Subject Index adjustment disorder with depressed mood - in childhood and adolescence 30 adolescents - time spent in hospitals 23 adoptee's study design 53 adrenaline - in CSF 96-97 ex-adrenergic receptors 104 ex-1-adrenergic antagonist 94 ex-adrenoceptor 94 ex-2-adrenoceptors 104 p-adrenoceptors 94 adrenocortical hormones 95 ex-2-adrenoreceptor agonist 94 affective disorder(s) 45 - aetiology of 106 - age of onset 4 - biological markers 103 - central neurotransmitter function, in 102 - course of 1 - diagnostic criteria of 47 - diagnostic stability of 3-4 - expectancies 49 - family history of 4 - first-degree relatives 50 - genetic dissection 59 - heterogeneity of 31 - in childhood and adolescence 28, 30 - - chronicity 19 - - episode of 29 - - outcome of 29 - - premorbid personality in 29 - long-term observations of 32 - mode of transmission 54 - mortality in 126 - mortality rate in 24 - periodicity of 11 - predictors of 106 - recovery from 14 - recurrence due to 9 - sex difference in 31 - social consequences of 32 - subgroups of 31 - tricyclic antidepressants and 9 - untreated natural history of 1 affective dysreguiation - personality maladjustment in 133 affective episodes - characterological disturbance of 140 - genetic potential for 139 - precursors of 139 - predisposing personality 131 affective pathology - personality in 133 affective personalities 138 - risk for developing depressive states 139 affective psychosis - cause of death 128 - outcome in 73 - risk for suicide 26, 128 affective recurrences - prevention of 142 - psychodynamic approaches and 142 affective states - subdivision of 46 affective temperaments 132 age at onset 4,31,47, 59, 68 - bimodal distribution of 5 - initial consultation as 4, 6 - late 6 - statistical handling of 5 AGECAT Package 118 aggression 93 p-agonists 95 agoraphobics - neurotransmitter function in 107 alcoholism - CFS 5-HIAA and 93 allele frequency 58 - segregation of disease susceptibility 61 antidepressant( s) - therapeutic action of 95 - tricyclic - - re-uptake of biogenic amines 103 arteriosclerotic disorder - higher risk of 25
148 assessment, standardized methods of 120 assortative mating effects 62 atypical depression 13 auto aggression 93 autopsy studies 93 behavioral changes 106 behavioral patterns 138 Belford College method 119 bereavement 47 - impairment of cell-mediated immunity 105 - mortality rate of 122 - prognosis of 17 biologic disturbances 92 biological markers - reproducibility of 106 bipolar disorder(s)/illness - age of onset 5 - burning out of 9 - cycle length in 12 - cyclothymic forms of 134 - difference of unipolar depression and 31 - episodes of 11 - family studies 50 - in childhood and adolescence - - relapse rate of 29 - manic onset in 7 - mortality of 127 - number of observed episodes 9 - outcome of 16 - rapid cycling 115 - rate of suicide attempts in 26 - recovery of 16 - recurrence of 8 - recurrent 2 - seasonal distribution in 13 - single-episode cases 8 - suicide rate of 26 - supratentorial metabolic rate 115 bipolar patients - chronically disabled 18 - chronicity 19 - chronicity rate 18 bipolar personality 134 blood-brain-barrier 114 brain - energy levels of 114 - imaging 112 - metabolic processes of 114 - receptor functions of 114 - regions involved in immunoregulation 105 cerebral blood flow 114 cerebrovascular disease 129 chemiluminescent probe 106 cholecystokinin 96 chromosome 6 61 chronic outcome 22 chronicity 18-22, 71 circardian rythm 103-104 classification systems 92 clonidine 94 cognitive function 107 computer diagnostic system 118 concordance 50-51, 57 coping mechanism 124, 142 cross-sectional approach 77 cross-sectional outcome study - psychopathology in 78 cross-sectional surveys 3 CSF 5-HIAA 60,93 CSF studies 93 CT technique 113 cybernetic models 90 cycle length 11-12 cyclicity of mood disorders 139 cyclothymic disorders 28, 137 - age of onset 6 behavioural patterns 138 cyclothymic personality 133 Subject Index decarboxylase inhibitor 94 delusions - Gi2-receptor binding sites 105 dementia - depression, association between 122 depression - ACTH cortisol secretion 94 - atypical - - neurotransmitter function in 107 - cancer patients 121 - chronic - - course 68 - - medical illness and 143 - correlation with physical illness 121 - course 75, 77 - course of physical illness in 122 - death rate in 119 - dementia, association between 122 - diagnostic criteria for 46 - double 81, 137 - elderly. - - longitudinal study of 119 - - outcome in 18, 21 - - prevalence 118 - - senil dementia and 21 - endogenous 96 - - prognosis of 80 - - prophylactic treatment of 97
