Teaching outline of Human Parasitology (Use for international students) Department of Human Parasitology Hainan Medical College Teaching Target Human Parasitology is the study of those species of the animal kingdom that cause disease in human beings. The teaching target of human parasitology is helping medical students to grasp the morphological features, life cycle and main harm of the parasites to human beings and vectorarthopods, to master the basic technology of common parasite examination and to establish foundation for clinical medicine, preventive medicine and the control of parasitic diseases. Table: Teaching contents and time assignment of Human Parasitology Teaching contents Lectures Experiments General introduction 3 Introduction to Medical Protozoa 0.5 Lobosea (amoebae) 3 3 Flagellates 3 3 Sporozoa 6 3 Introduction to Medical Helminthes 0.5 Trematodes 6 3 Cestodes 3 3 Nematodes 6 6 Introduction to Medical Arthropods 0.5 Arachnida 1.5 1.5 Insecta 3 1.5 Total 36 24
Teaching contents and requirements Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Parasitology (1) Common terms about parasite: host, intermed iate host, fina l host, reservoir host, paratenic host, life cycle, infective stage, zoonosis. (2) Host-parasite relations. (3) The character istics and function of immunity to parasitic infection. (4) The epidemic links, factors and characters of parasite diseases. (5) The scope of Human Parasitology, classification of parasites and characters of parasitic nutrition and metabolism. (6) The characters of parasitic infection and diseases. (7) The dia gnosis of parasitic diseases and preventing and treating principle of parasitic diseases. (8) The current situation of parasitic diseases, progress, achievements of prevention and treatment of parasitoses. 1) Mastering contents (1) Common terms about parasite: host, intermed iate host, fina l host, reservoir host, paratenic host, life cycle, infective stage, zoonosis. (2) Host-parasite relations. 2) Familiarizing contents (1) The character istics and function of immunity to parasitic infection. (2) The epidemic links, factors and characters of parasite diseases. 3) Realizing contents (1) The scope of Human Parasitology, classification of parasites and characters of parasitic nutrition and metabolism. (2) The characters of parasitic infection and diseases (3) The dia gnosis of parasitic diseases and preventing and treating principle of parasitic diseases. (4) The current situation of parasitic diseases, progress, achievements of prevention and treatment of parasitoses. The PowerPoint will be used during the teaching activity. It needs 3 periods. Chapter 2 Medical Protozoa Introduction to Medical Protozoa
Main teaching contents and requirements 1. Master the conception of protozoa, alternation of generation, trophzoite, cyst and character istics of morphology, physiology, life cycle and pathogenesis of Medica l Protozoa 2. Realize the classification of Medica l Protozoa Lobosea (amoebae) (1) The Morphology, life cycle, pathogenecity of Entamoeba histilytica, clinica l features, clinica l form of amoebiasis and laboratory dia gnosis of amoebiasis. (2) The morphologica l differentiation between Entamoeba histilytica and other non-pathogenic amoebae in digestive tract and free living amoebae. (3) The epidemiologica l features, preventive treatment principle and drugs of amoebiasis. 1) Mastering contents (1) Master the Morphology, life cycle, pathogenecity; clinica l features ; clinica l form of amoebiasis. And laboratory dia gnosis of amoebiasis. (2) The morphologica l differentiation between Entamoeba histilytica and other non-pathogenic amoebae in digestive tract (E.coli). 2) Familiarizing contents The epidemiologica l features, preventive treatment principle and drugs of amoebiasis. 3) Realizing contents The other non-pathogenic amoebae. And free living amoebae. 3 periods. The PowerPoint will be used during the teaching activity. It needs 3 periods, experiment for Flagellates (1) The Morphology, life cycle, pathogenecity of Leishmania donovani, Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis; clinica l features, laboratory dia gnosis of kala-azar, giardiasis and trichomoniasis. (2) The epidemiologica l features, preventive treatment principle and drugs of Leishmania donovani, Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis. (3) (Study by self) : the morphology, life cycle, pathogenecity, epidemiology, preventive treatment principle of Trypanosoma. (1) Mastering contents
(2) The Morphology, life cycle, pathogenecity of Leishmania donovani, Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis; clinica l features, laboratory dia gnosis of kala-azar, giardiasis and trichomoniasis. (3) Familiarizing contents The epidemiologica l features, preventive treatment principle and drugs of Leishmania donovani, Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis. Realizing contents (study by self) : The morphology, life cycle, pathogenecity epidemiology, preventive and treatment principle of Trypanosoma. The PowerPoint will be used during the teaching activity. It needs 3 periods, experiment for 3 periods. Sporozoa (1) The genera l character istics of Class Sporozoa. (2) The Morphology (erythrocytic-sta ge), life cycle and pathogenecity of Plasmodium vivax, clinica l features, laboratory dia gnosis, preventive and treatment principle of ma laria. (3) Morphology of ring form and gametocyte of P.f ; (4) Main differentiation of morphology and life cycle among 4 species of huma n plasmod ium; (5) The immunology of plasmod ium and Prevalent; Epidemiology; preventive and treatment principle of Toxoplasma gondii. (6) Cryptosporidium, Pneumocystis carinii and other sporozoa. 1) Mastering contents (1) The genera l character istics of Class Sporozoa. (2) The Morphology (erythrocytic-sta ge), life cycle and pathogenecity of Plasmodium vivax, clinica l features, laboratory dia gnosis, preventive and treatment principle of ma laria. (3) Morphology of ring form and gametocyte of P.f. 2) Familiarizing contents (1) Main differentiation of morphology and life cycle among 4 species of huma n plasmod ium. (2) The immunology of plasmod ium and preva lent; epidemiology,; preventive and treatment principle of Toxoplasma gondii. (3) Cryptospor idium, Pneumocystis carinii and other sporozoa.. The PowerPoint will be used during the teaching activity. It needs 6 periods, experiment for 3 periods.
