NAME: TEST 1 ANATOMY IN SPORT SCIENCE: SEMESTER 2, 2016 TOTAL MARKS = 72 Total: /72 marks Percentage: Grade: TERMINOLOGY: The structures that connect bone to bone are called: The hip joint is to the shoulder joint. The movement type that describes when a joint angle increases is: Taking your leg out to the side is an example of what movement type? The pectoralis major is to the latissimus dorsi. Lifting your toes up towards your tibia would be an example of what movement around the ankle joint? The tissue found between bones to help cushion them is called: Rotating your hand to face down would be an example of The main muscle responsible for extension of the lower leg? Two muscle groups that would flex the hip? Hanging from a bar would be an Lowering the bar in a bicep curl would be an example of an muscle. A cyclist in the Tour de France cycle race would have mostly and contraction of the upper back muscles. muscle contraction of the twitch muscle fibres. Total marks: 15 marks MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (CIRCLE THE CORRECT RESPONSE): 1. When a muscle contracts it becomes: A/ shorter. B/ longer. C/ it stays the same length D/ all of the above. 2. The most elastic tissue type is a: A/ bone B/ tendon C/ muscle D/ ligament 3. The muscle responsible for shrugging the shoulders is the: A/ trapezius. B/ rhomboids. C/ latissimus dorsi. D/ pectoralis major.
4. Which one of the following would be the first step/process in acquiring information in sports science? A/ Making conclusions about the available information. B/ Developing a question or hypothesis. C/ Researching information from a variety of sources. D/ Analysing test results 5. Which one of the following is NOT a branch/area of sport science? A/ Physiology B/ Biomechanics C/ Psychology D/ Osteopathy 6. The Achilles tendon attaches which muscles to bone? A/ Gastrocnemius and Soleus B/ Gastrocnemius and Anterior Tibialis C/ Hamstrings and Soleus D/ Quadriceps and Hamstrings 7. The anterior cruciate ligament is within the knee joint. The main purpose of this ligament would be: A/ To provide cushioning between the femur and tibia B/ To minimise any rotational movement between the femur and tibia C/ To help lubricate the knee joint to allow smooth movement D/ To help the quadriceps provide more force during flexion of the knee Mo Farah (picture to right) is one of the all-time great middle and long distance runners, competing and achieving world records from 1500m to the marathon. Questions 8-10 relate to long distance running. 8. It would be most likely that Mo Farah would have predominately: A/ Fast-twitch muscle fibres B/ Slow-twitch muscle fibres C/ High levels of strength and power D/ Both A and C 9. As Mo is running, he straightens his leg at the knee joint just before his foot strikes the ground. This joint action would be an example of: A/ Knee extension B/ Knee flexion C/ Knee rotation D/ Knee abduction
10. As Mo s foot leaves the ground, the knee begins to bend as the heel lifts towards the gluteals. During this phase of the leg movement: A/ The hamstrings contract isometrically, and the quadriceps concentrically B/ The hamstrings contract eccentrically, and the quadriceps concentrically C/ The hamstrings contract concentrically, and the quadriceps isometrically C/ The hamstrings contract concentrically, and the quadriceps eccentrically SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS Total marks: 10 marks Question 1: The diagram to the right shows Usain Bolt performing a sprint start in his 100m event. The following questions refer to the back leg as it pushes off the starting block. A. What is the prime mover muscle during knee extension? B. What is the antagonist muscle? C. What joint action is occurring at the ankle? D. What two muscles would be agonists for extending the hip? E. What type of muscular contraction would these 2 muscles have? F. What type of muscle fibre would Usain predominately have? Total marks: 7 marks Question 2: A. Briefly explain 2 functions of the skeletal system? (2 marks) B. Name 4 bones that are part of the knee joint? (2 marks) C. Name 4 bones that protect vital organs of the body. (2 marks) D. Fill in the following table:
Type of muscle or bone Smooth muscle Irregular bone Question 3: Example Hamstrings Heart Ilium Tarsal (3 marks) Total marks: 9 marks The following questions relate to someone performing a vertical jump for maximal height (see diagram to the right). The questions below relate to the jump between position A and B (only the upward phase). Ankle: Knee: (a) What are the joint actions of the following joints: Hip: (3marks) (b) What are the following contraction types of the below muscles: Gluteus maximus: Gastrocnemius: (2marks) (c) Which muscle group would be the antagonist to the: Quadriceps: Erector spinae (lower back): (2marks) Total marks: 7 marks
Question 4: Performance analysis is a process that sport scientists use to measure and improve an athlete s performance. Using a squash forehand stroke as an example, answer the following questions. (a) Name 4 joint actions that would occur around the shoulder joint during the forehand stroke. (2 marks) (b) There are 4 steps in analysing a performance (in this case, the squash forehand). Fill in the table below, explaining and giving an example (using the squash forehand) of each step. STEP EXPLANATION/EXAMPLE 1. Analysis 2. Measurement 3. Prescription 4. Evaluation (8 marks) (c) List the 4 components of performance analysis. (2 marks) Total marks: 12 marks
Question 5 (12 marks): Label the following diagrams, with the correct terminology, next to each arrow (1/2 mark for each correct answer).
