Training Course on Medical Preparedness and Response for a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency Pre- Test - BASIC Name Date. (dd/mm/yyyy) Circle the correct answer(s). 1. Delayed effects of radiation exposure may include (any combination): a) Fibrosis b) Cataract formation c) Carcinogenesis d) Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) 2. What are the examples of health effects directly caused by ionising radiation? a) Anxiety, depression b) Radiation burns c) Heart attack 3. The first priority in the response to radiological accidents is to: a) Assess the long-term impact of the accident b) Save lives and then limit the spread of contamination c) Stay as far away as possible 4. Resurveying after decontamination procedures is necessary because: a) It is useful information for liability protection b) It establishes the acceptable levels of contamination c) It determines if additional decontamination is necessary d) It provides good information for future training programs 5. The difference between a contaminated and an irradiated individual is: a) The irradiated individuals does not emit radiation
b) The contaminated individual is impossible to clean c) The contaminated individual will always have internal contamination d) There is no difference 6. The biological effects of ionising radiation are: Circle correct answer(s) a) Stochastic effect has threshold dose b) Nerve cells are more radiosensitive than stem cells c) Indirect action of ionising radiation is the only mechanism of DNA damage d) Effective dose is the sum of weighted equivalent doses in all exposed organs and tissues of the body 7. The absorbed dose is: a) Amount of cell damage to biological tissue b) Energy imparted to unit mass of tissue c) Amount of medication prescribed by a physician 8. Anti-contamination clothing protects against: a) Skin contamination b) External radiation exposure c) Internal contamination 9. Which below is an example of deterministic effects due to radiation? a) Hereditary effects b) Heart attack c) Acute radiation syndrome 10. One of the earliest symptoms of a 2 Gy acute whole body exposure (penetrating radiation) is: a) Infection b) Bleeding c) Vomiting d) Epilation (hair loss)
11. Exposure pathway in case of sealed source is: a) Inhalation b) External gamma radiation c) External beta radiation from radioactive material deposited on the skin 12. The priority in the treatment of a radiation accident victim is to: a) Treat life threatening injuries b) Decontaminate the victim c) Provide stable iodine prophylactic 13. Which sample should be collected first to detect inhalation of radioactive materials? a) Urine and faeces b) Hair c) Nasal swabs d) Mouth swabs e) Blood 14. Psychological effects are usually associated with: a) Dose to the brain b) Risk perception c) Lifestyle 15. A person exposed to external radiation source: a) Does not present any radiation risk for the medical personnel b) May present significant radiation risk for the medical personnel c) Presents radiation risk for the medical personnel. 16. Which blood cell is used for clinical dose estimation within the 48 hours after exposure? a) Erythrocytes b) Thrombocytes c) Lymphocytes
d) All of the above 17. Select the choice that is NOT correct for a whole body counter: a) Can detect gamma and high energy beta radiations b) Is very sensitive c) Provides a direct measurement of internally deposited radionuclides in most case d) Can easily discriminate between internally and externally deposited radionuclides 18. Which of the following is most likely a direct and early effect of radiation exposure? a) Psychological effects b) Deterministic effects c) Stochastic effects d) Brain damage 19. Iodine thyroid blocking as a counter-measure for a nuclear release would most likely be administered as: a) KI tablet b) Iodized bread c) Iodized salt d) Potassium perchlorate e) Lugol solution 20. Objective of the response to a radiological emergency includes: a) Mitigate the accident at its source b) Reduce the risk of serious deterministic health c) Reasonably reduce the risk of stochastic effects (cancers and genetic effects) d) All of the above
Training Course on Medical Preparedness and Response to a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency Review- Test - BASIC Name Date. (dd/mm/yyyy) Circle the correct answer(s). 1. Delayed effects of radiation exposure may include (any combination): a) Fibrosis b) Cataract formation c) Carcinogenesis d) Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) 2. Which below is an example of health effects directly caused by ionising radiation? a) Anxiety, depression b) Radiation burns c) Heart attack 3. The first priority in the response to the radiological accidents is to: a) Assess the long-term impact of the accident b) Save lives and then limit the spread of contamination c) Stay as far away as possible 4. Resurveying after decontamination procedures is necessary because: a) It is useful information for liability protection b) It establishes the acceptable levels of contamination c) It determines if additional decontamination is necessary d) It provides good information for future training programs 5. The difference between a contaminated and an irradiated individual is: a) The irradiated individuals does not emit radiation b) The contaminated individual is impossible to clean