Requirements in theory Ciliates Realize (study by self): (1) the general characteristics of Class Ciliata; (2) the Morphology, life cycle, pathogenecity laboratory dia gnosis Epidemiology and preventive treatment principle of Balantidium coli Chapter 3 Medical helminthes Introduction to Medical Protozoa Main teaching contents and requirements 1. Master the conception of helminthes, geohelminth, biohelminth and character istics of morphology, physiology, life cycle and pathogenesis of Medica l helminthes. 2. Realize the classification of Medica l Helminthes. (1) The status of trematoda in animal kingdom. Trematodes Introduction to trematodes (2) The morphological characteristics of trematoda. (3) The common characteristics of trematoda life cycle. (4) Main parasitic species. (1) Master the common characteristics of trematoda in life cycle. (2) Master the morphological characteristics of trematoda. Lecture with multimedia teaching courseware for 0.5 period Clonorchis sinensis (1) The morphology of adult and egg (2) Life cycle and pathogenesis (3) The symptoms pathogenic diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention and treatment of clonorchiasis. (1) Master the morphological characteristics of adult and egg. (2) Master the life cycle, the pathogenesis and pathogenic diagnosis. (3) Realize the clinical manifestation, epidemic factor and preventive principles of clonorchiasis. 3 Teaching methods
Lecture with multimedia teaching courseware for 2 period, experiment for 0.5 periopd. Fasciolopsis buski (1) The morphology of adult and egg (2) Life cycle and pathogenesis (3) The symptoms, pathogenic diagnosis, Epidemiology, prevention and treatment of fasciolopsiasis (1) Master the morphological characteristics of adult and egg. (2) Master the life cycle, the pathogenesis and pathogenic diagnosis. (3) Realize the clinical manifestation, epidemic factor and preventive principles of fasciolopsiasis. Lecture with multimedia teaching courseware for 1 period, experiment for 0.5 period. Paragonimus westermani (1) The morphology of adult and egg. The lobed ovary and coiled uterus lie side by side, two lobed testes also lie side by side. (2) Life cycle. (3) The pathology of paragonimiasis. suppurative stage, cystic stage; fibrous-scar stage. (4) The clinical type: Pulmonary type, Brain type, Abdominnal type; Generalized or glandular type. (5) The diagnosis, epidemic, prevention and treatment of paragonimiasis. (1) Mster the morphological characteristics of adult and egg. (2) Master the life cycle and the pathogenesis. (3) Realize clinical manifestation, diagnosis, epidemic factor and preventive principles of paragonimiasis. Lecture with multimedia teaching courseware for 1 periods, experiment for 0.5 periods. Pagumogonimus skrjabini (1) The morphological characteristics of adult. (2) Life cycle. (3) Pathogenesis: Larval migration. (4) Diagnosis:immunological test and biopsy. (1) Mast the characteristic of life cycle, pathogenesis and diagnosis. (2) Realize the morphological characteristics of adult. 埃及血吸虫 This period is for self-study. Schistosoma (1) The morphological characteristics of adult, egg and cercaria of Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni, S. haematobium. (2) The life cycle of S. japonicum. S. mansoni, S. haematobium.
