Hope you all had a wonderful weekend! Today we are finally getting into Genetics! To prepare for class today, please do the following: Grab one of the activity worksheets off the front table.
Widow s Peak Straight Left on top Right on top No dimples Dimples Folding Tongue
Autosomal chromosomes all chromosomes except sex chromosomes Autosomal chromosomes + sex chromosomes = 23 pairs of chromosomes
Father of modern genetics Monk in mid-1800s Documented inheritance in peas Used mathematical analysis Collected & counted peas
Collected data for 7 different traits found in peas
The 2 alleles for a trait separate when gametes (sperm or egg) are formed in meiosis TT Diploid: have all chromosomes Alleles: types of genetic traits T T haploid: have ½ of chromosomes
Every individual receives one copy of each gene from both parents Father TT T = Tall allele t = short allele Mother tt T T sperm t t egg Tt
? Some traits mask others EX: If purple and white flower mate the offspring were either purple or white. Not a blend. Dominant Trait that masks alleles Represented by a capital letter Recessive Trait that WON T be expressed if paired with a dominant Represented by a lower case letter
Genotype: the genetic makeup Cannot see with naked eye EX: BB or Bb or bb Phenotype: the observable characteristic that results from the genotype EX: BB = brown hair or bb = blonde hair
Homo = same Hetero = different Heteozygous Bb Homozygous Dominant: BB Recessive: bb
Tool used to determine the probability of traits for the next generation Ratio Expression that compares quantities relative to each other Genotypic ratios Compare all possible genotypes BB : Bb : bb Phenotypic ratios Compare those that display dominant trait vs recessive trait Brown hair : blonde hair
B = purple b = white Genotypic ratio: Phenotypic ratio:
First Parent: Rr R r Second Parent: Rr Genotypic ratio: R RR Rr RR : Rr : rr Phenotypic ratio: Round : wrinkled r Rr rr
Homozygous Dominant X Homozygous Recessive G yellow seed g green seed Genotypic ratio: Phenotypic ratio:
Homozygous recessive X Heterozygous T tall t - short Genotypic ratio: Phenotypic ratio:
Heterozygous X Homozygous dominant B brown fur b black fur Genotypic ratio: Phenotypic ratio:
Today is Thursday! We are that much closer to our three day weekend! Woo hoo! To prepare for class today: Get out a sheet of lined paper If you don t have any I have some up on the front table for you.
P generation = parent generation Pure bred homozygous dominant or recessive F1 generation = p generation s offspring Always heterozygous F2 generation = self pollination offspring of F1 generation Will see a 1 : 2 : 1 genotypic ratio
Bb x bb Phenotypic ratio: Genotypic ratio: B = Brown hair b = Blonde hair
TT x tt Phenotypic ratio: Genotypic ratio: T = Tall t = Short
Yy x YY Phenotypic ratio: Genotypic ratio: Y = Yellow peas y= Green peas
Heterozygous x Heterozygous Phenotypic ratio: Genotypic ratio: R = Round peas r = Wrinkled peas
Link is on Schoology Follow the directions on the left hand side and answer the questions for that set of instructions on the right hand side
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RrYy x RrYy R = Round r = Wrinkled Y=Yellow y = Green
RY Ry ry ry RY Ry ry ry RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy RRYy RRyy RrYy RRyy RrYY RrYy rryy rryy RrYy Rryy rryy rryy RrYy x RrYy R = Round r = Wrinkled Y=Yellow y = Green
RRYY x RrYy R = Round r = Wrinkled Y=Yellow y = Green
Rryy x rryy R = Round r = Wrinkled Y=Yellow y = Green
R = Round G = Green r = Wrinkled g = Yellow RRGg x Rrgg Phenotypic ratio: Genotypic ratio:
Things are about to get tricky!