c) The contaminated individual will always have internal contamination d) There is no difference 6. The biological effects of ionising radiation are: Circle correct answer(s) a) Stochastic effect has a threshold dose. b) Nerve cells are more radiosensitive than stem cells c) Indirect action of ionising radiation is the only mechanism of DNA damage d) Effective dose is the sum of weighted equivalent doses in all exposed organs and tissues of the body 7. The absorbed dose is: a) Amount of cell damage to biological tissue b) Energy imparted to unit mass of tissue c) Amount of medication prescribed by a physician 8. Anti-contamination clothing protects against: a) Skin contamination b) External radiation exposure c) Internal contamination 9. Which below is an example of deterministic effects due to radiation? a) Hereditary effects b) Heart attack c) Acute radiation syndrome 10. One of the earliest symptoms of 2 Gy acute whole body exposure (penetrating radiation) is: a) Infection b) Bleeding c) Vomiting d) Epilation (hair loss) 11. Exposure pathway in case of sealed source is: a) Inhalation
b) External gamma radiation c) External beta radiation from radioactive material deposited on the skin 12. The priority in the treatment of a radiation accident victim is to: a) Treat life threatening injuries b) Decontaminate the victim c) Provide stable iodine prophylactic 13. Which sample should be collected first to detect inhalation of radioactive materials? a) Urine and faeces b) Hair c) Nasal swabs d) Mouth swabs e) Blood 14. Psychological effects are usually associated with: a) Dose to the brain b) Risk perception c) Lifestyle 15. A person exposed to external radiation source: a) Does not present any radiation risk for the medical personnel b) May present significant radiation risk for the medical personnel c) Presents radiation risk for the medical personnel. 16. Which blood cell is used for clinical dose estimation within 48 hours after exposure? a) Erythrocytes b) Thrombocytes c) Lymphocytes d) All of the above 17. Select the choice that is NOT correct for a whole body counter: a) Can detect gamma and high energy beta radiations
b) Is very sensitive c) Provides a direct measurement of internally deposited radionuclides in most case d) Can easily discriminate between internally and externally deposited radionuclides 18. Which of the following is most likely a direct and early effect of radiation exposure? a) Psychological effects b) Deterministic effects c) Stochastic effects d) Brain damage 19. Iodine thyroid blocking as a counter-measure in a nuclear release would most likely be administered as: a) KI tablet b) Iodized bread c) Iodized salt d) Potassium perchlorate e) Lugol solution 20. Objective of the response to a radiological emergency, includes: a) Mitigate the accident at its source b) Reduce the risk of serious deterministic health effects c) Reasonably reduce the risk of stochastic effects (cancers and genetic effects) d) All of the above 21. Activity is defined as: a) Rate of cell growth b) Decay rate of a radionuclide c) Number of decays of a radionuclide 22. The radiological half-life is: a) 50% of the natural life of an atom b) The time required for one half of the initial number of atoms to decay c) The time required for an atom to fission in two halves
23. The range of beta particles in the air is: a) A few mm b) A few cm c) A few m 24. Cancer is associated with: a) Deterministic effects b) Stochastic effects c) Psychological effects d) Psychosocial effects 25. The probability of stochastic health effects increases with: a) Dose rate b) Dose c) Age
Training Course on Medical Preparedness and Response to a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency Answers of Pre- and Review-Test - BASIC 1. Delayed effects of radiation exposure may include (any combination): a) Fibrosis b) Cataract formation c) Carcinogenesis d) Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) 2. What are the examples of health effects directly caused by ionising radiation? a) Anxiety, depression b) Radiation burns c) Heart attack 3. The first priority in the response to radiological accidents is to: a) Assess the long-term impact of the accident b) Safe lives and then limit the spread of contamination c) Stay as far away as possible 4. Resurveying after decontamination procedures is necessary because: a) It is useful information for liability protection b) It establishes the acceptable levels of contamination c) It determines if additional decontamination is necessary d) It provides good information for future training programs 5. The difference between a contaminated and an irradiated individual is: a) The irradiated individuals does not emit radiation b) The contaminated individual is impossible to clean c) The contaminated individual will always have internal contamination d) There is no difference