REVISION TEST 1 ANATOMY IN SPORT SCIENCE NAME: TERMINOLOGY: The structures that connect muscle to bone are called: The shoulder joint is to the hip joint. The movement type that describes when a joint angle decreases is: Lifting your arm out to the side is an example of what movement type? would now be to the chest. The hand Pointing your toes would be an example of what movement around the ankle joint? The tissue found between bones to help cushion them is called: Lifting your knee up high while standing would be an example of at the hip. Rotating your hand to face up would be an example of Straightening the leg in the follow through in a kick would be what movement at the knee joint? The main muscle group responsible for extension of the knee? The main muscle responsible for flexion of the elbow? Two main muscles that plantar flex the foot? Two muscle groups that would extend the hip? A plank would be an example of an and and muscle contraction of the abdominals. Slowly lowering a dumbbell during a bicep curl would be an example of an contraction. muscle A marathon runner would have mostly twitch muscle fibres. Another name for the prime mover muscle is the:. The four components of performance analysis are: Total marks: 24 marks SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS: 1. What are 3 functions of the skeletal system? 2. Name 3 bones making up the shoulder joint?
3. Name 3 bones that protect vital organs of the body. 4. Fill in the following table: Type of muscle Smooth muscle Example Biceps, Quadriceps Heart 5. Name the antagonist muscle/group below: a. Biceps and b. Hamstrings and c. Erector spinae and 6. On the diagram of the rower below as he pulls backward on the machine to complete a full stroke, label the types of movements occurring around the indicated joints. (4 marks) Elbow: Pull stroke Knee: Hip: Ankle: Total marks: 19 marks
ANATOMY OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM: Label the following muscles on the diagram below, using the correct terminology. (14 x ½ marks = 7 marks)
ANATOMY OF THE SKELETON: Label the following bones on the diagram below, using the correct terminology. (20 x ½ marks = 10 marks) TOTAL MARKS: 60 END OF TEST
NAME: YEAR 10 SPORT SCIENCE QUIZ 3 - BIOMECHANICS MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (Circle the correct response) Question 1 To accelerate from a standing start, a 100m sprinter would need to: A B C D minimise the friction between the spikes and the track to allow more forward force to be applied maximise the friction between the spikes and the track to allow more force to be applied backwards apply more downward force to maximise the upward reaction force from the track apply less downward force to minimise the upward reaction force from the track Question 2 Which of the following statements best describes Newton s first law of motion? A B C D The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the amount of force applied to it. The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to its momentum. An object will remain in a constant state of motion or rest unless acted on by a force. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Question 3 In long jump, athletes run in at full speed to maximise their distance. However, in a javelin throw, the athlete runs in at about ¾ of their top speed. The most likely reason they can throw further this way, would be that: A B C D they would be able to balance better during the throwing action they can lean back further to maximise the angle of release of the javelin run-up speed does not affect the distance of the throw they have more time to generate force during the last stride of the throw Question 4 Increasing the mass of a baseball bat could help to increase the distance of the hit by: A B C D increasing the surface area of the bat so that the ball is more likely to hit the centre of the bat increasing the force transferred to the ball due to a greater momentum of the bat increasing the summation of forces as the bat cannot be swung as quickly increasing the spin and lift on the ball due to a larger bat Question 5 Back spin imparted to the ball in tennis will see the ball most likely do the following in terms of its flight path: A B C D the ball will hold up more in the air, lengthening its flight time and distance the ball will dip and drop more quickly, shortening its flight time and distance there will be no change in the ball s flight path due to the application of top spin none of the above.