Subject Index - growth hormone response 103 - in childhood and adolescence 29 - - risk for further episode of 30 - influence on environment 79 - involutional - - recovery rate of 15 - life events 77 - limbic-hypothalamic activity, and 103 - major - - criteria of 120 - - prevalence in old age 118 - minor - - association with physical symptoms 118 - - criteria of 120 - - prevalence in old age 119 - monoamine metabolites in CSF, and 102 - mood-congruent psychotic features 3 - mortality of 127 - natural course of 90 - neuroendocrin markers of 103 - neurotic - - causes of death 128 - - mortality of 127 - - suicide, risk of 128 - non situational 70 - nonendogenous 96 - outcome 75, 119 - prognosis of 120 - rate of CBF 115 - recovery from 91 - recurrence of 9 - recurrent - - age of onset 6 - relapse rate in 73 - remissions of 73 - risk of physicial diseases 126 - seasonal pattern 143 - serotonergic function 103 - situational 70 - social factors 75 - socio-demographic variables in 68 - somatic features 122 - subclasses of 46 - suicide rate 26, 68 - therapy resistant - - neurotransmitter function in 107 - thyroid-stimulating hormone, and 103 - time spent in hospital 23 - treatment by general practitioners 123 - violent death 128 - vulnerability to 93 depressive episodes - life-table analysis of recovery rate 11 149 depressive personality disorders - clinical outcome of 81 - major depressive breakdowns 137 - social outcome of 81 depressive subtypes 71 - long-term course of 80 desmethylimipramine 94 dexamethasone suppression test 103, 123 diagnostic criteria 46 dizygotic twins 51 DNA restriction fragment 53 dopa 93 p-down-regulation 94 DSM-III 45, 61 dual mating studies 50 dysthymia 123 - in childhood and adolescence 4, 30 - subaffective 81 dysthymic disorder - in childhood and adolescence 30 - REM latency 136 dysthymic personalities - social skills training of 142 - vocational counselling 142 dysthymic temperament(s) 135, 137 - REM latency 140 ECT 94 electroencephalography - computerization of 116 electromagnetic radiation 114 endogenous phasic psychoses 13 endorphine system 95 episodes - definition of 8 - duration of 10 - incomplete remission of 23 - length of 10 - log-normal distribution of 10-11 - onset of 13 - premorbid personality characteristics 131 - spontaneous recovery 10 erythrocyts - electrolyte flux in 107 evoked potential 107 expressed emotion 79,84 external stress 85 family history 138 family studies 49, 56 feedback effect 126 fighting behavior 93 first interval 12 follow-along studies 75
150 follow-up studies - cooperation in 81 Freiburger Personlichkeitsinventar (FPI) 83 functional disorders 119 gastrin 96 genetic - artificial markers 53 - changes 106 - component 52 - factors 132 - markers 53, 56 genotype 54, 61 Geriatric Mental State (GMS) 118 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase - deficiency of 53 growth hormone 94 heterogeneity 50, 57 HLA 53 - haplotypes 61 5-HT 60 - metabolism 97 - turnover 93 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in CSF 102 hydroxy tryptophan 94 hyperthymic behavioral patterns 138 hypertbymic personality 134 hyperthymic temperaments - REM latency 140 hypochondriasis 21 hypomania 2 - drug induced 3 - treated with tricyclic antidepressants 136 hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis 105 IgG response 106 IgM response 106 imaging techniques 113 imipramine - binding sites in platelets 61 immune changes 106 immune responsiveness - effect of stressful stimuli on 106 immunoglobulin 106 index episode 64 inpatients studies 32 interaction effects 81 interactive developmental model 78, 86 ischemic heart disease 128 isotopes 114 life events 63-64, 73, 83, 119, 123, 138 - depression and 122 Subject Index - myocardial infarction and 122 - prognostic importance of 70 - psychopathology and 77 life stress 69-70 life-table analysis 2 linkage analysis 53 linkage of HLA 61 lithium 57,60,136 log-likelihood ratio 57 log-linear methods 81 longitudinal course study - psychopathology in 78 longitudinal diagnostic change - from unipolar to bipolar disorder 3 longitudinal studies 92, 124 loss events 73 lymphocytes 103, 106 - p-adrenoreceptor density 105 - electrolyte flux in 107 magnetic field 114 maladjustment 131 mania 1 - as a distinct entity 8 - in childhood and adolescence 28 - - prognosis of 29 manic-depressives - life cycles of 23 - recovery rate of 15 MAO - inhibitor 94 - platelet activites of 61 marital disharmony 70 marital status 63, 68 masked depression 91 melancholia 96, 102 - suicide rate of 26 melancholic personality 134 memory model 2 methylamphetamine 94 minidepressions 137 mitogens 105 monoamin metabolits in CSF 102 monoaminergic abnormality 60 monozygotic twins 51,97 mood congruent psychotics - time spent in hospital 23 mood disorder(s) 45 - outcome of 131 - personality in 131 - primary care physicians and 143 - risk factors in 141 - temperamental contribution to 140 morbid distress 123 mortality 126
