This article was downloaded by: 10.3.98.93 On: 16 Oct 2018 Access details: subscription number Publisher:Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG, UK CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology Quattrocchi F.L.S. Umberto G Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/b16504-8 Quattrocchi F.L.S. Umberto Published online on: 03 May 2012 How to cite :- Quattrocchi F.L.S. Umberto. 03 May 2012,G from: CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants,Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology Routledge. Accessed on: 16 Oct 2018 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/b16504-8 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR DOCUMENT Full terms and conditions of use: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/legal-notices/terms. This Document PDF may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproductions, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for an loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
G Gaertnera Lam. Rubiaceae After the German botanist Joseph Gaertner, 1732 1791 (d. Calw), physician, studied medicine at Göttingen, in 1753 received M.D. from Tübingen, traveller, botanical collector, about 1760 professor of anatomy at Tübingen, in 1768 professor of botany and natural history at St. Petersburg and Director of the Botanic Garden, his works include De fructibus et seminibus plantarum. Stuttgart, Tübingen 1788 1791 [ 1792]. His son Carl (Karl) Friedrich von Gaertner (Gärtner) (1772 1850, d. Calw, Württemberg), physician and botanist, traveller, celebrated experimental plant hybridizer, in 1796 received M.D. from Tübingen, wrote Supplementum carpologiae seu continuati operis Josephi Gaertner de fructibus et seminibus plantarum. Leipzig 1805 1807 and Versuche und Beobachtungen über die Bastarderzeugung im Pflanzenreich. Stuttgart 1849. See Jean Baptiste Antoine Pierre de Monnet de Lamarck (1744 1829), Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Botanique. Paris 1794, Jonas C. Dryander, Catalogus bibliothecae historico-naturalis Josephi Banks. London 1796 1800, Joseph P.F. Deleuze, Notice sur la vie et les ouvrages de Gaertner. in Annales du muséum national d histoire naturelle. 1 (an XI [1802]): 207 233. 1802, Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae 553. 1810, Systema Vegetabilium. Editio decima quinta 5: 21. 1819, Nova Acta Physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino- Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum Exhibentia Ephemerides sive Observationes Historias et Experimenta 18: 351, 353. 1836, Hortus Mauritianus 216. 1837, Plantarum vascularium genera secundum ordines 1: 259. 1840, Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 9: 34. 1845, Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society 1: 112. 1857, Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylaniae 2: 149. 1859, Genera Plantarum 2: 132. 1873, Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4(4): 124. 1891 and John H. Barnhart, Biographical Notes upon Botanists. 2: 22. 1965, T.W. Bossert, Biographical dictionary of botanists represented in the Hunt Institute portrait collection. 138. 1972. Gaertnera cooperi Hutch. & M.B. Moss Tropical Africa. Shrub, leaves coriaceous See Flora of West Tropical Africa [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 2: 21. 1931, Kew Bull. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 1937: 62, latine. 1937 (Leaves and stem tonic, antiseptic, for skin infections, embrocation for swellings.) Gaiadendron G. Don Loranthaceae Greek gaia the earth and dendron a tree, terrestrial, see A General History of the Dichlamydeous Plants 3: 431. 1834. Gaiadendron punctatum G. Don (Gaiadendron ellipticum (Ruiz & Pav.) Baehni ex J.F. Macbr.; Gaiadendron lanceolatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Baehni ex J.F. Macbr.; Gaiadendron macranthum Killip; Gaiadendron poasense Donn. Sm.; Gaiadendron punctatum var. puracense (Kunth) Steyerm.; Gaiadendron puracensis (Kunth) G. Don; Gaiadendron revolutum Rizzini; Gaiadendron tagua (Kunth) G. Don; Gaiadendron tagua var. reductum Rizzini; Gaiadendron tagua var. revolutum (Rizzini) Rizzini; Loranthus ellipticus Ruiz & Pav.; Loranthus lanceolatus Ruiz & Pav.; Loranthus lancifolius Poir. ex Roem. & Schult.; Loranthus punctatus Ruiz & Pav.; Loranthus puracensis Kunth; Loranthus tagua Kunth; Notanthera lanceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don; Phrygilanthus ellipticus (Ruiz & Pav.) Eichler; Phrygilanthus lanceolatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Eichler; Phrygilanthus punctatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Eichler; Taguaria punctata (Ruiz & Pav.) Raf.; Taguaria puracensis (Kunth) B.D. Jacks.; Taguaria puracensis (Kunth) Raf.) Peru. See Flora Peruviana 3: 47 48, t. 277, f. a. 1802, A General History of the Dichlamydeous Plants 3: 432. 1834, Sylva Telluriana 125. 1838, Flora Brasiliensis 5(2): 48. 1868 and Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(2/2): 375 416. 1936, Fl. Ecuador 24: 113 194. 1986 (Flowers infusion taken for cough.) in Ecuador: violeta Gaillardia Foug. Asteraceae After the French magistrate Gaillard de Charentonneau, a member of the Académie des Sciences, naturalist, 18th century patron of botany and amateur botanist; see Auguste Denis Fougeroux de Bondaroy (1732 1789), Observations sur la Physique, sur l Histoire Naturelle et sur les Arts. 29: 55. 1786, Georg Christian Wittstein, Etymologischbotanisches Handwörterbuch. 376. Ansbach 1852 and F. Boerner & G. Kunkel, Taschenwörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen. 4. Aufl. 105. 1989, Alice Stroup, A Company of Scientists. Botany, Patronage, and Community at the Seventeenth-Century Parisian Royal Academy of Sciences. Berkeley 1990. 1791
1792 Galactia P. Browne Fabaceae (Leguminosae, Phaseoleae) Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr. (Gaillardia flava Rydb.; Gaillardia gracilis A. Nelson; Gaillardia mearnsii Rydb.; Gaillardia pinnatifida var. linearis (Rydb.) Biddulph) North America. See Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 2: 214 215. 1827 (Diuretic.) Galactia P. Browne Fabaceae (Leguminosae, Phaseoleae) Greek gala, galaktos milk, possibly some species contain a milky sap or latex; see Patrick Browne, The civil and natural history of Jamaica. 290, 298. London 1756 and Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 51: 417 461. 1953, Darwiniana 16(3 4): 663 796. 1971, Nordic J. Bot. 12: 339 346. 1992. Galactia dubia DC. (Galactia dubia Schltdl.; Galactia dubia DC. var. angustata Urb.; Galactia dubia DC. var. ehrenbergii Urb.; Galactia dubia DC. var. guanicensis Urb.; Galactia dubia DC. var. typica Stehle & L. Quentin; Galactia montana Britton; Galactia striata var. tenuiflora (Klein ex Willd.) Burkart; Galactia tenuiflora (Klein ex Willd.) Wight & Arn.; Galactia tenuiflora Eggers) West Indies. Perennial climbing herb, creeping See Species Plantarum. Editio quarta 3(2): 1059. 1802, Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 2: 238. 1825, Systema Vegetabilium, editio decima sexta 3: 325. 1826, Linnaea 5: 178. 1830, Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis 1: 206. 1834, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 16(12): 324. 1889 and Symbolae Antillarum 2(2): 318. 1900, Flore de Guadeloupe et Dependances 2(2): 110. 1948, Darwiniana 16(3 4): 721. 1971, Fl. Lesser Antilles (Dicotyledoneae-Part 1) 4: 334 538. 1988, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 34(1 2): 119 122. 1999 (Leaves infusion for relieving pain in the back. Doctrine of signatures.) in English: iron weed Galactia tenuiflora (Willd.) Wight & Arn. (Galactia obcordata (Baill.) Verdc.; Galactia sericea Pers. var. phrynoides DC.; Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb. var. tenuiflora (Klein ex Willd.) Burkart; Galactia tenuiflora (Klein ex Willd.) Wight & Arn.; Galactia tenuiflora Eggers, nom. illeg.; Glycine dubia DC.; Glycine tenuiflora Willd.; Glycine tenuiflora Klein ex Willd.; Teramnus obcordatus Baill.; Teramnus tenuiflorus (Klein ex Willd.) Spreng.) India, SE Asia, Papua New Guinea. Perennial non-climbing herb, trailing, vine, liana, procumbent, scrambling, climber, standard mauve and white, blackish linear pods See Species Plantarum. Editio quarta 3(2): 1059. 