Modified In School Off School Approach Modules (MISOSA) Distance Education for Elementary Schools SELF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS S C I E N C E KEEPING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM HEALTHY 4 Department of Education BUREAU OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION 2nd Floor Bonifacio Building DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue Pasig City
Revised 2010 by the Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS), DepEd Division of Negros Occidental under the Strengthening the Implementation of Basic Education in Selected Provinces in the Visayas (STRIVE). Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. This material was originally produced by the Bureau of Elementary Education of the Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines. This edition has been revised with permission for online distribution through the Learning Resource Management Development System (LRMDS) Portal (http://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/) under Project STRIVE for BESRA, a project supported by AusAID.
At the end of this lesson, you will able to: describe common ailments of the digestive system. identify ways of preventing/curing common ailments of the digestive system. A. Trace the path of food in the digestive system. The arrow ( ) shows where The food goes. Fill the blank with correct body part. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. B. Answer these questions: 1. Why should food be digested? 2. How does the body make use of the digested food? Have you ever experienced any disorder in any part of your digestive system? Which part was it? Which part was it? How did you feel? How did it affect your digestion? 1
Read and Learn More: Different organs work together to make digestion possible. If any of these organs is not in good condition, the digestive system cannot work well. Taking good care of the digestive system can help prevent ailments to happen. These ailments could have been prevented if the digestive system is healthy. Practicing health habits enable your digestive system to work well. Many people however have habits which unknown to them can cause ailments of the digestive system. An Ounce of Prevention is Worth a Pound of Cure. If is therefore important for you to learn about some common ailments that may affect parts of your digestive system and how they can be prevented. Some common ailments of digestive system are in the chart below. AILMENTS DESCRIPTION CAUSE PREVENTION TREATMENT Appendicitis Swollen and infected appendix, pain in the lower right side of the abdomen, nausea, vomiting and fever Trapped food and bacteria Eat slowly, take a rest after eating, move bowel regularly Surgery Constipation Difficulty in moving vowel Not enough water absorbed in the large intestine Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, drink plenty of water and move bowel regularly 2
Diarrhea Frequent bowel movements with watery stool Too much water absorbed in the large intestine; viral infection of by contaminated food and water Drink plenty of water, avoid foods which contains fat, fiber, and a lot of sugar AILMENTS DESCRIPTION CAUSE PREVENTIO N TREATMENT Gastric Ulcer Open sore in the stomach or duodenum Tissue eroded by too much stomach acid, acidic juices, smoking, alcohol some drugs Avoid smoking, taking large quantities of tea, coffee, alcohol and some drugs Indigestion Pain in the stomach Too much food, fear, anger, tension, presence of parasitic worms in the intestines Avoid tension, eat well and take a rest 3
Tooth decay/toothache Pain in the tooth cavities Food particles in between the teeth are acted by germs and produces acid. Acid dissolves theouter part of the tooth and forms cavity. Brush teeth every after meal. Regular visit to dentist. Gingivitis Inflammation of the gums; Redness, swelling and bleeding of the gums foods particles in between the teeth are acted by germs produces acid Food particles in between the teeth are acted by germs and produces acid Brush teeth and massage gums regularly. Gastritis Inflammation of the mucous lining of the stomach; vomiting and pain in the upper abdomen Excessive intake of certain drugs, alcohol, heavy smoking bacterial infection Regular intake of meals; avoid smoking and excessive intake of alcohol Mumps Swelling of glands and cheeks, high fever Viral infection of the salivary glands behind the jaw Vaccination 4
The way the digestive system work has something to do with your health. In order to keep your digestive system healthy and work smoothly, it is important for you know what you can do to take care of your digestive system. Learn to practice these habits: Have a balanced diet every day. The food that you eat should contain the right amount of the different nutrients needed by the body. Nutrients are chemical substances which you eat and drink in order to grow and become healthy. These include vitamins and minerals, vegetables and fruits, meat and fish products, cereals and other carbohydrates. Eat regularly and observe the proper time for eating. When buying ready to eat foods, be sure they come from covered containers. Uncovered foods are easily contaminated by bacteria or germs and harmful insects. Chew the food slowly and well. Relax while eating your meals. Do not swallow large chunks of food. Do not eat when you are angry, sad or tense. The food you take in will not be properly digested and may cause indigestion. Wash uncooked foods thoroughly before eating them. Drink about six to eight glasses of water a day. Lessen your intake of sweets during snacks. Chocolates, cakes, and candies may destroy your appetite. Take part in cheerful and relaxing conversation. It will help stimulate intestinal activity. 5
Enjoy your meal. Your teeth perform the first step in digestion. Eat food rich in calcium. Calcium helps make your teeth strong. Brush your teeth after every meal. It removes plaque that can damage the teeth. It is the sticky material that forms on teeth if you fail to brush them regularly. Visit your dentist at least twice a year or whenever you observe that a tooth is showing signs of decay. I learned that: Toothache, mumps, diarrhea and constipation are common ailments of the digestive system. Appendicitis, diarrhea, mumps, gingivitis, gastritis, and ulcer may also occur to both children and adult. The digestive system should be cared for so that it can work very well. Desirable health habits are needed to keep the digestive system healthy.. 6
A. Fibers in cereals, fruits and vegetables clean the intestines. They help prevent constipation. Write the fiber foods that you eat in one day. Copy and fill in the table in your notebook. BREAKFAST LUNCH DINNER B. Eat your meals regularly. Eating on time helps prevent hyperacidity and indigestion. Write the time you eat your meals each day. Copy and fill in the table in your notebook. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday DAYS BREAKFAST LUNCH DINNER 7
C. Make a chart showing the use of herbal medicine in preventing the following ailments. AILMENTS HERBAL MEDICINE USED 1. Diarrhea 2. Parasitic Worm (hookworm, tapeworm) 3. Indigestion 4. Constipation 5. Mumps Answer the following questions in your notebook. 1. Describe how you feel when you had stomachache or toothache. 2. Describe three common ailments of the digestive system and list down how they can be prevented. 3. Why should you chew your food well? 4. How would you show love and respect to your body especially your digestive organs? A. Write True if the sentence is correct. Write False if it is wrong. 1. The digestive system can take care of itself very well. 2. Bread and cereals help in digestion. 3. Boil water for drinking for more than 20 minutes. 4. Eat tahong and other shell foods when there is red tide. 5. See a doctor when you have a stomachache. 6. Eat more vegetables and fruits. 7. Drink plenty of water between meals. 8. Wash fruits before eating. 9. Play after eating your meal. 10. Chew your food well 8
B. Answer the following questions in your notebook. 1. How would you prevent common ailments of the digestive system? 2. What is a balanced diet? 3. What helps strengthen the teeth? 4. Why should you take care of your teeth? 5. Why do we need to know importance of herbal medicine? 9