L E E S N S ON 2 O T I : UN Managing Diabetes Appendix
UNIT ONE LESSON 2 Real-Life Problem Solving ANSWERS TO POWERPOINT QUESTIONS Troy was diagnosed with diabetes six months ago after a hike in the Red River Gorge ended up in a visit to a local hospital. His friends told him of the mountainous terrain and that he should look forward to a challenging hike. About 15 minutes into the hike Troy felt dizzy and had to rest for some time. He made several attempts to continue on the course, but each time he started to move he felt worse. Two of his friends decided to take him to the nearest hospital. After several tests over a two-day period, he was told that he had diabetes. He took the news in stride and with the encouragement of family and friends he made the decision that he will beat the disease. He realized that there is so much he needs to learn about diabetes, including how to manage it. QUESTIONS: 3. WHAT ARE SOME THINGS THAT TROY NEEDS TO DO TO SOLVE HIS PROBLEM? (LIST AS MANY SUGGESTIONS AS POSSIBLE.) Troy needs to: (a) educate himself about the disease; (b) work with his doctor to set target goals for blood glucose; (c) work with a registered dietitian (RD) to create a meal plan that is suitable for him; (d) be physically active; (e) learn how to monitor his blood glucose; (f) take any medications as prescribed; and (g) find support to cope with his diabetes. 4. WHAT MIGHT BE THE BEST WAY TO SOLVE HIS PROBLEM AT THIS POINT? WHY? Allow participants to suggest any of the suggestions above as to the best way to solve Troy s problem. They should give a reason as to why they think this is the best solution. 1. WHAT IS TROY S PROBLEM? Troy has been diagnosed with diabetes. He does not have a good understanding of the disease. 2. WHY IS THIS A PROBLEM FOR TROY? The first step in managing diabetes is gaining understanding of the disease. Ingrid Adams, Ph.D. Assistant Extension Professor Nutrition and Weight Management Educational programs of Kentucky Cooperative Extension serve all people regardless of race, color, age, sex, religion, disability, or national origin.
UNIT ONE LESSON 2 Real-Life Problem Solving ANSWERS TO PARTICIPANT EVALUATION Troy was diagnosed with diabetes six months ago after a hike in the Red River Gorge ended up in a visit to a local hospital. His friends told him of the mountainous terrain and that he should look forward to a challenging hike. About 15 minutes into the hike Troy felt dizzy and had to rest for some time. He made several attempts to continue on the course, but each time he started to move he felt worse. Two of his friends decided to take him to the nearest hospital. After several tests over a two-day period he was told that he had diabetes. He took the news in stride and with the encouragement of family and friends he made the decision that he will beat the disease. He realized that there is so much he needs to learn about diabetes, including how to manage it. QUESTIONS: 1. WHAT ARE SOME BENEFITS TROY WILL SEE IF HE MANAGES HIS? Troy will: (a) have more energy; (b) be less tired and thirsty; (c) urinate less often; (d) heal better and have fewer skin or bladder infections; and (e) have fewer problems with his eyesight, feet, and gums. 2. WHAT PROBLEMS COULD TROY EXPECT IF HE DOES NOT MANAGE HIS? 3. WHAT SHOULD TROY DO TO GET THE SUPPORT OF HIS FAMILY? Troy should: (a) help them understand and learn about diabetes; (b) let them know of ways in which they can best help him; and (c) share his feelings with them. My goal to manage my diabetes is. This week I will work to accomplish my goal by. Troy could develop: (a) heart disease; (b) eye disease or retinopathy; (c) nerve problems or neuropathy; or (d) kidney disease. Troy may also need an amputation. Ingrid Adams, Ph.D. Assistant Extension Professor Nutrition and Weight Management Educational programs of Kentucky Cooperative Extension serve all people regardless of race, color, age, sex, religion, disability, or national origin.