1802, Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 2: 238. 1825, Systema Vegetabilium, editio decima sexta 3: 325. 1826, Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis 1: 206. 1834, Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Paris 1(48): 382. 1883 and Pflanzenr. (Engler) Menispermac. 276. 1910, Reinwardtia 5 (4): 419 456. 1960, Kew Bulletin 24(2): 283. 1970, Darwiniana 16(3 4): 721. 1971, Glycoconjugate Journal 11(5): 443 461. 1994, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 4(11): 1979 1988. 1996, Glycoconjugate Journal 13: 263 271. 1996, Chemistry A European Journal 11(10): 3032 3038. 2005 (Tuber mixed with those of Pueraria mirifica Airy Shaw & Suvat. (Pueraria candollei Benth. var. mirifica (Airy Shaw & Suvat.) Niyomdham) and Stephania pierrei Diels, and honey, made into pills and taken as rejuvenator.) in China: ru dou in India: bana kotlaha Galanthus L. Alliaceae (Amaryllidaceae, Liliaceae) Greek gala, galaktos milk and anthos flower, from the colour of the flowers. Galanthus nivalis L. (Chianthemum nivale (L.) Kuntze; Galanthus alexandri Porcius; Galanthus imperati Bertol.; Galanthus melvillei Voss; Galanthus montanus Schur; Galanthus nivalis f. pictus K. Malý; Galanthus nivalis f. pleniflorus P.D. Sell; Galanthus nivalis var. atkinsii Mallett; Galanthus nivalis var. carpaticus S.S. Fodor; Galanthus nivalis var. hololeuca Celak.; Galanthus nivalis var. majus Ten.; Galanthus nivalis var. minus Ten.; Galanthus nivalis var. scharlockii Casp.; Galanthus scharlokii (Casp.) Baker; Galanthus umbricus Dammann) Europe. See Species Plantarum 1: 288. 1753, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., VII, 3: 198. 1891 and Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 54: 302. 1904, Stern, F.C. Snowdrops and Snowflakes A Study of the Genera Galanthus and Leucojum. London. 1956, Acta Facultatis Rerum Naturalium Universitatis Comenianae, Botanica 23: 1 23. 1974, Acta Facultatis Rerum Naturalium Universitatis Comenianae, Botanica 28: 95 104. 1978, Taxon 29: 713 714. 1980, Frohne, D., Pfander, H.J. A Colour Atlas of Poisonous Plants. Wolfe Publishing Ltd., London. 1983, Ukrayins k. Bot. Zhurn. 40(5): 32. 1983, Botaničeskij Žurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 73: 1358 1359. 1988, Botaničeskij Žurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 76: 957 971. 1991, Regnum Veg. 127: 48. 1993, International Organization of Plant Biosystematists Newsletter 24: 15 19. 1995, Amer. J. Bot. 83(6, suppl.): 149. 1996, Fl. Great Britain Ireland 5: 363. 1996, Caryologia 52: 87 92. 1999 (This plant contains the alkaloid lycorine, which can cause poisoning. Some individuals were poisoned after ingesting the bulbs as emergency food in Holland during World War II. Large amounts of bulbs need to be ingested to produce toxic
Galbulimima Bailey Himantandraceae 1793 reactions. An aqueous extract of the leaves has produced a positive patch test reaction in a gardener. Used for cancer or non-cancer diseases.) in English: snowdrop Galbulimima Bailey Himantandraceae The fruit resembles to a galbulus, a cone or a strobilus with fleshy scales; Latin mimus, i a mimic actor, Greek mimos; see F.M. Bailey, in Queensland Department of Agriculture and Stock. Botany Bulletin. 9: 5. 1894 and Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzenge schichte und Pflanzengeographie 49: 164. 1912, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzenge schichte und Pflanzengeographie 55: 126. 1917. Galbulimima belgraveana (F. Muell.) Sprague (Galbulimima baccata Bailey; Galbulimima belgraveana Bailey; Galbulimima belgraveana Sprague) New Guinea, Moluccas. Evergreen tree, aromatic, densely compact crown See Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 60: 138. 1922, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 4: 348 349. 1957, J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 5: 377 378. 1958, Hamilton, L. An experiment to observe the effect of eating substances called ereriba leaves and agara bark, in Transactions of the Papua and New Guinea Scientific Society 1: 16 18. 1960 (Leaves and bark chewed to induce hallucinations, a violent intoxication leading to sleep and visual hallucinations. Bark used to relieve abdominal pain.) in English: magnolia, magnolia ash, pigeonberry ash in Papua New Guinea: waga Common name: agara Galearis Raf. Orchidaceae From the Latin galea, ae a helmet, galearis helmet-, referring to petals and sepals; see C.S. Rafinesque, Herbarium Rafinesquianum 71 72. 1833, Flora Telluriana. 2: 39. 1836 [1837] and Manual of the Flora of the Northern States and Canada 292. 1901. Galearis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) R.M. Bateman (Amerorchis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Hultén; Amerorchis rotundifolia f. angustifolia (J. Rousseau) P.M. Br.; Amerorchis rotundifolia f. beckettii (B. Boivin) Hultén; Amerorchis rotundifolia f. immaculata Mazurski & Laur. P. Johnson; Amerorchis rotundifolia f. lineata (Mousley) Hultén; Amerorchis rotundifolia f. rosea P.M. Br.; Amerorchis rotundifolia f. wardii P.M. Br.; Amerorchis rotundifolia var. lineata (Mousley) W.J. Schrenk; Habenaria rotundifolia Conz.; Habenaria rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Richardson; Habenaria rotundifolia Richardson; Habenaria rotundifolia Lindl.; Habenaria rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Lindl.; Orchis grandiflora B. Heyne ex Wall., nom. inval.; Orchis rotundifolia Banks ex Pursh; Orchis rotundifolia f. angustifolia J. Rousseau; Orchis rotundifolia f. beckettii B. Boivin; Orchis rotundifolia f. lineata (Mousley) E.G. Voss; Orchis rotundifolia var. lineata Mousley; Platanthera rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Lindl.; Ponerorchis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Soó) North America. See Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 588. 1813, Numer. List: 7032. 1832, Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 292, 306. 1835, The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants 306. 1835 and Canad. Field- Naturalist 55: 65. 1941, Rhodora 68: 462. 1966, Ark. Bot., a.s., 7(1): 34 35. 1967 (publ. 1968), Lindleyana 10: 1. 1995, Orchidee (Hamburg) 28: 98. 1997, N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 10: 34. 2004 (publ. 2005), Wild Orchids Canad. Marit. & N. Gr. Lakes: 284. 2006, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 104: 439. 2009 (Used in Ayurveda, Habenaria rotundifolia.) in India: padma Galega L. Fabaceae (Galegeae) Greek gala, galaktos milk and aix, aigos a goat, fodder for cattle and goats, Latin gallica herba; see Carl Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 714. 1753 and Genera Plantarum Ed. 5. 320. 1754, Georg Christian Wittstein, Etymologischbotanisches Handwörterbuch. 378. Ansbach 1852 and H. Genaust, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen. 260. 1996. Galega officinalis L. (Galega bicolor Regel; Galega patula Steven; Galega persica Pers.; Galega vulgaris Lam.) Algeria, Europe. Perennial non-climbing herb, subshrub, flowers light blue to white, leaves cooked See Fl. W. Pakistan 100: 91. 1977, Le Naturaliste Canadien 106: 451 461. 1979, Thaiszia 7: 75 88. 1997, The Journal of reproductive medicine 52(11): 1011 1015. 2007, The Annals of pharmacotherapy 43(5): 939 943. 2009, Diabetic medicine: A Journal of the British Diabetic Association 26(8): 798 802. 2009, Diabetes care 33(1): 9 16. 2010 (Toxins. Febrifuge, diaphoretic, galactagogue. Metformin appears to be an effective alternative to insulin in the treatment of GDM (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus). Veterinary, often fed to cows and goats in order to increase their milk yield.) in English: goat s rue, professor weed in China: shan yang dou in Italian: aruta capraria, capraggine, chiappamosche, lavamani, ruta di capra Galenia L. Aizoaceae The genus was named to honor the Greek Claudius Galen (Galenos, Galenus), born circa A.D. 130 at Pergamum, d.