(3) The pathogenesis: granuloma formation surrounding eggs. (4) The clinical manifestation, diagnosis, epidemic factor and preventive principles of schistosomiasis. (1) Master the morphological characteristics of adult and egg of S. japonicum. S. mansoni, S. haematobium. (2) Master the characteristic of life cycle of Schistosoma. (3) Master the mechanism of pathogenesis: granuloma formation surrounding eggs. (4) Realize the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, epidemic factor and preventive principles of Schistosomiasis. Lecture with multimedia teaching courseware for 3 period, experiment for 1.5 period. (1) The status of cestodes in animal kingdom. Cestodes (tapeworm) Introduction to Cestodes (2) The morphological characteristics of cestode: scolex; neck; strobilus (immature proglottid, mature proglottid and gravid proglottid.) (3) The common characteristics of cestode life cycle; the differences between the Pseudophyllidea and Cyclophyllidea. Metacestode. (4) Main parasitic species. (1) Master the common characteristics of cestoda in life cycle. (2) Master the morphological characteristics of cestoda. (3) Realize the classification of cestodes. Lecture with multimedia teaching courseware for 10 minutes. Spirometra mansoni (1) The morphological characteristics of adult and sparganum. (2) The life cycle of Sparganosis mansoni (3) The pathogenesis of sparganum (4) Epidemic factor and preventive principles of sparganosis mansoni. (1) Master the morphological characteristics of sparganum. (2) Realize the life cycle, pathogenesis of sparganum, epidemic factor, treatment and preventive principles. Lecture with multimedia teaching courseware for 0.5 period. Experiment for 0.5 period. Taenia solium (1) The morphological characteristics of adult, cysticercus cellulosae and eggs.
(2) The life cycle of Taenia solium. (3) The pathogenesis of Taenia solium and cysticercus cellulosae. (4) The clinical manifestation, diagnosis, epidemic factor and preventive principles of taeniasis and cysticercosis. (1) Master the morphological characteristics of adult, cysticercus cellulosae and eggs. (2) Master the characteristic of life cycle of Taenia solium. (3) Master the pathogenesis of Taenia solium and cysticercus cellulosae. (4) Realize the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, epidemic factor and preventive principles of taeniasis and cysticercosis. Lecture with multimedia teaching courseware for 1 period, experiment for 0.5 period. Taenia saginata (1) The morphological characteristics of adult: compared with T. solium.. (2) The life cycle: compared with T. solium. (3) The pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemic factor, preventive principles and treatment of Taenia saginata infection. (1) Master the morphological characteristics, life cycle, pathogenesis. (2) Master the diagnosis, epidemic factor, preventive principles and treatment of Taenia saginata infection. Lecture with multimedia teaching courseware for 0.5 period, experiment for 0.5 period. Hymenolepis nana (1) Main teaching contents (1) The morphological characteristics of adult and egg. (2) The life cycle. (brief introduction) (3) The pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemic factor, preventive principles and treatment of Hymenolepis nana infection. (1) Master the morphological characteristics of egg. (2) Master the characteristics life cycle. (3) Realize the pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemic factor, preventive principles and treatment of Hymenolepis nana infection. Lecture with multimedia teaching courseware for 0.5 minutes, experiment for 10 minutes. Echinococcus granulosus (1) The morphological characteristics of adult and hydatid cyst. (2) The life cycle. (brief introduction) (3) The pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemic factor, preventive principles and treatment of Echinococcosis.