6. The biological effects of ionising radiation are: Circle correct answer(s) a) Stochastic effect has threshold dose b) Nerve cells are more radiosensitive than stem cells c) Indirect action of ionising radiation is the only mechanism of DNA damage d) Effective dose is the sum of weighted equivalent doses in all exposed organs and tissues of the body 7. The absorbed dose is: a) Amount of cell damage to biological tissue b) Energy imparted to unit mass of tissue c) Amount of medication prescribed by a physician 8. Anti-contamination clothing protects against: a) Skin contamination b) External radiation exposure c) Internal contamination 9. Which below is an example of deterministic effects due to radiation? a) Hereditary effects b) Heart attack c) Acute radiation syndrome 10. One of the earliest symptoms of 2 Gy acute whole body exposure (penetrating radiation) is: a) Infection b) Bleeding c) Vomiting d) Epilation (hair loss) 11. Exposure pathway in case of a sealed source is: a) Inhalation b) External gamma radiation c) External beta radiation from radioactive material deposited on the skin
12. The priority in the treatment of a radiation accident victim is to: a) Treat life threatening injuries b) Decontaminate the victim c) Provide stable iodine prophylactic 13. Which sample should be collected first to detect inhalation of radioactive materials? a) Urine and faeces b) Hair c) Nasal swabs d) Mouth swabs e) Blood 14. Psychological effects are usually associated with: a) Dose to the brain b) Risk perception c) Lifestyle 15. A person exposed to external radiation source: a) Does not present any radiation risk for the medical personnel b) May present significant radiation risk for the medical personnel c) Presents radiation risk for the medical personnel 16. Which blood cell is used for clinical dose estimation within the 48 hours after exposure? a) Erythrocytes b) Thrombocytes c) Lymphocytes d) All above 17. Select the choice that is NOT correct for whole body counter: a) Can detect gamma and high energy beta radiations b) Is very sensitive c) Provides a direct measurement of internally deposited radionuclides in most case
d) Can easily discriminate between internally and externally deposited radionuclides 18. Which of the following is most likely a direct and early effect of radiation exposure? a) Psychological effects b) Deterministic effects c) Stochastic effects d) Brain damage 19. Iodine thyroid blocking as a counter-measure in a nuclear release would most likely be administered as: a) KI tablet b) Iodized bread c) Iodized salt d) Potassium perchlorate e) Lugol solution 20. Objective of the response to a radiological emergency includes: a) Mitigate the accident at its source b) Reduce the risk of serious deterministic health c) Reasonably reduce the risk of stochastic effects (cancers and genetic effects) d) All of the above 21. Activity is defined as: a) Rate of cell growth b) Decay rate of a radionuclide c) Number of decays of a radionuclide 22. The radiological half-life is: a) 50% of the natural life of an atom b) The time required for one half of the initial number of atoms to decay c) The time required for an atom to fission in two halves
23. The range of beta particles in air is: a) A few mm b) A few cm c) A few m 24. Cancer is associated with: a) Deterministic effects b) Stochastic effects c) Psychological effects d) Psychosocial effects 25. The probability of stochastic health effects increases with: a) Dose rate b) Dose c) Age
Training Course on Medical Preparedness and Response for a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency Pre-Test - ADVANCED Name Date. (dd/mm/yyyy) 1. Delayed effects of radiation exposure may include (any combination): a. Fibrosis b. Cataract formation c. Carcinogenesis d. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) 2. What are the examples of health effects directly caused by ionizing radiation? a. Anxiety, depression b. Radiation burns c. Heart attack 3. Exposure pathway in the case of a sealed source accident is: a. Inhalation b. External gamma radiation c. External beta radiation from radioactive material deposited on the skin 4. Which is NOT part of an emergency preparedness programme? a. Review of plans and procedures b. Table-top exercise to validate procedures c. Walkthroughs and small scale drills d. Establishing the best location for the Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) e. None of the above 5. Which is NOT a good element of an exercise?