1794 Galianthe Griseb. Rubiaceae circa in A.D. 200 probably in Sicily, one of the most eminent physicians of any age or country, his writings were very numerous but practically nothing remains of his philosophical works. See Carl Linnaeus, Species Plantarum. 359. 1753 and Genera Plantarum. Ed. 5. 169. 1754, The American Journal of Science New York, NY, ed. 2 1: 376. 1819, Ernst H.F. Meyer (1791 1858), Geschichte der Botanik, Studien von Ernst H.F. Meyer. II: 187 194 and IV: 258 261. Königsberg 1854 1857 and John Ferguson, Bibliotheca Chemica. 1: 352. Glasgow 1906, Garrison and Morton, Medical Bibliography. 665. 1961, Richard J. Durling, A Catalogue of Sixteenth Century Printed Books in the National Library of Medicine. 1971. 1967, Fridolf Kudlien & Leonard G. Wilson, in D.S.B. 5: 227 237. 1981, Antonio Clericuzio, From van Helmont to Boyle. A study of the transmission of Helmontian chemical and medical theories in seventeenth-century England. BJHS. 26: 303 334. 1993. Galenia africana L. (Galenia africana var. halimifolia Fenzl ex Sond.; Galenia africana var. pentandra Hiern; Galenia africana var. secundata Adamson; Galenia linearis Thunb.; Galenia namaensis auct., non Schinz, misapplied name; Galenia tenuifolia Salisb.) South Africa. Erect aromatic woody shrublet See Species Plantarum 1: 359. 1753, Prodromus Plantarum Capensium, 77. 1794, Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 283. 1796, Flora Capensis (Harvey) 2: 478. 1862 and J. S. African Bot. 22: 91. 1956, Van Der Lugt J.J., Schultz R.A., Fourie N., Hon L.J., Jordaan P., Labuschagne L. Galenia africana L. poisoning in sheep and goats: hepatic and cardiac changes. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 59(4): 323 333. 1992 (Poisonous, blistering of the oral mucous membranes. Plant or fresh leaves chewed to relieve toothache. Leaves and roots sedative, antimicrobial, analgesic, antiseptic, to treat venereal sores, prostate disorders, wounds, eye infections and skin diseases.) in English: yellow bush in Southern Africa: dabee, geelbos, iqina, kraalbos, kraalbossie, kraalgeelbos, muisgeelbos, perdebos, waterpensgeelbos Galenia secunda (L.f.) Sond. (Aizoon contaminatum Eckl. & Zeyh.; Aizoon elongatum Eckl. & Zeyh.; Aizoon propinquum Eckl. & Zeyh.; Aizoon secundum L.f.; Galenia aizoides Fenzl ex Sond.; Galenia contaminata Eckl. & Zeyh.; Galenia elongata Eckl. & Zeyh.; Galenia secunda (L.f.) Sond. var. strigulosa Sond.) South Africa. See Supplementum Plantarum 261. 1782 [1781 publ. Apr 1782], Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 3: 326. 1837, Flora Capensis (Harvey) 2: 474. 1862 and Flora of Australia 19 62. 1984 (For skin diseases, venereal sores, wounds, antiseptic, an infusion is taken for bladder infections.) in South Africa: vanwyksbossie Galianthe Griseb. Rubiaceae Galianthe brasiliensis (Spreng.) E.L. Cabral & Bacigalupo (Diodia anthospermoides Cham. & Schltdl.; Diodia brasiliensis Spreng.; Diodia brasiliensis var. angulata (Benth.) Standl.; Diodia brasiliensis var. microphylla (Cham. & Schltdl.) Standl.; Diodia polymorpha Cham. & Schltdl.; Diodia polymorpha var. angulata (Benth.) K. Schum.; Diodia polymorpha var. anthospermoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum.; Diodia polymorpha var. macrophylla Cham. & Schltdl.; Diodia polymorpha var. microphylla Cham. & Schltdl.; Galianthe angulata (Benth.) Borhidi; Galianthe brasiliensis subsp. angulata (Benth.) E.L. Cabral & Bacigalupo; Spermacoce ambigua Brandegee; Triodon angulatum Benth.; Triodon polymorphum (Cham. & Schltdl.) DC.; Triodon polymorphum var. macrophyllum (Cham. & Schltdl.) DC.; Triodon polymorphum var. microphyllum (Cham. & Schltdl.) DC.) South America. See Syst. Veg., editio decima sexta 1: 406. 1824, Linnaea 3: 343 345. 1828, Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 4: 566. 1830, Plantas Hartwegianas imprimis Mexicanas 70. 1840, Flora Brasiliensis 6(6): 12 13. 1888 and Zoë 5: 180. 1904, Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 8(5): 387. 1931, Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington 461(4): 90. 1935, Fl. Prov. Buenos Aires 4(5): 342 375. 1965, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 84(4): 861 863, f. 3. 1997, Acta Botanica Hungarica 46(1 2): 34. 2004, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107(3): 2871 2920. 2008 (Branchlets used in magic rituals, procedure before fishing, to hit the target.) in English: the fish herb Galianthe centranthoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) E.L. Cabral (Borreria centranthoides Cham. & Schltdl.; Borreria centranthoides fo. angustifolia Chodat & Hassl.; Borreria centranthoides f. angustifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) Chodat & Hassl.; Borreria centranthoides fo. glabrior Chodat & Hassl.; Borreria centranthoides fo. latifolia Chodat & Hassl.; Borreria centranthoides f. latifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) Chodat & Hassl.; Borreria centranthoides fo. pubescens Chodat & Hassl.; Borreria centranthoides var. angustifolia Cham. & Schltdl.; Borreria centranthoides var. latifolia Cham. & Schltdl.; Borreria pohliana DC.; Borreria verbenoides var. eupatorioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Smith & Downs; Galianthe clidemioides Griseb.; Spermacoce centranthoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze; Spermacoce clidemioides (Griseb.) Niederl.) Brazil to NE. Argentina. See Genera Plantarum 196. 1789, Primitiae Florae Essequeboensis 79, t. 1. 1818, Linnaea 3(4): 327 330, 331. 1828, Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen 24: 156 157. 1879, Revisio