(1) Master the morphological characteristics of adult and hydatid cyst. (2) Master the characteristic of life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus. (3) Master the pathogenesis of Echinococcus granulosus. (4) Realize the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, epidemic factor and preventive principles of Echinococcosis. Lecture with multimedia teaching courseware for 0.5 period, experiment for 0.5 period. Nematodes Introduction to Nematodes (1) The status of nematode in animal kingdom. (2) The morphological characteristics of nematode. (3) The characteristics and patterns of the life cycle of nematode: soil-born nematode and organism born nematode. (4) The important nematodes. (1) Master the common characteristics of nematodes in life cycle. (2) Master the morphological characteristics of nematodes. (3) Realize the classification of nematodes. Lecture with multimedia teaching courseware for 20 minutes. Ascaris lumbricoides (round worm) 1 Main teaching contents (1) Morphology: the morphological features of adult worm, inner structure, identification of fertilized and unfertilized eggs. (2) The life cycle of roundworm and its features. (3) Pathogenicity of roundworm; larval effects (Ascaris pneumonia); adult effects (intestinal ascariasis); complications (intestinal obstruction, appendicitis, and biliary ascariasis, ect). (4) Pathogenic diagnosis, epidemiolog ical factors, preventive and treatment principle of Ascaris infection. (1) Master morphological features of roundworm adults and eggs. (2) Grasp life cycle, pathogenicity and pathogenic diagnostic methods of Ascaris. (3) Understand the epidemiolog ical factors, preventive and treatment principle of Ascaris infection. period. One period is needed for giving lecture, PowerPoint will be used. Experiment will last 1 (1) Morphology of whipworm adults and eggs. (2) The life cycle of whipworm and its features. Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)
(3) Pathogenicity of whipworm. (4) Pathogenic diagnosis, epidemiolog ical factors, preventive and treatment principle of whipworm infection. (1) Master morphological features of whipworm adults and eggs. (2) Grasp the features of life cycle, pathogenicity and pathogenic diagnostic methods of whipworm infection. (3) Understand the epidemiolog ical factors, preventive and treatment principle of whipworm infection. Lecture with multimedia teaching courseware for 0.5 period. Experimental teaching will need 0.5 period. Enterobius vermicularis ( pinworm) (1) Main teaching contents (1) Morphology adults and eggs of Enterobius vermicularis. (2) The life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis. (3) Pathogenicity of Enterobius vermicularis. (4) Pathogenic diagnosis, epidemiolog ical factors, preventive and treatment principle of pinworm infection. (2) Main teaching requirements (1) Master morphological features of adults and eggs of Enterobius vermicularis. (2) Grasp life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis; Pathogenesis and pathogenic diagnostic methods of pinworm infection. (3) Know the epidemiolog ical factors, preventive and treatment principle of pinworm infection. 3 Teaching methods The lecture will need 0.5 period, PowerPoint will be used. Experimental teaching will need 0.5 period. Ancylostoma duodenale and Nector americanus (hookworm) 1 Main teaching contents (1) Morphology: the morphological features of adult worm, inner structure, identification points of Ancylostoma duodenale and Nector americanus. (2) The life cycle of hookworm and its features. (3) Pathogenicity of hookworms. (4) Pathogenic diagnosis, epidemiolog ical factors, preventive and treatment principle of hookworm infection. 2 Main teaching requirements (1) Know well morphological features of hookworm eggs and the identification point of two hookworm adults. (2) Grasp life cycle, pathogenicity of hookworms. (3) Understand the epidemiolog ical factors, pathogenic diagnostic methods, preventive and treatment principle of hookworm infection. (1) 1.5 periods are needed for giving lecture, PowerPoint will be used. Experiment will last 1 period.
Trichinella spiralis (1) Morphology: the morphological features of Trichinella adult and new born larvae will be briefly described. The morphology of encysted larvae will be emphasized (2) The course of life cycle of Trichinella and its features. (3) Pathogenicity of Trichinella: invasive stage, larval migrant stage and encystment stage (4) Clinical manifestations of trichinellosis: intestinal stage, acute stage, and recovered stage. (5) Pathogenic diagnosis, epidemiolog ical factors, preventive and treatment principle of Trichinella infection. (1) Master morphological features of Trichinella larval encyst. (2) Grasp the features of life cycle, pathogenicity of Trichinella and clinical manifestations of trichinellosis. (3) Understand the epidemiolog ical factors, preventive and treatment principle of Trichinella infection. 1 period are needed for giving lecture, PowerPoint will be used. Experiment will last 0.5 period. Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi ( Filaria ) (1) Morphology: the morphology of adult worm of two species of filariae and microfilariae, the identification key point of two species of microfilariae. (2) The course of life cycle of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi, the same and different points of the life cycle of two species of filaria. (3) Pathogenicity and clinical manifestations. (4) Diagnosis: Pathogenic diagnosis and immunodiagnosis (5) Epidemiolog ical factors, preventive and treatment principle of filarial infection. (1) Master the morphological features and the identification point of microfilaria bancrofti and microfilaria malayi. (2) Grasp the features of life cycle and pathogenicity of filariae; pathogenic diagnostic methods of lymphatic filariasis. (3) Understand the clinical manifestation, geographic distribution, epidemiolog ical factors, preventive and treatment principle of lymphatic filarial infection. 2 periods are needed for giving lecture, PowerPoint will be used. Experiment will last 1.5 periods. Chapter 4 Medical Arthropodology Introduction to Medical Arthopodolgy (1) Concept, character of arthopods and the species of medical arthopods. (2) Harm of medical arthopods to human health. (3) Estimation of vector-arthopods.