a. Objectives must be clearly identified and communicated b. Scenario must be realistic and challenging c. Exercise control must be strict, non-intrusive and professional d. Banning journalists from observing e. Recommended improvements must be timely, tracked to completion, and tested 6. Which is an example of a similarity between radiological accidents and malicious acts involving radioactive material? a. Command and control may be under law-enforcement agency b. Directed impact to maximize harm c. Secondary threats d. Spectrum of possibilities limited only by imagination of perpetrators e. Uncommon radionuclides will likely be used. 7. The first priority in the response to the radiological accidents is to: a. Assess the long-term impact of the accident b. Save lives and then limit the spread of contamination c. Stay as far away as possible 8. The primary objective of a reception centre is: a. Decontamination b. Sheltering c. Triage d. Counseling 9. Resurveying after decontamination procedures is necessary because: a. It is useful information for liability protection b. It establishes the acceptable levels of contamination c. It determines if additional decontamination is necessary d. It provides good information for future training programs
10. The difference between a contaminated and an irradiated individual is: a. The irradiated individuals do not transfer his/her contamination b. It is impossible to clean the contaminated individual c. The contaminated individual will always have radioactive material inside the body d. There is no difference 11. Effective public information should: Circle the correct answer(s) a. In order to avoid confusion and information overload, simplify the facts even if that means providing some inaccurate information b. Only use risk comparisons that are 100% comparable to the risk faced in the actual emergency c. Provide information before it is released though some non-official channel as this will improve credibility and increase public trust d. Be open and transparent 12. Which of the following devices or therapy would not be likely to result in radioactive contamination of decedents? a. Radiological dispersal device (RDD) b. Radiation exposure device (RED) c. Nuclear Weapon d. Nuclear Medical Therapy e. External Beam Radiation Therapy 13. All of the following are differences between radiological and chemical hazards except: a. Radiation is relatively easy to detect at low levels compared to chemicals b. In contrast to chemicals, the quantity of radioactive material decreases over time c. Different types of personal protective equipment (PPE) may be required for responding to a radiological vs. a chemical emergency d. Chemical agents are more difficult to neutralize than radioactive material e. Medical emergencies with hazardous chemicals are much more common than emergencies involving radioactive material
14. The absorbed dose is: a. Amount of cell damage to biological tissue b. Energy imparted to unit mass of tissue c. Amount of medication prescribed by a physician 15. The main objective of emergency response is to: a. Prevent deterministic effects and minimize stochastic effects b. Keep the media well informed c. Ensure a cost effective use of emergency resources d. Create panic in the streets 16. Why is communicating with the media important? Circle the correct answer(s) a. Provide information to the public b. Rumour control c. Maintain credibility of response organizations d. Allow responders to focus on the response e. Reduce psychological impact 17. Where can radiological accidents potentially happen? a. Only in nuclear power plants b. Primarily in hospitals and cancer treatment centres c. Almost anywhere 18. The priority in the treatment of a radiation accident victim is to: a. Treat life threatening injuries b. Decontaminate the victim c. Provide stable iodine prophylaxis
19. Which sample should be collected first to detect inhalation of radioactive materials? a. Urine and feces b. Hair c. Nasal swabs d. Mouth swabs e. Blood 20. One of the earliest symptoms of 2 Gy acute whole body exposure (penetrating radiation) is: a. Infection b. Bleeding c. Vomiting d. Epilation (hair loss) 21. Which blood cell is used for clinical dose estimation within the 48 hours after exposure? a. Erythrocytes b. Thrombocytes c. Lymphocytes d. All of the above 22. Select the choice that is not correct for whole body counting: a. Can detect gamma and high energy beta radiations b. Is very sensitive c. Provides a direct measurement of internally deposited radionuclides in most case d. Can easily discriminate between internally and externally deposited radionuclides 23. Which of the following is most likely a direct and early effect of radiation exposure? a. Psychological effects b. Deterministic effects c. Stochastic effects d. Brain damage
24. Iodine thyroid blocking is a counter-measure for a nuclear release and would most likely be administered as: a. KI tablet b. Iodized bread c. Iodized salt d. Potassium perchlorate e. Lugol solution 25. Objectives of the response to a radiological emergency include: a. Mitigate the accident at the scene and regain control over the source b. Reduce the risk of serious deterministic health effects c. Reasonably reduce the risk of stochastic effects (cancers and genetic effects) d. All of the above