Galinsoga Ruíz & Pavón Asteraceae 1795 Generum Plantarum 3: 123. 1898 and Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 48(9): 284. 1958, Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 27(3 4): 235 249. 1991[1992] (Abortifacient.) Galinsoga Ruíz & Pavón Asteraceae After the Spanish botanist Mariano Martinez Galinsoga, d. 1797, physician, Superintendent of the Madrid Botanic Garden; see Hipólito Ruíz López (1754 1815) and José Antonio Pavón (1754 1844), Flora peruvianae, et chilensis prodromus. 110, t. 24. Madrid 1794, Catalecta 2: 112. 1800, Nova Genera Plantarum 137. 1800, New Flora and Botany of North America 1: 67. 1836, Georg Christian Wittstein, Etymologisch-botanisches Handwörterbuch. 379. Ansbach 1852 and Res. Bull. Univ. Calcutta Cytogenetics Lab. 2: 1 50. 1970, Amer. J. Bot. 63: 247 250. 1976, Canne, J.M. A revision of the genus Galinsoga (Compositae: Heliantheae). Rhodora 79: 319 389. 1977, Taxon 26: 557 565. 1977, Taxon 27: 223 231. 1978, Canne, J.M. Circumscription and generic relationships of Galinsoga (Compositae: Heliantheae). Madroño 25: 81 93. 1978, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 81: 800 808. 1994, Compositae Newslett. 27: 7 10. 1995, Bot. Žurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(5): 98 101. 1996, Linzer Biol. Beitr. 29(1): 5 43. 1997, Opera Bot. 137: 1 42. 1999, Compositae Newsletter 37: i-iii, 1 84. 2001. Galinsoga is closely related to Sabazia Cassini of Mexico and South America and to at least some members of Alloispermum Willdenow, primarily from South America. Galinsoga might best be treated as a single larger genus including Alloispermum and Sabazia, see J.M. Canne 1978. Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (Adventina parviflora Raf.; Galinsoga quinqueradiata Ruiz & Pav.; Stemmatella sodiroi Hieron.; Vigolina acmella (Roth) Poir.; Wiborgia acmella Roth; Wiborgia parviflora (Cav.) Kunth) East Africa. Annual herb, erect, many-branched, slightly hairy, shallow root fibrous, leaves opposite, flower heads of many yellow tubular florets and 4 5 white 3-lobed ray florets surrounded by membranous bracts, flower heads on stalks in a regularly branched loose leafy inflorescence, angled or flat black achene, pappus of flat fringed scales, young plants cooked as a vegetable, a weed of crops and waste land, similar to Galinsoga quadriradiata See Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum, quae aut sponte [Cavanilles] 3(2): 41 42, pl. 281. 1794 [1795 1796], Flora Peruvianae, et Chilensis Prodromus 110, pl. 24. 1794, Systema Vegetabilium Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis 1: 198. 1798, Catalect. Bot. 2: 112. 1800, Nova Genera Plantarum 137. 1800, Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique 8: 613. 1808, Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (folio ed.) 4: 201. 1820 [1818] and also quarto ed. 4: 256. 1820, New Flora and Botany of North America 1: 67. 1836, Genera Plantarum 2: 193, 359. 1873 and Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzenge schichte und Pflanzengeographie 28: 601. 1901, Kirkia 6(1): 1 62. 1967, Taxon 30: 78. 1981 (Plant rubbed on the skin as an antidote to beetle stings. Leaves antimicrobial, a paste a remedy for snakebites and stings of poisonous insects; crushed leaves mixed with lime used to stop bleeding; leaf extract in jaundice, dysentery, fever, diarrhea, vomiting; leaves juice to stop profuse bleeding. Stem and leaves pounded and juice squeezed applied on the wounds.) in English: chickweed, galinsoga weed, gallant soldier, Kew weed, potato weed, small-flowered galinsoga, small-flowered quickweed, yellow weed in Peru: paco yuyo, pacpa yuyo in East Africa: kafumba, kafumbe, kangei, karandaranda, msekeseke, omenta in South Africa: knopkruid in India: banmara, japkondewa, marchiya, tiew-lien Galium L. Rubiaceae Greek galion bedstraw, Galium verum L., the yellow flowers of Galium verum can be used to curdle milk in cheesemaking or to colour cheese; see C. Oudin, Le thresor des trois langues, espagnole, françoise et italienne. 1627, N. Duez, Dittionario italiano & francese. Genève 1664, Carl Linnaeus, Species Plantarum. 1: 105, 107. 1753, Genera Plantarum. Ed. 5. 46. 1754, The Gardeners Dictionary Abridged fourth edition 1754, Iconographia Botanica Exotica 3: 15. 1830, Nova Genera et Species Plantarum seu Prodromus 4: 600. 1830, Flora Indica; or, descriptions of Indian Plants 1: 381. 1832, Genera Plantarum 523. 1839, Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon, sér. 2 16: 397 398. 1868, Genera Plantarum 2: 149. 1873 and American Midland Naturalist 1: 264. 1910, A. Prati, Vocabolario etimologico italiano. Torino 1951, S. Battaglia, Grande dizionario della lingua italiana. Torino 1961, H.H. Allan, Fl. New Z. 1: 591 593. 1961, Manlio Cortelazzo & Paolo Zolli, Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana 1: 184. 1979, D.J. McGillivray, Telopea. 2: 355 377. 1983, H.E. Connor and E. Edgar, Name changes in the indigenous New Zealand Flora, 1960 1986 and Nomina Nova IV, 1983 1986. New Zealand Journal of Botany. Vol. 25: 115 170. 1987, Taxon 41: 563. 1992, Taxon 44: 611 612. 1995, Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 48(1 4): 59 62. 2006, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107(3): 2871 2920. 2008. Galium acutum Edgew. India, Himalaya. See Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 61. 1846 (Plant extract to cure urinary infections.) in India: kuriya
1796 Galium L. Rubiaceae Galium aparine L. (Aparine hispida Moench; Aparine vulgaris Hill; Asperula aparine (L.) Besser, nom. illeg.; Asperula aparine var. aparine (L.) Nyman, nom. inval.; Asterophyllum aparine (L.) Schimp. & Spenn.; Crucianella purpurea Wulff ex Steud.; Galion aparinum (L.) St.-Lag.; Galium adhaerens Gilib.; Galium agreste Wallr.; Galium agreste var. echinospermum Wallr.; Galium aparine f. intermedium (Mérat) R.J. Moore; Galium aparine subsp. agreste P.D. Sell; Galium aparine subsp. spurium (L.) Simonkai; Galium aparine var. agreste P.D. Sell; Galium aparine var. echinospermum (Wallr.) T. Durand; Galium aparine var. echinospermum (Wallr.) Farw.; Galium aparine var. fructibushispidis Franch.; Galium aparine var. intermedium (Mérat) Bonnet; Galium aparine var. intermedium (Merr.) Briq.; Galium aparine var. microphyllum Clos; Galium aparine var. minor Hook.; Galium aparine var. minor Benth., nom. illeg.; Galium aparine var. pseudoaparine (Griseb.) Speg.; Galium aparine var. subglabrum Peterm.; Galium aparine var. vaillantii (DC.) Koch; Galium asperum Honck., nom. illeg.; Galium australe Reiche, nom. superfl.; Galium borbonicum var. makianum Cordem.; Galium charoides Rusby; Galium chilense Hook.f.; Galium chonosense Clos, nom. superfl.; Galium hispidum Willd.; Galium horridum Eckl. & Zeyh., nom. illeg.; Galium intermedium Mérat, nom. illeg.; Galium lappaceum Salisb.; Galium larecajense Wernham; Galium oliganthum Nakai & Kitag.; Galium parviflorum Maxim., nom. illeg.; Galium pauciflorum Bunge, nom. illeg.; Galium pseudoaparine Griseb.; Galium scaberrimum Vahl ex Hornem.; Galium segetum K. Koch; Galium spurium L.; Galium spurium var. echinospermum Desp.; Galium spurium var. echinospermum (Wallr.) Hayek; Galium spurium var. vaillantii (DC.) Gren. & Godr.; Galium spurium var. vaillantii (DC.) G. Beck; Galium tenerrimum Schur; Galium uliginosum Thunb., nom. illeg.; Galium uncinatum Gray; Galium vaillantii DC.; Rubia aparine (L.) Baill.; Rubia aparine Baill.) North and South America. Annual herb, vine See Species Plantarum 1: 108. 