
Disease topics: Cotton, Corn & Peanut General Recommendations Cotton Diseases Corn Diseases Peanut Diseases Cultivar by Spray Small Plot Results Large Plot Results On-farm results Chlorothalonil in 2018
Do fungicides help control disease and save yields in cotton? Target spot (Corynespora) Includes boll rots Tan centers Stemphylium leaf spot Secondary disease Potassium deficiencies Photo Courtesy of Bob Kemerait
Fungicides for Foliar Diseases of Cotton Headline (pyraclostrobin) (6 fl oz/a) Single application expected Labeled for foliar disease control Twinline (pyraclostrobin + metconazole) (7-8.5 fl oz/a) 2(ee) label for control of leaf spot (Corynespora cassiicola) Quadris (azoxystrobin) (6 or 9 fl oz/a) Supplemental label received in July 2008 Priaxor (fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin) (4 to 8 fl oz/a) Corynespora control, release Supplemental label Topguard (flutriafol) (7 to 14 fl oz/a) Corynespora Control Rate still being evaluated Tebuzol 3.6F (tebuconazol) (6-8 fl oz/a) Labeled for control of southwestern cotton rust Puccinia cacabata
2018 Cotton disease recommendations Corynespora target spot can be a problem Variety is important (Phyt.499 susceptible) Fungicides can save yield s by 1 to 10% Minimal difference btw 1 and 2 sprays Fungicides will not control bacterial blight! Blanket applications are not recommended.
Corn diseases to pay attention to Southern Rust Northern Corn Leaf Blight
Northern Corn Leaf Blight Some level is typically expected Fungicides used when: Disease likely to develop further Variety is susceptible
Southern Corn Rust Monitoring is key (http://scr.ipmpipe.org) Rust has races Some resistance ineffective Many fungicides available Fungicide usage: Early season infections Susceptible variety Corn in good shape
Corn fungicide efficacy table
Corn recommendations for 2018 Disease can be limited Weather & climate impacts (La Nina) Later planting, higher Southern rust chance Fungicides Best at V6 or after Each field is unique VT better for S. rust Early planting helps reduce stalk & ear rots
Peanut Diseases
Some level of peanut disease is expected
Cultivar by Spray Input 7 th year of continuous peanuts Generic fungicide program Chlorothalonil, Teb. and Azoxy. All have 3 MOA Cultivars: Georgia-06G, TUFRunner 511 and 297, FloRun 331 Planting date: 5/11/16 & 5/16/17
Fungicide schedule Date: 15-Jun 27-Jun 3-Jul 18-Jul 1-Aug DAP: 30 42 48 63 77 Trt # 0 Sprays 1 to 4 4 Sprays 5 to 8 5 Sprays 9 to 12 7 Sprays 13 to 16 Echo 720 @ 1.5 Azoxy. applied 90 DAP 4 Sprays: 2 Teb. and 1 Azoxy. 5 Sprays: 2 Teb. and 1 Azoxy. 7 Sprays: 3 Teb. and 1 Azoxy. Echo 720 @ 1.5 Echo 720 @ 1.5 Teb. applied 60, 75, 105 & 115 DAP Echo 720 @ 1.5 TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1 TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1 TebuStar @ 7.2 fl TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1 oz/a + Echo 720 1
Leafspot pressure was lower in 2016 than 2017. 2017 2016
5 & 7 apps had the same yield for all cultivars in 2016. Values above line differ from GA06G 7 apps. LSD = 722
5 and 7 apps had the same yield for all Florida cultivars in 2017. Values above diff. from GA06G 7 apps. LSD = 559
TUFRunner 511 and FloRun 331 performed well in reduced application programs. 5 apps. was comparable to 7 apps. GA06G needs at least 7 apps. for high disease (ELS dominate) Could we reduce an early season chlorothalonil spray?