Training Course on Medical Preparedness and Response for a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency Review-Test - ADVANCED Name Date. (dd/mm/yyyy) 1. Delayed effects of radiation exposure may include (any combination): a. Fibrosis b. Cataract formation c. Carcinogenesis d. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) 2. What are the examples of health effects directly caused by ionizing radiation? a. Anxiety, depression b. Radiation burns c. Heart attack 3. Exposure pathway in the case of a sealed source is: a. Inhalation b. External gamma radiation c. External beta radiation from radioactive material deposited on the skin 4. Which is NOT part of an emergency preparedness programme? a. Review of plans and procedures b. Table-top exercise to validate procedures c. Walkthroughs and small scale drills d. Establishing the best location for the Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) e. None of the above 5. Which is NOT a good element of an exercise? a. Objectives must be clearly identified and communicated
b. Scenario must be realistic and challenging c. Exercise control must be strict, non-intrusive and professional d. Banning journalists from observing e. Recommended improvements must be timely, tracked to completion, and tested 6. Which is an example of a similarity between radiological accidents and malicious acts involving radioactive material? a. Command and control may be under the law-enforcement agency b. Directed impact to maximize harm c. Secondary threats d. Spectrum of possibilities limited only by imagination of perpetrators e. Uncommon radionuclides will likely be used 7. The first priority in the response to the radiological accidents is to: a. Assess the long-term impact of the accident b. Save lives and then limit the spread of contamination c. Stay as far away as possible 8. The primary objective of a reception centre is: a. Decontamination b. Sheltering c. Triage d. Counseling 9. Resurveying after decontamination procedures is necessary because: a. It is useful information for liability protection b. It establishes the acceptable levels of contamination c. It determines if additional decontamination is necessary d. It provides good information for future training programs
10. The difference between a contaminated and an irradiated individual is: a. The irradiated individuals do not transfer his/her contamination b. It is impossible to clean the contaminated individual c. The contaminated individual will always have radioactive material inside the body d. There is no difference 11. Effective public information should: Circle the correct answer(s) a. In order to avoid confusion and information overload, simplify the facts even if that means providing some inaccurate information b. Only use risk comparisons that are 100% comparable to the risk faced in the actual emergency c. Provide the information before it is released though some non-official channel as this will improve credibility and increase public trust d. Be open and transparent 12. Which of the following devices or therapy would not be likely to result in radioactive contamination of decedents? a. Radiological dispersal device (RDD) b. Radiation exposure device (RED) c. Nuclear Weapon d. Nuclear Medical Therapy e. External Beam Radiation Therapy 13. All of the following are differences between radiological and chemical hazards except: a. Radiation is relatively easy to detect at low levels compared to chemicals b. In contrast to chemicals, the quantity of radioactive material decreases over time c. Different types of personal protective equipment (PPE) may be required for responding to a radiological vs. a chemical emergency d. Chemical agents are more difficult to neutralize than radioactive material e. Medical emergencies with hazardous chemicals are much more common than emergencies involving radioactive material
14. The absorbed dose is: a. Amount of cell damage to biological tissue b. Energy imparted to unit mass of tissue c. Amount of medication prescribed by a physician 15. The main objective of emergency response is to: a. Prevent deterministic effects and minimize stochastic effects b. Keep the media well informed c. Ensure a cost effective use of emergency resources d. Create panic in the streets 16. Why is communicating with the media important? Circle the correct answer(s) a. Provide information to public b. Rumour control c. Maintain credibility of response organizations d. Allow responders to focus on the response e. Reduce psychological impact 17. Where can radiological accidents potentially happen? a. Only in nuclear power plants b. Primarily in hospitals and cancer treatment centres c. Almost anywhere 18. The priority in the treatment of a radiation accident victim is to: a. Treat life threatening injuries b. Decontaminate the victim c. Provide stable iodine prophylaxis