1753, Flora Antarctica 302. 1846, Flora Chilena 3: 189 190. 1848, Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen 6: 125. 1854, Hist. Pl. (Baillon) 7: 373. 1880, Revista Agron. Univ. Nac. La Plata 3: 526. 1897 and Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 50: 244. 1912, Canad. J. Bot. 53: 881. 1975, Kew Bulletin 30: 324. 1975, Fl. Great Britain & Ireland 4: 530. 2006 (Plant considered poisonous. Plant juice diuretic, febrifuge, antiscorbutic, antihemorrhagic, to treat cuts and wounds, gonorrhea, for kidney trouble; decoction of whole plant taken as an emetic; plant infusion laxative, tonic, for skin diseases, gravel, a wash for poison ivy and itch. Aerial parts used for headache, migraine, jaundice, sinusitis. Love charm. Veterinary medicine, for horses.) in English: bed straw, catch-weed bedstraw, cleavers, goose grass, goosegrass, Marin County bedstraw, spring cleavers, sticky bobs, sticky willy, stickywilly, sweethearts in China: ba xian cao, chu yang yang in India: lichkuni in Nepal: panchamle Galium aparinoides Forssk. (Galium aparine L. var. hamatum (A. Rich.) Hook.f.; Galium aparine var. hamatum (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Hook.f.; Galium brachycarpon Steud.; Galium hamatum A. Rich.; Galium hamatum Hochst. ex A. Rich.; Galium trachycaypum Clarke) Eritrea to Tanzania, SW Arabian Pen. See Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 30. 1775 (Emetic, laxative, tonic, for skin diseases.) Galium asperifolium Wall. (Galium asperifolium Wall. ex Roxb.; Galium mollugo L. subsp. asperifolium (Wall.) Kitam.) China and Sri Lanka. See Flora Indica; or, descriptions of Indian Plants, ed. Carey & Wall. 1: 381. 1820 and Faun. & Fl. Nep. Himal.: 230. 1955 (Plant paste applied to treat wounds; the juice taken as diuretic, antiscorbutic, aperient.) in Nepal: gnaharo Galium asprellum Michx. (Galium asprellum var. typicum Maxim.; Galium asprellum var. typicum (Michx.) Maxim.; Galium micranthum Pursh, nom. illeg.; Galium spinulosum Raf., nom. illeg.; Galium pennsylvanicum Muhl. ex Schult., nom. illeg.) North America. Perennial See Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 103. 1814, Précis Découv. Somiol.: 40. 1814, Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 9: 262. 1873, Flora Boreali-Americana 1: 78 79. 1803 (Whole plant used as a diaphoretic, diuretic, for measles.) in English: kidney-vine, rough bedstraw Galium boreale L. (Aparine borealis (L.) Hill; Galium amurense Pobed.; Galium auriense Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange; Galium bermudense L. p.p.; Galium boreale sensu Walter, non L.; Galium boreale f. genuina Maxim., nom. inval.; Galium boreale f. hyssopifolium (Hoffm.) B. Boivin; Galium boreale f. kamtschaticum Maxim.; Galium boreale f. latifolium Maxim.; Galium boreale nothosubsp. intermedium (DC.) Soják; Galium boreale subsp. hyssopifolium (Hoffm.) Soják; Galium boreale subsp. incurvatum (Urschler) Soják; Galium boreale subsp. linearifolium (Rydb.) Soják; Galium boreale subsp. pseudorubioides (Schur) Soó; Galium boreale subsp. septentrionale (Roem. & Schult.) H. Hara; Galium boreale var. amurense (Pobed.) Kitag.; Galium boreale var. angustifolium (Freyn) Cufod.; Galium boreale var. ciliatum Nakai; Galium boreale var. diffusum (Schrad. ex Link) Rchb.; Galium boreale var. genuina Gren. & Godr.,
Galium L. Rubiaceae 1797 nom. inval.; Galium boreale var. glabrum Spenn.; Galium boreale var. glabrum Q.H. Liu, nom. illeg.; Galium boreale var. hispidulum Spenn.; Galium boreale var. hyssopifolium (Hoffm.) DC.; Galium boreale var. intermedium DC.; Galium boreale var. kamtschaticum (Maxim.) Nakai; Galium boreale var. koreanum Nakai; Galium boreale var. lanceolatum Nakai; Galium boreale var. lancilimbum W.C. Chen; Galium boreale var. latifolium Turcz.; Galium boreale var. leiocarpum Meyen; Galium boreale var. linearifolium Rydb.; Galium boreale var. pseudorubioides Schur; Galium boreale var. roseum N. Coleman; Galium boreale var. scabrum DC.; Galium boreale var. septentrionale (Roem. & Schult.) Kliphuis; Galium boreale var. typicum Rouy, nom. inval.; Galium boreale var. vogesiacum (F. Gérard) Rouy; Galium boreale var. vulgare Turcz., nom. inval.; Galium brachiatum sensu Muhl., non Pursh; Galium circaeoides Roem. & Schult.; Galium circaezans Michx. var. glabellum Britton; Galium circaezans var. glabrum Britton; Galium circaezans var. typicum Fernald; Galium diffusum Schrad. ex Link; Galium hyssopifolium Hoffm.; Galium mesocarpon A. Kern.; Galium nervosum Lam.; Galium rotundifolium L. var. circaezans (Michx.) Kuntze; Galium rubioides Willd. ex Ledeb., nom. inval.; Galium rubioides var. angustifolium Freyn; Galium rubioides var. hyssopifolium Pers.; Galium rubioides var. latifolium Freyn; Galium schilkense Popov; Galium septentrionale Roem. & Schult.; Galium septentrionale var. glabrum Urschler; Galium septentrionale var. incurvatum Urschler; Galium strictum Torr.; Galium trinerve Moench; Galium trinervium Gilib.; Galium vogesiacum F. Gérard; Rubia borealis (L.) Baill.; Trichogalium boreale (L.) Fourr.) Temp. Eurasia, North America. Perennial, seeds considered edible See Species Plantarum 1: 105, 108. 1753 and Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 15: 395 405. 1980, Taxon 30: 857 860. 1981, Taxon 31(2): 344 360. 1982, Botaniceskjij Žurnal SSSR 67(3): 360 365. 1982, Fitologija 19: 43 68. 1982, Turun Yliopiston Julkaisuja: Sarja A II, Biologia- Geographica 3: 1 12. 1982, Nordic Journal of Botany 6: 15 20. 1986, Hessische Floristische Briefe 38: 11 14. 1989, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28: 302. 1990, Biologia 54: 43 49. 1999, Fl. Hubeiensis 3: 637. 