When two traits assort independently Use two factor crosses to determine the outcome of offspring
Hope you all enjoyed your three day weekend! Today you are taking your Meiosis & Sexual Reproduction Quiz! Please take some time to look over any materials. Hold on to your Babies in Bikini Bottom homework until after the quiz
1. Hand your quiz to me 2. Grab one of the pieces of lined paper off the front table (or use your own) 3. Draw 2 Punnett Squares (4 boxes) and 2 Dihybrid Crosses (16 boxes) 4. Get out your Babies in Bikini Bottom Homework
bb x Bb B = Brown hair b= Blonde hair Phenotypic ratio: Genotypic ratio:
Bb x Bb B = Brown hair b= Blonde hair Phenotypic ratio: Genotypic ratio:
RRGg x Rrgg R = Round G = Green r = Wrinkled g = Yellow
rrgg x RrGG R = Round G = Green r = Wrinkled g = Yellow
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The basics of genetic are simple but it is not as perfect as one or the other in most cases
The phenotypic expression of an allele that is related to the sex of the individual X linked traits are most common More genes on X chromosome than on Y
In men (XY) the allele on the X chromosome will determine what type of trait will be expressed B = normal vision b = color blind vision
There are different types of colorblindness Deutan: Red green colorblindness where green cones do not detect enough green greens, yellows, oranges, reds, & browns may appear similar Protan: Red green colorblindness where red cones do not detect enough red Green, yellows, oranges, reds & browns appear similar Difficult to tell difference b/w blues & purples and pinks Tritan: loss of color discrimination for shades of blue & yellow Can be caused by age, genetics, or exposure to toxins
Are you colorblind?
Hybrids have an in between appearance RR = red rr = white Rr = pink
Parents with two homozygous dominant genotypes but different phenotypes Produce offspring with a third phenotype where both parental traits appear together
Human Blood type 3 versions: A, B, O A & B are codominant Both A & B are dominant over O The genes code for different sugars on the surface of red blood cells
AO x AB
! This week is already flying! Today we will be participating in activities to have some fun learning about Codominance in Human Blood Types! To prepare for today please do the following: 1. Please grab one of the worksheets off the front table 2. Get out your Chapter 12 Vocab to be checked! 3. If you see your name on the whiteboard, please see me in the hallway get your quiz and take it ASAP!
Use the link on Schoology to complete this activity. Each block on the left hand side will provide you instructions to answer the block on the right side You will have 40 minutes to complete this assignment. When you re finished please place in the turn in bin
Who killed Ernie?
Measure out 2mL of blood into each test tube Take a full pipette of each of the anti serums (plastic cups) and place in the CORRECT test tube. Swirl the test tube around and let it sit for 1 minute Identify the station s blood type.
Rinse AND dry all test tubes CAREFULLY! Rinse AND dry graduated cylinder CAREFULLY! Make sure everything is set up the way you found it!
It s Friday!!!! Our next three day weekend has arrived! Today we are going to be finishing up our genetics notes and do a pedigree study using nicotine addiction! Yay! Please get out a piece of paper to take notes on (no I don t have notes sheets yet.. I m sorry!) and be ready to move because new seats today!!!!
Your Chapter 12 Vocab to be checked! Place your Extra Credit into the turn in bin!
, The genes we have covered so far only affect one trait Most genes can affect many traits Dwarfism Gigantism
, Polygenic inheritance Additive effects of many genes to create one observable trait Humans Skin color Height Weight Eye color Intelligence behaviors
A pedigree is a chart of the genetic history of family over several generations. Scientists or a genetic counselor would find out about your family history and make this chart to analyze.
What does a pedigree chart look like?
Female Male
Affected or have a certain trait Deceased or or
Examples of connected symbols: 1. Married Couple #1 2. Offspring 3. Siblings #2 #3
Determine whether the disorder is DOMINANT or RECESSIVE. DOMINANT Every affected person has at least one affected parent Each generation will have affected individuals
RECESSIVE Individual expressing trait has 2 normal parents Two affected parents can not have an unaffected child if the trait is recessive.
Will have another symbol: or Can be dominant or recessive
Clues regarding family members Put together a pedigree of their family with this information. REMEMBER: Addiction = enslaved to a habit or practice Good Luck!