19. Which sample should be collected first to detect inhalation of radioactive materials? a. Urine and feces b. Hair c. Nasal swabs d. Mouth swabs e. Blood 20. One of the earliest symptoms of 2 Gy acute whole body exposure (penetrating radiation) is: a. Infection b. Bleeding c. Vomiting d. Epilation (hair loss) 21. Which blood cell is used for clinical dose estimation within the 48 hours after exposure? a. Erythrocytes b. Thrombocytes c. Lymphocytes d. All of the above 22. Select the choice that is not correct for whole body counting: a. Can detect gamma and high energy beta radiations b. Is very sensitive c. Provides a direct measurement of internally deposited radionuclides in most case d. Can easily discriminate between internally and externally deposited radionuclides 23. Which of the following is most likely a direct and early effect of radiation exposure? a. Psychological effects b. Deterministic effects c. Stochastic effects d. Brain damage
24. Iodine thyroid blocking is a counter-measure for a nuclear release and would most likely be administered as: a. KI tablet b. Iodized bread c. Iodized salt d. Potassium perchlorate e. Lugol solution 25. Objectives of the response to a radiological emergency include: a. Mitigate the accident at its scene and regain control over the source b. Reduce the risk of serious deterministic health effects c. Reasonably reduce the risk of stochastic effects (cancers and genetic effects) d. All of the above 26. Activity is defined as: a. Rate of cell growth b. Decay rate of a radionuclide c. Number of decays of a radionuclide 27. The radiological half-life is: a. 50% of the natural life of an atom b. The time required for one half of the initial number of atoms to decay c. The time required for an atom to fission into two halves 28. Anti- contamination clothing protects against: a. Skin contamination b. External radiation exposure c. Internal contamination
29. Cancer is associated with: a. Deterministic effects b. Stochastic effects c. Psychological effects d. Psychosocial effects 30. The probability of stochastic health effects increases with: a. Dose rate b. Dose c. Age 31. Main factors in determining the radiation hazard to people exposed to radiation are: a. Radiation type, contamination and exposure duration b. Heart condition c. Total accumulated dose before the accident 32. A fully clothed, heavily contaminated patient in hemorrhagic shock arrives via ambulance. What should be done first? a. Quickly flush off contaminants b. Treat for shock c. Survey and record contaminated areas d. Monitor to determine need for radiation protection 33. Which of the following statements is NOT true: a. Psychological effects cannot be caused by protective actions b. Psychological effects can be reduced by good communication c. Psychological effects should be a priority in some types of emergencies
Training Course on Medical Preparedness and Response for a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency Review-Test Answers - ADVANCED 1. Delayed effects of radiation exposure may include (any combination): a. Fibrosis b. Cataract formation c. Carcinogenesis d. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) 2. What are the examples of health effects directly caused by ionizing radiation? a. Anxiety, depression b. Radiation burns c. Heart attack 3. Exposure pathway in case of a sealed source is: a. Inhalation b. External gamma radiation c. External beta radiation from radioactive material deposited on the skin 4. Which is NOT part of an emergency preparedness programme? a. Review of plans and procedures b. Table-top exercise to validate procedures c. Walkthroughs and small scale drills d. Establishing the best location for the Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) e. None of the above
Which is NOT a good element of an exercise? f. Objectives must be clearly identified and communicated g. Scenario must be realistic and challenging h. Exercise control must be strict, non-intrusive and professional i. Banning journalists from observing j. Recommended improvements must be timely, tracked to completion, and tested 5. Which is an example of a similarity between radiological accidents and malicious acts involving radioactive material? a. Command and control may be under the law-enforcement agency b. Directed impact to maximize harm c. Secondary threats d. Spectrum of possibilities limited only by imagination of perpetrators e. Uncommon radionuclides will likely be used 6. The first priority in the response to the radiological accidents is to: a. Assess the long-term impact of the accident b. Save lives and then limit the spread of contamination c. Stay as far away as possible 7. The primary objective of a reception centre is: a. Decontamination b. Sheltering c. Triage d. Counselling 8. Resurveying after decontamination procedures is necessary because: a. It is useful information for liability protection b. It establishes the acceptable levels of contamination c. It determines if additional decontamination is necessary d. It provides good information for future training programs