2002 (Plant considered poisonous. Decoction of whole plant used as an abortifacient, diaphoretic, diuretic, to prevent pregnancy. Poultice from green shoots used for general aches and pains; shoots infusion a cold remedy. Leaves used as a diuretic.) in English: baby s breath, bedstraw, licorice bedstraw, northern bedstraw Galium circaezans Michx. (Galium bermudense L. p.p.; Galium boreale sensu Walter, non L.; Galium boreale Walter, sensu auct.; Galium brachiatum Muhl., nom. illeg.; Galium brachiatum sensu Muhl., non Pursh; Galium circaeoides Roem. & Schult.; Galium circaezans var. circaezans; Galium circaezans var. glabellum Britton; Galium circaezans var. glabrum Britton; Galium circaezans var. hypomalacum Fernald; Galium circaezans var. montanum Torr. & A. Gray; Galium circaezans var. typicum Fernald, nom. inval.; Galium rotundifolium var. circaezans (Michx.) Kuntze; Galium rotundifolium var. circaezans Kuntze) North America. Perennial subshrub or herb See Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 1: 80 81. 1803, Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 2: 24. 1841, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 282. 1891, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 303. 1894, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 32. 1894 and Rhodora 39: 450, pl. 483, figs. 3, 4. 1937 (Expectorant, taken for coughs, asthma, hoarseness.) in English: forest bedstraw, licorice bedstraw, wild licorice, wild white licorice, yellow wild licorice Galium concinnum Torr. & A. Gray (Galium concinnum Boiss., nom. illeg.) North America. Perennial See A Flora of North America: containing 2(1): 23. 1841, Flora Orientalis 3: 65. 1875 (Infusion of whole plant used for kidney trouble, ague, bladder trouble.) in English: shining bedstraw Galium elegans Wall. ex Roxb. (Galium elegans Wall.; Galium elegans f. glabriusculum (Req. ex DC.) Hara ex H. Ohba; Galium elegans f. vestitum (D. Don) H. Hara; Galium elegans var. angustifolium Cufod.; Galium elegans var. glabriusculum Req. ex DC.; Galium elegans var. nephrostigmaticum (Diels) W.C. Chen; Galium elegans var. nemorosum Cufod.; Galium elegans var. punduanum (Wall. ex Craib) Cufod.; Galium elegans var. velutinum Cufod.; Galium formosense Ohwi; Galium hamiltonii Spreng.; Galium javanicum var. leiocarpum Miq.; Galium latifolium Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, nom. illeg.; Galium mairei H. Lév.; Galium nephrostigmaticum Diels; Galium panduanum Steud.; Galium petiolatum Geddes; Galium pseudoellipticum Lingelsh. & Borza; Galium punduanum Wall. ex Craib; Galium requienianum Wight & Arn.; Galium rotundifolium var. leiocarpum (Miq.) Hook.f.; Galium vestitum D. Don) Himalaya. Small herb See Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. 1: 382. 1820, Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 42: 350. 1892 and Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 279. 1912, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 246. 1928, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 55. 1934, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 230. 1940, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 201. 1979, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28: 301. 1990, J. Jap. Bot. 66: 303. 1991 (In case of fractures, whole plant paste applied and tied to set bone.) Galium fendleri A. Gray North America. Perennial
1798 Galium L. Rubiaceae See Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Science, new series 4(1): 60. 1849 (Plant infusion taken and used as lotion for headache, influenza. A ceremonial emetic.) in English: Fendler s bedstraw Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. (Asperula eugeniae K. Richt.; Asperula matrisylva Gilib.; Asperula odora Salisb.; Asperula odorata L., non (Pers.) Roemer & Schultes; Asterophyllum asperula Schimp. & Spenn.; Asterophyllum sylvaticum Schimp. & Spenn.; Chlorostemma odoratum (L.) Fourr.; Galium matrisylva F.H. Wigg., nom. superfl.; Galium odoratum var. eugeniae (K. Richt.) Ehrend.) Temp. Eurasia. See Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 105. 1771 (For skin diseases.) in English: mugwet, sweet grass, sweet woodruff, woodroof, woodruff in Arabic: fuwwa regiga Galium palustre L. (Galium diffusum Gilib.; Galium fontinale K. Koch; Galium glomeratum Vill. ex Roem. & Schult., nom. illeg.; Galium incarnatum Gilib.; Galium masferreri Sennen; Galium montanum With., nom. illeg.; Galium palustre M. Bieb., sensu auct.; Galium palustre Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange, sensu auct.; Galium palustre f. submersum Glück; Galium palustre subsp. tetraploideum A.R. Clapham; Galium palustre var. balticum Apelgren; Galium palustre var. brachyphyllum Opiz; Galium palustre var. genuinum Cout., nom. inval.; Galium palustre var. majus Schur; Galium palustre var. maximum Heinr.Braun; Galium palustre var. morisianum Rouy; Galium palustre var. rupicola Desm.; Galium palustre var. umbrosum Asch.; Galium palustre var. witheringii (Sm.) Nyman; Galium rumelicum Formének; Galium rupicola (Desm.) Boreau; Galium vayredae Sennen; Galium witheringii Sm.; Rubia palustris (L.) Baill.) Temp. Eurasia. Spreading perennial herb, creeping with adventitious roots arising from the nodes, stems four-angled, smooth globular black fruits See Species Plantarum 1: 105. 1753, Flora Taurico- Caucasica 1: 103. 1808, Prodromus Florae Hispanicae 2: 322. 1868, Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. 6: 77. 1893, Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 36: 70. 1898 and Bol. Soc. Brot. 17: 20. 1900, Biol. Morphol. Untersuch. Wasser- Sumpfgew. 3: 29. 1911, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 73: 652. 1926 (publ. 1927), Linzer Biol. Beitr. 8: 3 11. 1976, Nordic J. Bot. 10: 588. 1991 (Considered as poisonous.) Galium rotundifolium L. (Galium decipiens Ehrh., nom. illeg.; Galium linckii J.F. Gmel.; Galium rotundifolium Herb. Linn. ex DC.; Galium rotundifolium subsp. hirsutum (Ten.) Brullo, Scelsi & Spamp.; Galium rotundifolium subsp. hirsutum (Ten.) Brullo; Galium rotundifolium var. batallae O. Bolòs & Vigo; Galium rotundifolium var. decipiens Nyman; Galium rotundifolium var. hirsutum Ten.; Galium rotundifolium var. lanceolatum Kuntze; Galium rotundum (L.) Thunb.; Galium rotundum Thunb., nom. superfl.; Galium thunbergianum Eckl. & Zeyh. var. thunbergianum; Trichogalium rotundifolium (L.) Fourr.; Trichogalium rotundifolium Fourr.) India, Vietnam, Borneo. See Species Plantarum 1: 108. 