www.yourdiabetesinfo.org NATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAM Tips to Help You Stay Healthy There are many good reasons to take action to manage your diabetes. Each day you are likely to feel good and have more energy. In the future, you are likely to stay healthy and prevent or delay problems that can involve your heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Step 1: LEARN ABOUT Follow this four-step action plan. It will help you live a long and healthy life. Diabetes means that your blood glucose is too high. Glucose comes from the food we eat. An organ called the pancreas (PAN-kree-as) makes insulin (IN-suh-lin). Insulin helps glucose get from your blood into your cells. Cells take the glucose and turn it into energy. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not make any insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the body does not make enough insulin or use it very well. As a result, glucose builds up in your blood and cannot get into your cells. If the blood glucose stays too high, it can damage your body. Adults most often get type 2 diabetes. Gestational (jes-tay-shon-al) diabetes occurs when a women is pregnant. Having it raises the mother s and her child s risk for getting diabetes, mostly type 2, for the rest of their lives. Step 2: KNOW YOUR ABC s A1C measures your average blood glucose level over the past three months. High Blood pressure (BP) makes your heart work too hard. LDL, or bad Cholesterol, builds up and clogs your arteries. HDL, or good cholesterol, helps remove cholesterol from your blood vessels. Test Goal* Check How Often? A1C below 7 Twice a year BP 130/80 Each doctor s visit Cholesterol LDL below 100 At least once a year HDL above 40 *For most people with diabetes Step 3: MANAGE YOUR Know your ABC s and blood glucose targets. Learn how and when to test your blood glucose, and how to use the results to manage your diabetes. Ask for a diabetes meal plan to help you choose healthy foods. Healthy food choices include: fruits, vegetables, fish, lean meats and poultry, dry peas or beans, and low-fat or skim milk and cheese. whole grain foods whole wheat bread and crackers, oatmeal, brown rice, and cereals. Avoid foods that have a lot of sugar, salt, and fat. Eat smaller portions of meat, fish and poultry, and larger portions of fruits and vegetables.
www.yourdiabetesinfo.org STEP 3 CONTINUED... Get 30 to 60 minutes of physical activity, such as brisk walking, on most days of the week. Seek help if you feel down. You may feel better if you talk with a mental health counselor, friend, or a support group, clergy, or family member. Stop smoking seek help to quit. Take your medicines even when you feel good. Ask if you need to take a low-dose aspirin to prevent a heart attack or stroke. Check your feet every day. Call your health care team if a cut, sore, blister, or bruise on your feet or toes does not begin to heal after one day. Brush your teeth and floss every day to avoid problems with your mouth, teeth, or gums. Report any changes in your eyesight to your doctor. WORK WITH YOUR HEALTH CARE TEAM TO CREATE A PLAN TO HELP YOU REACH YOUR SELF-CARE GOALS. Make a list of all your reasons to manage your diabetes for life. Set goals you can reach. Break a big goal into small steps. Engage the whole family in being more physically active. Stay at a healthy weight by using your meal plan and being physically active. Learn what causes you to slip up in reaching your goals. Plan how to do better next time. Reach out to friends or family for support or when you feel down. Give yourself a healthy reward for doing well. Step 4: GET REGULAR CARE Avoid problems by seeing your health care team at least twice a year to: Get your ABC tests, other exams, and yearly flu shot. Have your blood pressure, weight, and feet checked. Review your record of blood glucose self tests, your ABC numbers, and your action plan. If you have Medicare, ask what diabetes services are covered. To learn more go to: www.medicare.gov. MY ACTION PLAN TO MANAGE MY Date My Target Test Results Date A1C Blood pressure Cholesterol Three reasons to manage my diabetes for life: 1. 2. 3. Three things I will work on over the next three months to reach my self-care goals: 1. 2. 3. The people who can help me do these things (e.g., family member, friend, health care team): Place your plan where you will see it often. Keep it up to date. Take action to be healthy and control your diabetes for life now and in the future. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Diabetes Education Program is jointly sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with the support of more than 200 partner organizations. To learn more visit www.yourdiabetesinfo.org or call 1-888-693-NDEP Sandra Parker, R.D., C.D.E., Coordinator, St. Mary s Health Link Diabetes Support Team, Grand Rapids, MI reviewed this material for technical accuracy. Revised November 2007 NIH Publication No. 08-4351 NDEP-8 2