Experiment 1 Examining Skin, Bones and Muscle Histology Experiment Inventory Skin Digital Slide Images Cortical (Compact) Bone Digital Slide Image Trabecular (Spongy) Bone Digital Slide Image Cardiac Muscle Digital Slide Image Skeletal Muscle Digital Slide Image Smooth Muscle Digital Slide Image EXPERIMENT 1: EXAMINING SKIN, BONES AND MUSCLE HISTOLOGY The primary component of the integumentary system, skin, is a large organ that provides protection to the body. Muscles and bones are located beneath the skin and enable movement, structure, as well as providing the body protection. In this experiment, you will observe the structure and function of cells in the integumentary, skeletal, and muscular systems. Note: All images are located at the end of the procedure. PROCEDURE PART 1: THE SKIN 1. Observe the digital slide picture of the human skin at 100X, 400X, and 1000X. 2. Note the locations of the epidermis, dermis, dermal papillae, and the sweat glands. Note that fat cells that comprise the subcutaneous layer. PART 2: INVESTIGATING CORTICAL (COMPACT) VS. TRABECULAR (SPONGY) BONE 1. Examine the digital slide images of the cortical (also referred to as compact) and trabecular (also referred to as spongy) bone. 2. Be sure to read through and locate all of the labeled features. PART 3: MUSCLE STRUCTURE 1. Examine the digital slide images of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle. 2. Again, review all of the labels and annotations presented with each image.
Figure 7: Human skin 100x. Figure 8: Human skin 400x. The stratum corneum contains primarily keratinized cells. Dermal papillae can form ridges that aid in gripping (fingerprints).
Figure 9: Human skin (A) 1000x. The layers of the epidermis can be distinguished. The keratinocytes of the stratum granulosum contain dark staining granules. Figure 10: Human skin (B) 1000x. Enlargement of a hair follicle located in the dermis. The keratinized hair root and the hair matrix (region of cell division) are enclosed by the hair follicle.
Figure 11: Cortical bone (compact bone) 100x. Cylindrical units called osteons are notable in cortical bone. Figure 12: Cortical bone (compact bone) 1000x. Osteocytes, mature bone cells, are located in cavities called lacunae. Canaliculi provide passageways for nutrients traveling to the osteocytes.
Figure 13: Trabecular bone (spongy bone) 100x. Marrow fills the internal cavities found in trabecular bone. Figure 14: Trabecular bone (spongy bone) 1000x.
Figure 15: Cardiac muscle (A) 100X. Note the branched structure. Figure 16: Cardiac muscle tissue 1000X.
Figure 17: Cardiac muscle (B) 100X. Cardiac muscle is well known for its location and striations. It is only found as a component of the heart walls. They are branched in structure and possess one nucleus (as opposed to skeletal muscle, which is cylindrical in shape and multi-nucleated). Cardiac muscle also possesses intercalated discs, which hold the cardiac muscle fibers together when the heart contracts.
Figure 18: Skeletal muscle 100X. The multinucleated skeletal muscle fibers run parallel to each other. Figure 19: Skeletal muscle 1000X. Striations resulting from the arrangement of contractile proteins that run perpendicular to the muscle fiber.
Animal Structure Figure 20: Smooth muscle tissue 100X. Smooth muscle tissue surrounds the gastrointestinal tract and helps it contract. Similarly, it also helps blood vessels contract and push blood through the circulatory system. Figure 21: Smooth muscle tissue 1000X. These cells can be described as spindle-shaped. Note the elongated ends of the cells.
Data Sheet Experiment 1 Data Sheet Label the slide image of human skin. Figure 22: Human Skin 400x Sketch a drawing of any bone in the human body and label the compact and spongy regions.