1753, Fl. Jap.: (Thunberg) 59. 1784, Beitr. Naturk. 5: 177. 1790, Syst. Nat.: 240. 1791, Prodr. (DC.) 4: 582. 1830, Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 3: 369. 1837, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 16: 396. 1868, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 324. 1879, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 283. 1891 and Taxon 30: 829 842. 1981, Taxon 31: 583 587. 1982, Fitologija 19: 43 68. 1982, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 100. 1983, Memórias da Sociedade Broteriana 27: 77 87. 1984, Nordic J. Bot. 6: 15 20. 1986, Cytologia 52: 343 356. 1987, Bot. Chron. (Patras) 10: 723 727. 1991, Vegetaz. Aspromonte: 50. 2001, Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 76: 85 110. 2006 (Herb diuretic, antiseptic, sedative, used in hysteria, epilepsy, skin diseases, cutaneous eruptions.) Galium simense Fres. (Galium abyssinicum Chiov.; Galium simense A. Rich., non Fresen., nom. illeg.) Trop. African Mts. See Musci Sueciae 2: 165. 1837 and Opera Botanica 121: 159 172. 1993 (Antiinflammatory.) Galium tinctorium (L.) Scop. (Asperula tinctoria L.; Galium claytonii Michx.; Galium obtusum Bigelow var. floridanum (Wiegand) Fernald; Galium tinctorium L.; Galium tinctorium (L.) Scop. subsp. floridanum (Wiegand) Puff; Galium tinctorium var. diversifolium W. Wight; Galium tinctorium var. floridanum Wiegand; Galium trifidum L. subsp. tinctorium (L.) H. Hara; Galium trifidum var. tinctorium (L.) Torr. & A. Gray) North America, Mexico, Caribbean. Perennial See Species Plantarum 1: 106. 1753, Flora Friburgensis 3: 1077. 1829, A Flora of North America: containing 2(1): 22. 1841, Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon n.s., 16: 398. 1868 and Rhodora 41(489): 388. 1939, Uppsala Universitets Arsskrift 7: 298. 1945, Opera Bot. 137: 1 42. 1999 (Infusion of whole plant used for respiratory problems.) in English: stiff marsh bedstraw Galium trifidum L. (Galium brandegeei A. Gray p.p.; Galium trifidum L. subsp. trifidum; Galium trifidum subsp. typicum R.T. Clausen, nom. inval.) Temp. Northern Hemisphere to Mexico. Perennial See Species Plantarum 1: 105 106. 1753 and Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 291: 9. 1949, Botaniceskjij Žurnal
Gallesia Casaretto Phytolaccaceae 1799 SSSR 65(1): 51 59. 1980, Botaniceskjij Žurnal SSSR 67(3): 360 365. 1982 (Stimulant, astringent, infusion of plant used for skin diseases, scrofula, eczema and ringworm.) Galium triflorum Michx. (Asperula galioides Jacquem. ex Hook.f.; Galium brachiatum Pursh; Galium bryophyllum Goldb. ex DC.; Galium cuspidatum Muhl.; Galium gratum Wall., nom. inval.; Galium jalapense Schltdl.; Galium longicaule Raf.; Galium obovatum Schltdl. & Cham.; Galium paridifolium Eschsch. ex Ledeb.; Galium pennsylvanicum W.P.C. Barton; Galium pennsylvanicum W. Bartram; Galium suaveolens Wahlb.; Galium triflorum f. glabrum Leyendecker; Galium triflorum f. hispidum Leyendecker; Galium triflorum f. rollandii Vict.; Galium triflorum var. asprelliforme Fernald; Galium triflorum var. bryophyllum (Goldb. ex DC.) Nyman; Galium triflorum var. viridiflorum DC.) Canada to Mexico, Europe, W. Asia to China. Perennial See Flora Boreali-Americana 1: 80. 1803, Linnaea 9: 591 592. 1835 and Rhodora 37: 445. 1935, Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 15: 180. 1941, Naturaliste Canad. 71: 208. 1944, Taxon 31(2): 344 360. 1982, M.R. Gilmore, Uses of Plants by the Indians 63. 1991 (Poultice of whole plant analgesic, applied to babies for backaches; plant juice aperient, diuretic, antiscorbutic. Decoction of plant taken as a tea for dropsy; an infusion taken for gallstones. Magico-religious beliefs, love charm, love medicine.) in English: fragrant bedstraw, lady s bouquet, sweet-scented bedstraw, woman s herb, woman s perfume in North America: wau-inu-maka, wau-pezhe (Omaha-Ponca) in India: teenpatti Galium uniflorum Michx. (Bataprine uniflora (Michx.) Nieuwl.) North America. Perennial See Flora Boreali-Americana 1: 79. 1803 and American Midland Naturalist 1: 264. 1910 (Whole plant used as an astringent, diaphoretic, diuretic.) in English: oneflower bedstraw Galium verum L. (Asterophyllum galium (L.) Schimp. & Spenn.; Asterophyllum galium Schimp. & Spenn.; Galium glabratum Klokov; Galium verum subsp. euverum (L.) Hyl.; Galium verum subsp. euverum Hyl., nom. inval.; Galium verum var. typicum Rouy, nom. inval.; Galium verum var. typicum (L.) Rouy; Rubia vera (L.) Baill.) Eurasia. See Species Plantarum 1: 107. 1753, Flora Friburgensis 3: 1077. 1829, Histoire des Plantes 7: 372. 1880 and Flore de France 8: 12. 1903, Uppsala Universitets Arsskrift 7: 304. 1945, Taxon 28: 395 397. 1979, Bot. Zhurn. 65 (1): 51 59. 1980, Fl. Pakistan 190: 66. 1989, Taxon 41: 563. 1992, Watsonia 21: 365 368. 1997, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107(3): 2871 2920. 2008 (Plant considered purgative and diuretic. Juice of the fresh plant or decoction from the dried plant used for skin diseases, cutaneous eruptions and to check bleeding from cuts; plant juice in epilepsy and hysteria.) in English: bed-flower, cheese-rennet, curd-wort, ladies bedstraw, lady s bedstraw, our lady s bedstraw, yellow bedstraw Gallesia Casaretto Phytolaccaceae Dedicated to Giorgio Gallesio, 1772 1839, an Italian botanist, among his writings Gli agrumi dei Giardini Botanico- Agrari di Firenze. Firenze 1839, Pomona Italiana. Pisa 1817 1839, Traité du citrus. Paris 1811 and Versi. Pisa 1824; see Annales du muséum national d histoire naturelle 3: 70 71. 1804, Narrative of an Expedition to Explore the River Zaire 454. 1818, Casaretto, Giovanni (1812 1879), Novarum Stirpium Brasiliensium Decades 5: 43 44. Genuae, Typis J. Ferrandi, 1842 and Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(2/2): 546 558. 1937, Mariella Azzarello Di Misa, a cura di, Il Fondo Antico della Biblioteca dell Orto Botanico di Palermo. 109. Palermo 1988. Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms (Crateva gorarema Vell.; Gallesia gorarema (Vell.) Moq.; Gallesia gorazema Moq.; Gallesia gorazema (Vell.) Moq.; Gallesia integrifolia var. ovata (O.C. Schmidt) Nowicke; Gallesia ovata O.C. Schmidt; Thouinia integrifolia Spreng., Sapindaceae) South America. Tree, rough bark, leaves simple, inflorescence paniculate, samara winged, strong garlic smell, essential oil, forest, primary forest See Neue Entdeckungen im Ganzen Umfang der Pflanzenkunde 2: 155. 