Question 6 The acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the amount of force used. This is an example of: A B C D Newton s first law Newton s second law Newton s third law Newton s law of conservation. Question 7 A ten-pin bowler changes his bowl from a 6kg to an 8kg bowl. The bowl now: A/ has less momentum as it is more difficult to bowl it with speed B/ requires a greater force to bowl it at the same speed C/ will knock the pins down easier due to a higher speed D/ none of the above Question 8 A basketball centre weighing 100kg collides with a guard weighing 80kg. Neither player saw the contact coming, but the centre was knocked to the floor, most likely because: A/ both players were moving at a similar speed B/ the guard was moving much faster than the centre C/ the centre had less grip on his shoes than the guard so had less friction to stay on his feet D/ none of the above. Question 9 In cricket, a fast bowler shines one side of the ball to make it smooth, and the ball begins to swing in towards the batter. This would occur mostly due to: A/ the air moving faster over the smooth side of the ball to increase the pressure B/ the air moving slower over the smooth side of the ball to decrease the pressure C/ the air moving faster over the smooth side of the ball to decrease the pressure D/ the air moving slower over the smooth side of the ball to increase the pressure Question 10 If we replaced an old tennis ball with a new tennis ball, what would you expect to happen? A/ The new tennis ball to travel faster through the air as it is more elastic B/ The old tennis ball to bounce higher due to less friction with the court surface C/ The new tennis ball to swing/move more through the air due to a greater effect of air resistance D/ The old tennis ball to bounce slower off the court surface as it has less hair END OF SECTION
Question 1 a. State Newton s First Law of Motion. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 1 mark b. Explain a specific sporting situation that demonstrates the application of Newton's First Law of Motion. Question 2 The photo illustrates the sequence of movements involved in a jump shot in basketball. a. Explain the relationship between the force applied to the ball by the player and the acceleration of the ball as it leaves his hand. Which of Newton s laws of motion does this relationship reflect? 2 marks A B C D E F 2 marks b. The jump shot in basketball involves the concept of force summation. Explain the principle of force summation, using the jump shot as an example. 3 marks
c. Acceleration can be defined as an increase in speed from one point to another (deceleration is a decrease in speed). Between which phases in the basketball jump shot (eg. A to B) would there be (refer to diagram): i) The highest rate of acceleration of the body. ii) Little or no acceleration of the body. iii) The highest rate of deceleration of the body. 3 marks Question 3 a. List three factors that influence the initial flight path (release) of a projectile eg. Throwing a ball for distance: i. ii. iii. 3 marks b. As a projectile travels through the air (eg. a discus throw in athletics), air resistance opposes its movement. What are the effects of the following on the air resistance (lift and drag) experienced by a projectile? i. A decrease in the mass of the projectile: ii. An increase in the velocity of the projectile: iii. A decrease in the surface area of the projectile: 3 marks c. Spin imparted to a projectile such as a ball also influences the flight path of the ball through the air. Label the following diagram (using the terms below) to help explain how the flight path of a spinning ball is different to one with no spin. High pressure area Low pressure area High air velocity Low air velocity Actual flight path (direction) of the ball (use an arrow to indicate). 3 marks Force
Question 4 Friction is a factor in many sports. It can be defined as the force that arises whenever one body or object moves or tends to move across the surface of another. a. Explain two different sporting examples where athletes attempt to increase friction in order to improve their performance. i. ii. 2 marks b. Explain two different sporting examples where athletes attempt to decrease friction in order to improve their performance. i. ii. 2 marks Question 5 A base-baller swapped to a lighter bat, and found he could hit the ball further. Using the principle of momentum, explain how he is able to hit the ball further. 2 marks Short answer 26 marks TOTAL MARKS: /36 END OF TEST