Subject Index - of early onset cases 24 - of late-onset cases 24 - physical diseases 25 - rate of suicide 25 - suicide attempts and 143 multifactorial models 54 multiple-treshold genetic models 56 murderers - CSF 5-HIAA and 93 muskarinic receptor density 61 myocardial infarction 122 natural death - risk for 26 natural history model 75, 85 neuronal system 95 neuropeptides 96 neurotic depression - natural death 128 - positive events in 73 - social outcome for 80 - suicide risk 130 neurotransmitter 102 neutralizing life events 73 Newcastle scale 80 non psychosocial factors as predictors 65 noradrenaline - active transport site 104 - in CSF 97 - hypothesis 94 nuclear magnetic fields 114 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 114 observer variability 120 obsessive-compulsive disorder - CSF 5-HIAA 93 oscillations of mood 132 outcome 27 - measured by mortality 130 outpatients studies 32 pain clinic 121 panic attacks 61 Parkinson's disease 121 penetration 62 peptides in CSF 96 personality 131 - factors 63 - test 83 phenotype 56 phentolamine 94 physical illness 123, 138 - interaction with psychiatric illness 120 - psychological reaction to 121 platelet( s) 103 - adrenoreceptor function 105 - (3H)-imipramin binding in 107 - imipramine binding in 97 - p-receptors of 105 - serotonin induced aggregation 104 - (3H)-serotonin uptake rate 107 polarity 57 polydiagnostic approach 80 positron emission tomography 115 post-depressive personality 135 postmenopausal 94 prazosine 94 predictive factors - sex in 27 premorbid personality 83 - outcome of depression in 67 Present State Examination 82 prevalence 118, 120, 123 prevention 142-144 prognosis - hysterical traits 27 - neurotic or phobic symptoms 27 - social support 70 prolactin response 103 prospective research 32, 66, 85 prospective studies 64 - recovery rates in 18 - repeated assessment of patients in 81 psychiatric illness - interaction with physical illness 120 psychosocial 63 - adjustment 68 - precipitants 69 - predictors 65 psychosocial research - self-rating scales in 82 psychosocial variables - cross predictions 64 - measuring of 75 - used as clinical outcome measures 73 psychotherapy effect on psychopathology 73 psychotic patient - frontal metabolism 115 radionuclide 115 radiowaves 114 reactive psychoses 70 recovery - varying definitions of 14 relapse risk - in childhood and adolescents 27 relapses 68 reliability 120 REM latency 107, 135 151
152 Research Diagnostic Criteria 80 residual symptoms 22 - treatment of 143 retrospective design(s) 66, 85 retrospective studies 64 - distortions in recall 81 Schedule of Social Interaction 69 seasonal variations - affective disorders in 13 - litium prophylaxis in 143 - psychological disorders in 13 segregation model 57 segregation pattern 58 selection bias 51 self-rating techniques 86 serotonergic 95, 103 serotonin - abnormalities 60 - active transport site 104 - deficit 93 - uptake 104 single genetic transmission 58 single major locus 54, 57 sleep deprivation 138 social adjustment 74 - methods for measuring 84 social class 63 social complications 143 social network 63, 84 social outcome 74 social support 63,71,83, 142 - methods for measuring 84 - prognosis connected with 70 sociopaths - CSF 5-HIAA and 93 state dependent marker 106 state marker 97 steroid contraceptives 138 Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III 82 subaffective expression 132 subclinical hypothyroidism 138 suicidal deaths - CSF-5-HIAA and 144 - seasonality 14 suicide 24-26, 60 - prevention - - individualized psychotherapy and 144 - rate of 25, 71 - risk for 26, 60 suicide attempts - and CSF 5-HIAA 93 - rate of 26 - repeated 26 systems-theory 90 Subject Index temperament 134 thyramine 96 thyreotropin releasing hormone 96 times spent in illness 23 topography of the brain 112 trait abnormality 135 trait marker 95, 140 tricyclic antidepressants 134, 136 - binding to platelets 104 tryptophan 94 twin studies 51 typus melancholicus 134 tyramine - urinary output of 96 tyramine challange test 95 unipolar affective disorders - recovery of 16 unipolar depression - age of onset 5 - burning out of 9 - chronicity 19 - chronicity rate 18 - cycle length in 12 - death rate of 24 - difference of bipolar disorder and 31 - episodes of 11 - family studies 50 - first interval in 12 - mortality of 126 - number of observed episodes 9 - outcome of 16 - rates of suicide attempts in 26 - recurrent 2 - single-episode cases 8 - subclasses of 31 - suicide rate of 26 unipolar depressives - time spent in hospital 23 unipolar mania - investigations of 7 - recurrence of 9 vascular disorders - higher risk of 25 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide 96 vasopressin 96 visual observation 116 vulnerability 85 vulnerability-external influence model 78,85 vulnerability-stress 75 vulnerability-stress model 77, 85 x-ray images of brain 113 xenon 115