1821, Florae Fluminensis 1: 200. 1825, Novarum Stirpium Brasiliensium Decades 5: 43. 1842, Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis (DC.) 13(2): 8. 1849 and Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 32: 97. 1933, Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Zweite Auflage 16(c): 144. 1934, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 55: 320 321. 1969, Fl. Ecuador 46: 1 43. 1993 (Leaf infusion febrifuge; bark infusion used for bath, believed to protect against bad luck and witchcraft.) in Peru: ajo, palo de cebolla Gamblea C.B. Clarke Araliaceae Named for the English botanist James Sykes Gamble, 1847 1925 (d. Liss, Hants), forester, 1871 1879 Indian Forest Service, 1877 Fellow of the Linnean Society, 1899 Fellow of the Royal Society, among his writings A manual of Indian timbers. Calcutta 1881 and List of the trees, shrubs and large climbers found in the Darjeeling District, Bengal. Calcutta 1878, with Cecil Ernest Claude Fischer (1874 1950) and
1800 Ganophyllum Blume Sapindaceae Stephen Troyte Dunn (1868 1938) wrote Flora of Presidency of Madras. London [1915 ] 1936, with Sir George King (1840 1909) and Andrew Thomas Gage (1871 1945) Materials for a Flora of the Malay Peninsula. in Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. vol. 58 74. Calcutta 1889 1936. See The Flora of British India [J.D. Hooker] 2: 739. 1879 and J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 7. 1924, H.N. Clokie, Account of the Herbaria of the Department of Botany in the University of Oxford. 169. Oxford 1964, John H. Barnhart, Biographical Notes upon Botanists. 2: 26. 1965. Gamblea ciliata C.B. Clarke (Acanthopanax evodiaefolius Franchet var. ferrugineus W.W. Smith, also evodiifolius; Acanthopanax evodiaefolius var. glaucus K.M. Feng; Acanthopanax evodiaefolius var. gracilis W.W. Smith; Evodiopanax evodiaefolius (Franchet) Nakai var. ferrugineus (W.W. Smith) Nakai, also evodiifolius; Evodiopanax ferrugineus (W.W. Smith) Grushvitsky & Skvortsova; Evodiopanax gracilis (W.W. Smith) Grushvitsky & Skvortsova) India, Nepal, Himalaya See The Flora of British India 2: 740. 1879 and Adansonia, Sér. 3, 22: 48. 2000, Fl. Hubeiensis 3: 182. 2002 (Stimulant, antibacterial, antiseptic, febrifuge.) in China: yu ye wu jia Ganophyllum Blume Sapindaceae From the Greek ganos beauty, brightness, ornament and phyllon leaf, bright and attractive leaves; see Karl Ludwig von Blume (1796 1862), Museum Botanicum Lugduno- Batavum 1(15): 230. 1850 [publ. late 1850 or early 1851]. Ganophyllum falcatum Blume (Dictyoneura integerrima Radlk. ex Koord.-Schum.; Dictyoneura integerrima Radlk.; Ganophyllum falcatum Br.) Papua New Guinea, Northern Australia. Tree, dense spreading crown, bark light grey-brown smooth flaky, young branchlets resinous and scaly, leaves pinnate, sickle-shaped leaflets egg-shaped to oblong, male and female flowers in separate inflorescences, small greenish white clusters of male and female flowers, large panicles in the upper axils, orange ovoid-shaped fleshy fruit, fast growing, hard wood, insectivorous birds, nectar birds, sandstone, riverine, coastal districts, along streams, among mangroves See Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum: sive stirpium Exoticarum, Novarum vel Minus Cognitarum ex Vivis aut Siccis Brevis Expositio et Descriptio. Lugduni-Batavorum: E.J. Brill, 1849 [1856] and Syst. Verz. ii. 61. 1913, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 343. 1922 (Tender leaves pounded, mixed in water and taken to treat stomachache; leaves pounded and squashed with leaves of Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Erioglossum rubiginosum) given as contraceptive. Termiticidal extracts from the wood.) in English: scaly ash in India: sanuk, sanup in Indonesia: arangen, kayu mangir, ki angir, lulibas, mangir, panapok ayer, salngen, scaly ash, tapu Garcinia L. Clusiaceae (Guttiferae) After the Portuguese physician García de Orta (1490/1501/1502 1570) and the French-born Dutch army physician Laurent Garcin, 1683 1752, naturalist, botanist of the Dutch East Indies Company, traveller and plant collector. See Carl Linnaeus, Species Plantarum. 1: 443 444. 1753, Species Plantarum 2: 1193. 1753, Genera Plantarum. Ed. 5. 202. 1754, Plants of the Coast of Coromandel 2: 51, t. 196. 1804, Genera Nova Madagascariensia 15. 1806, Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles [Second edition] 20: 104. 1821, Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 1: 560. 1824, Ordines Naturales Plantarum 222, 292. 1830, Bridel, Biographie de Laurent Garcin. 1857 and Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique, série 9 11: 256, 263. 1910, Cornelis Andries Backer, Verklarend woordenboek. 228. Groningen, Batavia 1936, J. Lanjouw and F.A. Stafleu, Index Herbariorum. 2: 216. Utrecht 1957 [Regnum Vegetabile vol. 9], John H. Barnhart, Biographical Notes upon Botanists. 2: 29. 1965, F. Boerner & G. Kunkel, Taschenwörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen. 4. Aufl. 106. 1989, Novon 18(4): 524 537. 2008. Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anderson India. See The Flora of British India 1: 266. 1874 (Pound the leaves and use the juice as a postpartum remedy; leaf and root decoction dropped into the ear for earache. Fruits as a wash after confinement.) Malay names: asam gelugur, asay gelugor, gelugor Garcinia buchananii Baker Tanzania, South Africa. Small tree, evergreen, understorey, densely branched, all parts contain a rather sticky yellow sap, opposite thick leathery leaves, female flowers solitary, male flowers in clusters, sticky orange stigma, fruits yelloworange, ripe fleshy fruit eaten raw, in evergreen forest, riverine thickets See Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information Kew 1894: 354. 1894 (Roots infusion used as an aphrodisiac and as a lotion for sores.) in English: granite garcinia in Tanzania: kasolyo, mduma, mfilafila, mholoholo, musalasi, norkipiren, unsongwa Garcinia cambogia Desr. (Garcinia cambogia Roxb., nom. illeg.; Garcinia cambogia Hort. ex Boerl.)