0 Sprays 1 to 4 4 Sprays 5 to 8 5 Sprays 9 to 12 7 Sprays 13 to 16 Date: 15-Jun 27-Jun 3-Jul 18-Jul 1-Aug DAP: 30 42 48 63 77 Trt # Echo 720 @ 1.5 Echo 720 @ 1.5 Echo 720 @ 1.5 Echo 720 @ 1.5 TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1 TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1 TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1 TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1
Live Oak Fungicide Trial Data Small plot trials (30-ft plots) Large plot trials (~ 2 acres) 3 rd year of peanuts History of white mold with peanuts WM present in 3 rd year, but still low Variety: Georgia-06G
Spray schedules for small plot trials. Planting Date 5/15/2017 14-Jun 23-Jun 29-Jun 14-Jul 28-Jul 11-Aug 25-Aug 8-Sep 30 39 45 60 74 88 102 116 Leaf Spot Leaf Spot Stem Rot Leaf Spot Stem Rot/Limb Rot Leaf Spot Leaf Spot Companyt ID 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 7 Untreated Chloro. Only Nichino Generic Bayer Syngenta Dupont BASF Proline SC 5.7 fl oz/a Elatus 7.3 oz/a Priaxor @ 6 fl oz/a BravoWS @ 1.5 pt/a Convoy @ 32 fl oz/a + Echo 720 @ 1.5 pts/a + Topsin @ 5 fl oz/a TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 Provost Opti @10.7 fl oz/a Elatus 7.3 oz/a Fontelis @ 16 fl oz/a TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 Abound 18.5 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 pt/a Abound 18.5 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 pt/a BravoWS @ 1.5 pt/a Fontelis @ 16 fl oz/a Priaxor @ 8 fl oz/a Disease was developed late in the season, after July. Convoy @ 32 fl oz/a + Echo 720 @ 1.5 pts/a + Topsin @ 5 fl oz/a TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 Provost Opti @10.7 fl oz/a Elatus 7.3 oz/a Fontelis @ 16 fl oz/a TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 Harvest Date: 10/12 TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 Provost Opti @10.7 fl oz/a BravoWS @ 1.5 pt/a TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 BravoWS @ 1.5 pt/a
Program with leafspot sprays 88 DAP performed better than the rest. LSD = 672 Below orange line is sig. diff from Elatus
Spray schedules for large plot trials. Planting Date 5/15/2017 14-Jun 29-Jun 14-Jul 28-Jul 11-Aug 28-Aug 15-Sep 30 45 60 74 88 105 123 Leaf Spot Leaf Spot Stem Rot Leaf Spot Stem Rot/Limb Rot Leaf Spot Leaf Spot Treatment Trt # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 High input 1 Low input 2 Proline SC 5.7 fl oz/a Echo 720 @ 1.5 Echo 720 @ 1.5 White mold present Late season defoliation Provost Opti @10.7 fl oz/a TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 Abound 18.5 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 pt/a Abound 18.5 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 pt/a Provost Opti @10.7 fl oz/a TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 Harvest Date: 10/12 Provost Opti @10.7 fl oz/a TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5
High input had significantly higher yields. LSD = 314
High input worth $200 more per acre than low input. LSD = 81
Dryland OFT with various input levels Planting Date 5/16/2017 16-May 22-Jun 7-Jul 25-Jul 9-Aug 23-Aug 7-Sep 19-Sep 0 37 52 70 85 99 114 126 Leaf Spot Leaf Spot Stem Rot Leaf Spot Stem Rot/Limb Leaf Spot Leaf Spot Treatment Trt # In-furrow 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 High input 1 Velum Total @ 18 fl oz/a Proline SC 5.7 fl oz/a Provost Opti @10.7 fl oz/a Abound 18.5 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 pt/a Provost Opti @10.7 fl oz/a Provost Opti @10.7 fl oz/a Echo 720 @ 1.5 High input2 2 Proline SC 5.7 fl oz/a Provost Opti @10.7 fl oz/a Abound 18.5 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 pt/a Provost Opti @10.7 fl oz/a Provost Opti @10.7 fl oz/a Echo 720 @ 1.5 Low input 3 TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 Abound 18.5 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 pt/a TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 TebuStar @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 Echo 720 @ 1.5
Yield was not significantly different. p > 0.50
p > 0.60 Significant root-knot was found in one replication of the no Velum plots.
