Cellular Respiration How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!
Useable Energy Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) Adenosine Ribose Sugar 3 Phosphates November 27, 2017
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Where do our cells get energy? 6-C sugars are the MAJOR source of energy for cell What type of macromolecule are 6-C sugars? Carbohydrates Cells break down glucose, a 6-C sugar, to make ATP energy November 27, 2017
Overall Chemical Process C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + usable energy (ATP) November 27, 2017
Cellular Respiration (3-stages) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport November 27, 2017 Fermentation (without oxygen) Alcohol or lactic acid
Flowchart Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Glucose (C 6 H 12 0 6 ) + Oxygen (0 2 ) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) + Water (H 2 O) + ATP
Glycolysis: Figure 9 3 Glycolysis Step 1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain
Figure 9 3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain
Figure 9 3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain
Where Cytoplasm NO O 2 required Energy Yield net gain of 2 ATP 6-C glucose TWO 3-C pyruvates Free e - and H + combine with organic ion carriers called NAD + NADH + H + (nicotinamide dinucleotide) November 27, 2017
Summary In Glucose (6-C) Out 2 pyruvate; 2(3-C) 2NADH 2 ATP November 27, 2017
Questions Where does glycolysis take place? Glycolysis energy yield? Breaks glucose into TWO. November 27, 2017
The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion
Figure 9 6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion
Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid Where mitochondria Pyruvate (3-C) Acetic acid (2-C) 3rd C forms CO 2 Acetic acid combines with Coenzyme A to form ACETYL-CoA November 27, 2017
Summary In Pyruvate NAD CoA Out CO 2 (as waste) NADH Acetyl-CoA November 27, 2017
What is releasing Energy with O 2? Aerobic respiration Where In mitochondria November 27, 2017
Second Step: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) Where Mitochondrial matrix Energy Yield 2 ATP and more e - Acetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form 6-C CITRIC ACID Citric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C Gives off a CO 2 molecule NAD+ and FAD pick up the released e - FAD becomes FADH 2 NAD + becomes NADH + H + Cycle ALWAYS reforming a 4-C molecule November 27, 2017
Krebs Cycle November 27, 2017
The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion
Figure 9 6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion
ETC Where inner membrane of mitochondria Energy Yield Total of 32 ATP O 2 combines with TWO H + to form H 2 O Exhale - CO 2, H 2 O comes from cellular respiration November 27, 2017
Electron Transport Chain Section 9-2 Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement Channel Mitochondrion Intermembrane Space ATP synthase Inner Membrane Matrix ATP Production
Summary Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Glucose Glycolysis Pyruvic acid Krebs Cycle Electrons carried in NADH and FADH 2 Electron Transport Chain Cytoplasm Mitochondrion
Total ENERGY Yield Glycolysis 2 ATP Krebs Cycle 2 ATP ETC 32 ATP Total 36 ATP November 27, 2017
What happens if NO O 2? Cellular respiration process STOPS November 27, 2017
Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Anaerobic DOES NOT require oxygen Simple fast produces smaller amounts of energy 2 ATP Aerobic requires oxygen Yields large amounts of energy 36 ATP November 27, 2017
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Releasing Energy w/out Oxygen Anaerobic Respiration No Additional ATP is Formed No O 2 leads to Fermentation Two Types Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation November 27, 2017
Lactic Acid Fermentation Bacteria and most animals After glycolysis 2 pyruvic acid changed to lactic acid Sometimes happens in your muscles, cramps-----exercise November 27, 2017
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Alcoholic Fermentation Bacteria and fungi (yeast) Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are the end products Process used to form beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages Also used to raise dough, bread November 27, 2017
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Cellular Respiration Review Three Main Stages Glycolysis (2 ATP) Kreb s Cycle (2 ATP) Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP) November 27, 2017
Figure 9 3 Glycolysis Glycolysis: Step 1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain
Figure 9 3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain
Figure 9 3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain
The Krebs Cycle: Step 2 Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion
Figure 9 6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion
Electron Transport Chain: Step 3 Section 9-2 Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement Channel Mitochondrion Intermembrane Space ATP synthase Inner Membrane Matrix ATP Production