August-September, 2018 Diabetes - the Medical Perspective Diabetes and Food Recipes to Try Menu Suggestions Pneumonia Vaccines and Diabetes Cold and flu season is upon us. Unfortunately, sometimes a cold or flu can progress to pneumonia. Pneumonia is an infection in the lungs that can make it difficult to breath. Anyone can develop pneumonia, but people with diabetes are at a greater risk from pneumonia. Higher blood glucose levels make it harder for white blood cells to fight infections. The immune system is our body s defense to fight illness. Infants and young children s immune system is not totally developed and our immune system slows down as we age. The risk of developing diabetes and other chronic illnesses increase with age. Seniors with diabetes or other chronic illnesses are at greater risk for pneumonia. Smokers, people with heart disease, chronic lung disease, and anyone receiving treatment for cancer or has had an organ transplant are also at a greater risk for pneumonia. The pneumonia bacteria can be spread through person-to-person contact such as hugging, kissing, or being coughed on. Symptoms of pneumonia include a cough producing yellow, gray or blood streaked mucus, fever, chest pain, and chills. Anyone living in close quarters like a school dormitory or nursing home increases risk of spreading the pneumonia bacteria. Keeping your blood glucose well managed is another important step in fighting infections. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that deaths related to pneumonia are dropping. This is because there are
two good pneumonia vaccines available in the United States. Prevnar 13 vaccine protects against 13 pneumococcal bacteria Pneumovax 23 vaccine protects against 23 pneumococcal bacteria Other vaccines that are recommended for individuals with diabetes: Annual flu vaccine Hepatitis B vaccine Tdap vaccine (tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis) Zoster vaccine (shingles). Only your healthcare provider can determine which vaccines may be appropriate for you and when they should be given. Diabetes and Food Eating a variety of healthy foods helps strengthen your immune system and keep your blood glucose levels well managed. The best way to manage diabetes is to understand your individual nutrition needs. One size does not fit all just because you have diabetes. It is wise to meet with a registered dietitian and certified diabetes educator to develop a diabetes eating plan specific to your needs. This is especially important when first diagnosed with diabetes, but also important for reinforcement and updating your eating plan as your needs change. Your age and activity level will determine your calorie needs. Carbohydrate intake increases blood glucose levels. For better glucose management carbohydrate intake needs to be monitored. This will help determine how much you can eat at meals and snacks and still manage your blood glucose. Healthier carbohydrates are vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. Less healthy carbohydrates are sweetened beverages, candy, desserts, and highly processed foods and foods with added sugar and fats. A diabetes educator can help you determine your carbohydrate needs. If your blood glucose is 180 mg/dl or higher two hours after a meal it may show that you are eating too much carbohydrate at the past meal, or you need to have your diabetes medication adjusted.
Recipes to Try Asian Chicken Breast Ingredients 6 servings per recipe 6 boneless chicken breast ¼ cup olive oil 2 tablespoons reduced sodium soy sauce 2 garlic cloves, crushed 1 tablespoon minced ginger 1 ½ tablespoon country Dijon mustard ¼ teaspoon salt ¼ teaspoon freshly ground black pepper Directions 1. Place chicken breast in a plastic storage bag and pound lightly with the flat side of a meat mallet. 2. Combine olive oil, soy sauce, garlic, ginger, mustard, salt, and pepper. 3. Brush chicken breast with marinate mixture. 4. Refrigerate at least for 2 hours. 5. Grill on medium-high for about 12 minutes on each side or until internal temperature of 165 Fahrenheit. Nutrition Facts per serving Calories 182 Fat 10 grams Protein 20 grams Calories from fat 90 Carbohydrate 2 grams Cholesterol 48 mg Fiber 0 grams Sodium 476 mg This and other recipes available at http://urbanext.illinois.edu/diabetesrecipes/intro.cfm
Beef Barley Soup Ingredients 7 servings per recipe 2 teaspoons canola oil 1 pound boneless beef round steak, cubed 2 carrots, sliced ½ cup onion, chopped fresh mushrooms, sliced celery, chopped 48 ounces of reduced sodium beef broth 14 ounces petite cut diced tomatoes, no added salt water 2 bay leaves ½ cup uncooked barley frozen peas Directions 1. Cook beef on medium heat in a Dutch oven for 5 minutes or until browned, stirring frequently. 2. Remove beef and set aside. Sauté onions, celery, mushrooms, and carrots until tender but crisp, about 5 minutes. 3. Add beef, broth, bay leaves, and tomatoes and bring to a boil. Cover and reduce heat to simmer. 4. Continue simmering 1 hour. Add barley and frozen peas and bring back to a boil. Reduce heat to simmer and continue cooking 30 minutes, or until barley is tender. 5. Discard bay leaves. Nutrition Facts per serving Calories 228 Fat 3 grams Protein 24 grams Calories from fat 33 Carbohydrate 22 grams Cholesterol 61 mg Fiber 5 grams Sodium 533 mg This and other recipes available at http://urbanext.illinois.edu/diabetesrecipes/intro.cfm
BREAKFAST Sample Menu Amount/ Portion Whole wheat toast 2 slices Veggie omelet 2 eggs Soft tub margarine 2 teaspoons Banana 1 small 601 Calories; 62 Grams Carbohydrates; 4 Carb choices LUNCH Beef Barley Soup 1 serving Whole wheat crackers 6 Peanut butter 1 tablespoons Green salad Herb vinaigrette salad dressing 2 tablespoons 591 Calories; 68 Grams Carbohydrates; 4 ½ Carb Choices DINNER Italian baked cod 1 serving Roasted broccoli Brown rice 2/3 cup Kiwi 1 548 Calories; 71 Grams Carbohydrates; 4 ½ Carbohydrate Choices Total: 1740 Calories, 201 Grams Carbohydrates, 13 Carb Choices Recipes from Recipes for Diabetes at http://urbanext.illinois.edu/diabetesrecipes/or this newsletter