9. The difference between a contaminated and an irradiated individual is: a. The irradiated individuals do not transfer his/her contamination and emit radiation b. It is impossible to clean the contaminated individual c. The contaminated individual will always have radioactive material inside the body d. There is no difference 10. Effective public information should: Circle the correct answer(s) a. In order to avoid confusion and information overload, simplify the facts even if that means providing some inaccurate information b. Only use risk comparisons that are 100% comparable to the risk faced in the actual emergency c. Provide the information before it is released though some non-official channel as this will improve credibility and increase public trust d. Be open and transparent 11. Which of the following devices or therapy would not be likely to result in radioactive contamination of decedents? a. Radiological dispersal device (RDD) b. Radiation exposure device (RED) c. Nuclear Weapon d. Nuclear Medical Therapy e. External Beam Radiation Therapy 12. All of the following are differences between radiological and chemical hazards except: a. Radiation is relatively easy to detect at low levels compared to chemicals b. In contrast to chemicals, the quantity of radioactive material decreases over time c. Different types of personal protective equipment (PPE) may be required for responding to a radiological vs. a chemical emergency d. Chemical agents are more difficult to neutralize than radioactive material e. Medical emergencies with hazardous chemicals are much more common than emergencies involving radioactive material
13. The absorbed dose is: a. Amount of cell damage to biological tissue b. Energy imparted to unit mass of tissue c. Amount of medication prescribed by a physician 14. The main objective of emergency response is to: a. Prevent deterministic effects and minimize stochastic effects b. Keep the media well informed c. Ensure a cost effective use of emergency resources d. Create panic in the streets 15. Why is communicating with the media important? Circle the correct answer(s) a. Provide information to public b. Rumour control c. Maintain credibility of response organizations d. Allow responders to focus on response e. Reduce psychological impact 16. Where can radiological accidents potentially happen? a. Only in nuclear power plants b. Primarily in hospitals and cancer treatment centres c. Almost anywhere 17. The priority in the treatment of a radiation accident victim is to: a. Treat life threatening injuries b. Decontaminate the victim c. Provide stable iodine prophylaxis
18. Which sample should be first collected to detect inhalation of radioactive materials? a. Urine and faeces b. Hair c. Nasal swabs d. Mouth swabs e. Blood 19. One of the earliest symptoms of 2 Gy acute whole body exposure (penetrating radiation) is: a. Infection b. Bleeding c. Vomiting d. Epilation (hair loss) 20. Which blood cell is used for clinical dose estimation within the 48 hours after exposure? a. Erythrocytes b. Thrombocytes c. Lymphocytes d. All of the above 21. Select the choice that is not correct for whole body counting: a. Can detect gamma and high energy beta radiations b. Is very sensitive c. Provides a direct measurement of internally deposited radionuclides in most case d. Can easily discriminate between internally and externally deposited radionuclides 22. Which of the following is most likely a direct and early effect of radiation exposure? a. Psychological effects b. Deterministic effects c. Stochastic effects d. Brain damage
23. Iodine thyroid blocking is a counter-measure in a nuclear release and would most likely be administered as: a. KI tablet b. Iodized bread c. Iodized salt d. Potassium perchlorate e. Lugol solution 24. Objectives of the response to a radiological emergency include: a. Mitigate the accident at the scene and regain control over the source b. Reduce the risk of serious deterministic health c. Reasonably reduce the risk of stochastic effects (cancers and genetic effects) d. All of the above 25. Activity is defined as: a. Rate of cell growth b. Decay rate of a radionuclide c. Number of decays of a radionuclide 26. The radiological half-life is: a. 50% of the natural life of an atom b. The time required for one half of the initial number of atoms to decay c. The time required for an atom to fission in two halves 27. Anti- contamination clothing protects against: a. Skin contamination b. External radiation exposure c. Internal contamination
28. Cancer is associated with: a. Deterministic effects b. Stochastic effects c. Psychological effects d. Psychosocial effects 29. The probability of stochastic health effects increases with: a. Dose rate b. Dose c. Age 30. Main factors in determining the radiation hazard to people exposed to radiation are: a. Radiation type, contamination and exposure duration b. Heart condition c. Total accumulated dose before the accident 31. A fully clothed, heavily contaminated patient in hemorrhagic shock arrives via ambulance. What should be done first? a. Quickly flush off contaminants b. Treat for shock c. Survey and record contaminated areas d. Monitor to determine need for radiation protection 32. Which of the following statements is NOT true: a. Psychological effects cannot be caused by protective actions b. Psychological effects can be reduced by good communication c. Psychological effects should be a priority in some types of emergencies