The trend in 2017 was that high input programs performed better.
On-Farm Trials Hamilton Co. 2012-2017 Low levels disease observed 5 to 10 Acres Variety: Georgia 06-G May Planting Dates
2012 to 2016 comparison shows no sig. program differences Net returns ($ per acre) were standardized each year by subtracting each individual replication s net return by the overall field mean. Mean values are represented by open green circles and median values are represented by the center solid lines. Standardized return values were not statistically different (MSE = 5385.7, P = 0.56).
2017 trial had a focus on Velum Planting Date: 5/25 to 5/26 Harvest Date: 10/6 to 10/7 26-May 14-Jul 27-Jul 10-Aug 24-Aug 7-Sep 21-Sep 0 49 62 76 90 104 118 Leaf Spot Leaf Spot Stem Rot Leaf Spot Stem Rot/Limb Rot Leaf Spot In-furrow 1 2 3 4 5 6 Abound (18 fl oz/a) Elatus 7.3 oz/a BravoWS @ 1.5 pt/a Elatus 7.3 oz/a BravoWS @ 1.5 pt/a Elatus 7.3 oz/a BravoWS @ 1.5 pt/a + Tebuzol @ 7.2 fl oz/a Velum Total (18 fl oz/a) + Abound (18 fl oz/a) Velum Total (18 fl oz/a) + Abound (18 fl oz/a) Velum Total (18 fl oz/a) + Abound (18 fl oz/a) Elatus 7.3 oz/a BravoWS @ 1.5 pt/a Elatus 7.3 oz/a BravoWS @ 1.5 pt/a Elatus 7.3 oz/a Proline SC 5.7 fl oz/a Provost Opti @10.7 fl oz/a Convoy @ 32 fl oz/a + pts/a + Topsin @ 5 fl oz/a Abound 18.5 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 pt/a Tebuzol @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 Provost Opti @10.7 fl oz/a Convoy @ 32 fl oz/a + pts/a + Topsin @ 5 fl oz/a BravoWS @ 1.5 pt/a + Tebuzol @ 7.2 fl oz/a Provost Opti @10.7 fl oz/a Tebuzol @ 7.2 fl oz/a Tebuzol @ 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo 720 1.5 Disease was low (FL 1 to 10 = 3 on 9/20) Stress was noticed in the field Surprisingly high nematode counts (350/cc)
Treatments varied but not significantly.
The price/a varied by almost $100.
There are/will be production issues with chlorothalonil products in 2018. Prices will be higher Supply will be less Biggest impact peanuts
Some substitutes and/or mixing components for peanuts include: DMI Products (FRAC 3) One Product Tebuconazole (7.2 fl oz) Alto (5.5 fl oz) Topguard (7 to 14 fl oz) Quash (2.5 to 4 oz) Eminent VP (7.2 fl oz) Mixed Products Provost Opti (10 to 10.7 fl oz) Mazinga (2 pt) Evito T, Custodia & Absolute QoI Products (FRAC 11) One Product Headline (labeled) Abound (18.5 fl oz) Evito (5.7 fl oz) Mixed Products Priaxor (6 to 8 fl oz) Elatus (7.3 to 9.5 fl oz) Custodia (15.5 fl oz) Arius ADV (30 fl oz) Absolute (3.5 fl oz) Watch for tebuconazole in mixes
Other products to consider are: Topsin-M (5 to 10 fl oz; FRAC 1) No more than 2 apps Not consecutive (1 & 3 or 2 & 4) Protectants Elast (12.8 fl oz); mix with teb. early Mancozeb (mix with Topsin M) Effective stand alone products (soil & foliar) Provost Opti, Elatus, Fontelis Priaxor (8 fl oz)
Use Peanut Rx, know your varieties response to foliar diseases.
There are multiple tools for peanut disease management
Climate impacts