3.2 Organ Systems
Organs and Systems Organ: a combination of several types of tissues working together to perform a specific function System: a group of tissues and organs that perform specific functions
The Body s Organization With respect to complexity, the human body is organized from: CELLS TISSUES ORGANS SYSTEMS
Human Organ Systems a group of tissues that work together to perform a job your body has 11 organ systems that keep you alive and healthy Diagram 3.2-1
Integumentary System Skin, hair, nails, glands Covers and protects body Glands help control body temperature Skeletal System Bones, cartilage Supports body Allows movement Protects the body Muscular System Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle, tendons, ligaments Works with skeletal system to provide movement Moves materials within the body
Digestive System Mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, gall bladder, liver, intestines, rectum Ingestion Digestion Absorption of nutrients Elimination of solid wastes Respiratory System Nose, mouth, trachae, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm Exchange of gases
Circulatory System Heart, blood vessels, blood Transporation of materials (such as oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and wastes) within the body Nervous System Brain, nerves, spinal cord controls bodily functions coordinates responses and activities Endocrine System Glands (pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid, adrenals), pancreas, ovaries and testes controls growth and development controls metabolism
Excretory System Skin, kidney, bladder, ureter, urethra elimination of wastes Reproductive System Ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, uterus (in females) Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, penis, urethra (in males) reproduction Lymphatic System White blood cells, thymis, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels protects body from disease circulates fluid called lymph absorbs and transports fats
Skin Animal Organs The largest organ in your body. Functions: Protects the inner cells from damage Acts as a defence against disease organisms Insulates/releases heat Excretes bodily waste.
Two layers: Epidermis outer protective layer made up of epithelial tissue. prevents bacteria and viruses from entering the body makes vitamin D when the skin is exposed to UV radiation, needed for bone development. Dermis inner layer of the skin made up of connective, nervous, and muscle tissue. connective tissue provides structure and support blood and blood vessels regulate body heat by dilating to release heat, or constricting to prevent heat loss. pores in the skin secrete sweat adipose tissue (layers of fat) provide insulation and protection. nerves sense pain, pressure, heat, and cold and send information to the brain muscle tissue in the dermis is responsible for goosebumps
VIDEO: Circulatory & Respiratory Systems - CrashCourse Biology #27 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fxm85fy4sq VIDEO: The Digestive System: CrashCourse Biology #28 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s06xzakqelk VIDEO: The Excretory System: From Your Heart to the Toilet - CC Biology #29 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wtryotjyvtu VIDEO: The Skeletal System: It's ALIVE! - CrashCourse Biology #30 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rw46rqkwa-g VIDEO: Big Guns: The Muscular System - CrashCourse Biology #31 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqy0i1kxuo4 VIDEO: Your Immune System: Natural Born Killer - Crash Course Biology #32 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cevtpdjjbpu VIDEO: Great Glands - Your Endocrine System: CrashCourse Biology #33 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvrlhh14q3o VIDEO: The Reproductive System: How Gonads Go - CrashCourse Biology #34 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7rsh2loiy8
The Circulatory System Organ system made of the heart, blood vessels, blood absorbs and transports nutrients and oxygen to cells carries wastes to the organs responsible for eliminating them from the body Diagram 3.2-4
The Circulatory System: The Heart The heart is the organ that pumps the blood throughout the body. The four chambers of the heart are the left and right atriums and the left and right ventricles. Valves in the heart make sure the blood always goes the right way
The Circulatory System: Arteries and Veins Arteries carry blood from the heart to all body parts. Veins carry blood from body parts back to the heart. Capillaries are extremely small, allow oxygen to diffuse from blood into cells, Diagram 3.2-5
Circulation the heart pumps blood to lungs oxygen goes into blood, carbon dioxide leaves Blood travels through arteries and capillaries and gives oxygen to cells, wastes are carried away Blood returns to the heart through veins
The Circulatory System: Disease the most common causes of circulatory system disease are hypertension (high blood pressure) and arteriosclerosis (thickening of the walls of the arteries) each can cause blood clots to form heart attack occurs when there is a blocked blood vessel in the heart stroke occurs when there is a blockage in a blood vessel in the brain Healthy (left) versus clogged (right) arteries.
The Respiratory System air is inhaled, and O 2 is extracted and absorbed by the blood CO 2 leaves the blood and is exhaled Diagram 3.2-6
The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange gas exchange (CO 2 /O 2 ) between the respiratory and circulatory systems occurs in the alveoli Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that allows oxygen to attach to molecules Diagram 3.2-7
The Respiratory System: Disease the most common cause of respiratory disease is cigarette smoking the chemicals present in cigarette smoke damage the lung s ability to exchange gases
The Digestive System breaks down food (mechanically and chemically) in order to release nutrients that the body s cells can absorb and use Diagram 3.2-2
MOUTH Teeth/tongue - break food down (physical digestion) Saliva also break down food chemically (chemical digestion)
Esophagus FUNCTION: connects the mouth with stomach muscles contract to slowly move the food down a process called peristalsis
Stomach FUNCTION: stomach breakdowns food chemically Holds/churns the food physical digestion Nerves tells us we are full or hungry
Small Intestine Long (6 metres) and thin FUNCTION: Absorption****: nutrients diffuse into the bloodstream blood delivers nutrients to cells in our body
Liver Produces bile which breaks down fat bile delivered to small intestine FUNCTION: Removes toxins from blood
Gall Bladder FUNCTION Stores bile produced by the liver (used in S.I.)
FUNCTION: Secretes enzymes into the small intestine Regulates blood sugar levels produces insulin Pancreas
Large Intestine Short (1.5 m) and wider FUNCTION: Absorbs water and vitamins into bloodstream Remainder à sent to rectum (stores feces) Feces released through the anus
Interesting Fact Food is in your digestive system for at least 24 hours, and can be there up to 3 days http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7xkynz9as0
Heartburn Acidic fluid from your stomach backs into your esophagus due to eating too fast, heavy stress, some other emotions The stomach is used to the acid and has a thick layer of mucus to protect it the esophagus does not so we get a burning sensation We use antacids (e.g. TUMS) to neutralize the acid and lessen the effects (remember
Eating Spoiled Food Our body recognizes the presence of toxins/poisons or bacteria and its reaction is to get rid of them fast! Our digestive tract attempts to remove these toxins through vomiting or diarrhea
Section 3.2 Review Things you should know: 11 human organ systems interact to perform essential tasks the components of the digestive system and their functions the components of the circulatory system and their functions the components of the respiratory system and their functions
Homework Read p. 93-106 Complete 3.2 Worksheets Animal Systems Working Together Sheet Human Organ Systems Sheet Labelling Respiratory/Digestive Systems **UNIT TEST Mon.June 6/16**