(4) Control of medical arthopods. (1) Master concept and character of medical arthopods. (2) Grasp harmful effects of arthopods to human health. (3) Know how to judge and control vector-arthopods. 0.5 periods are needed for giving lecture, using a multimedia teaching courseware. Arachnida (1) Characters of Class Arachnida (2)Various developing stages of life cycle of ticks and the differences of hard ticks and soft ticks; the Ecology and harms to huma n of ticks (3) Morphology life cycle, pathologic dia gnosis, epidemiology, prevention and treatment of Sarcoptes scabiei. (4) The general morphological character istics; Ecology and harms to huma n; prevention and treatment principle of trombicule, gamasid and Demodex. (5) The general morphological character istics; Ecology and harms to huma n; prevention and treatment principle of dust mites (Dermatopha goides pteronyssinus and D.farinae). (1) Master characters of Class Arachnida (2) Master various developing stages of life cycle of ticks and the differences of hard ticks and soft ticks; the Ecology and harms to huma n of ticks (3) Master morphology life cycle, pathologic dia gnosis, epidemiology, prevention and treatment of Sarcoptes scabiei. (4) Realize the general morphological character istics; Ecology and harms to huma n; prevention and treatment principle of trombicule, gamasid and Demodex. (5) Realize the general morphological character istics; Ecology and harms to huma n; prevention and treatment principle of dust mites (Dermatopha goides pteronyssinus and D.farinae). 1.5 periods are needed for giving lecture, using a multimedia teaching courseware, experimental teaching for 1.5 periods. 1 Main teaching contents Insecta Mosquitoes (1) Character of Class Insecta (2) The conception of meta morphosis; complete meta morphosis; incomplete meta morphosis (3) The general morphological character istics of Mosquitoes in egg larva pupa and adult; difference of various developing stages of life cycle among Culex, Aedes and
Anopheles; The adult morphological character istics of Culex pipiens pallens, Aedes albopictus and Anopheles hyrca nus sinensis. (4) Life cycle of mosquitoes, difference of various developing stages of life cycle among Culex, Aedes and Anopheles. (5) Zoology and physiology of mosquitoes. (6) Main species of disease-transmitting mosquitoes and they transmit diseases. (1) Master charactesr of Class Insecta. (2) Understa nd the conception of meta morphosis, complete meta morphosis and incomplete meta morphosis (3) Master the general morphological character istics of Mosquitoes in egg larva pupa and adult; difference of various developing stages of life cycle among Culex, Aedes and Anopheles; The adult morphological character istics of Culex pipiens pallens, Aedes albopictus and Anopheles hyrca nus sinensis. (4) Familiarize life cycle of mosquitoes, difference of various developing stages of life cycle among Culex, Aedes and Anopheles. (5) Familiarize zoology and physiology of mosquitoes. (6) Master main species of disease-transmitting mosquitoes and they transmit diseases. 3 Teaching methods A lecture for 1 period, using a multimedia teaching courseware; experimental teaching for 0.5 period. Flies (1) The general morphological character istics of flies in egg, larva, pupa and adult. (2) Commonly found species of med ical importance; Morphological structure and ecological behavior of flies. (3) Relation to diseases; harms to human. (4) Control of flies. (1) Master the general morphological character istics of flies in egg, larva, pupa and adult. (2) Realize commonly found species of med ical importance; Morphological structure and ecological behavior of flies. (3) Master relation of flies to diseases; harms to huma n. (4) Realize control of flies. A lecture for 0.5 period, using a multimedia teaching courseware; Experimental teaching for 0.5 period. Fleas (1) Morphological structure, Life cycle and zoolog ical behavior of fleas. (2) Relation of fleas to diseases. (1) Master relation of fleas to diseases.
(2) Realize morphology and life cycle of fleas. A lecture for 0.5 period, using a multimedia teaching courseware; Experimental teaching for 20 minutes. Lice (1) Morphological structure, Life cycle and zoolog ical behavior of lice. (2) Relation of lice to diseases. (1) Master relation of lice to diseases. (2) Realize morphology and life cycle of lice. A lecture for 20 minutes, using a multimedia teaching courseware; Experimental teaching for 10 minutes Contents of Self-study:. The general morphological character istics species harms to huma n preventive and controlling principles of Sandflies, Bed bugs and Cockroaches References 1. Infectious Diseases, 2nd ed. Edited by Cohen & Powderly, Mosby, Elsevier. 2004 2. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases 6th ed. Mandell, Bennett, & Dolin. Churchill Livingstone, 2004. 3. Medical Microbiology 15th Ed. Edited by David Greenwood, Richard,Slack, John Peutherer. Harcourt Asia Pte, Ltd 1997. 4. Medical Microbiolog y 4th ed. Edited by Samuel Baron, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 1996.