Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Athenry, Co Galway, Ireland. The effects of forage type and feed value, concentrate feed level and protein concentration, ti and shearing, on lamb performance T.W.J. Keady and J.P. Hanrahan
Introduction o I 20% of annual kill occurs Jan to March Large proportion finished on concentrate Ad-lib concentrate results in high levels of lamb performance (similar to pre-weaning) (Keady and Hanrahan, 2011) Improving grass silage feed value increases performance of - beef cattle (Steen 1987 and 2002, Keady et al 2008) - dairy cows (Gordon 1989, Keady et al 1999, 2008) - pregnant ewes (Keady and Hanrahan 2009, 2010)
Introduction o II Maize silage inclusion increases performance of - beef cattle (Keady et al. 2005, 2006, 2007) - dairy cows (Keady et al. 2003, 2005, 2008) Maize silage can replace high FV grass silage for - pregnant ewes (Keady and Hanrahan, 2008, 2009) - finishing lambs (Keady and Hanrahan, 2011) Optimum maturity at harvest DM of 300 g/kg (Keady 2005, Keady et al 2008) Concentrate t substitution rate is - linear - increased as forage feed value improved (Keady and Hanrahan, 2011)
Aims To evaluate the effects of - forage type and feed value - concentrate feed level - concentrate crude protein concentration - ad libitum concentrate feeding - shearing - and their potential interactions on the performance of finishing lambs To determine the concentrate sparing effect of high feed value grass and maize silages
Experimental design 2 grass silages - harvested 24 May and 17 June - precision chopped treated with inoculant Maize silage - sown 23 April (CCPM), harvested 29 Sept 2 crude protein concs - 130 g/kg DM (LP) - 180 g/kg DM (HP) HP concentrate feed levels 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 kg/d Maize silage supplemented with 0.4 kg/d of LP conc Ad libitum conc plus 0.5 kg high FV silage 264 Suffolk-X castrate lambs for 54 days Half of lambs shorn
22 treatments 2 grass silages (high and medium FV) and Maize silage X HP conc 3 feed levels (0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 kg/d) plus ad-libitum conc and 0.5 kg high FV silage plus Maize silage and 0.4 kg LP conc X 2 shearing treatments (shorn, unshorn)
Assessments e Food intake Live weight Carcass gain Carcass classification Blood analysis
Ingredient composition of the concentrate (kg/t) Concentrate HP LP Barley 360 400 Citrus pulp 300 360 Soyabean meal 210 90 Maize meal 100 120 Molasses 30 30 Mineral and vitamin supplementation Diet g/d Grass silage 20 Maize silage 30 Ad libitum conc. 20
Chemical composition o of silages Grass Medium High Silage Maize Dry matter (g/kg) ph Crude protein (g/kg DM) ME (MJ/kg DM) DMD (g/kg DM) Potential DM intake (g/kgw (g/kgw 0.75 0.75 ) 262 3.9 100 11.3 713 80 251 3.9 157 11.7 749 309 3.8 70 11.8 Starch (g/kg DM) 253-84 - - -
Effect of shearing on lamb performance Treatment Unshorn Shorn s.e. sig Total DMI (kg/d) 1.29 1.39 0.013 *** Final live weight (kg) 47.6 46.6 0.31 ** Carcass weight (kg) 22.2 22.2 0.16 NS KO (g/kg) 467 474 2.1 ** Carcass gain - g/d 87 86 2.8 NS -g/mj MEI 5.2 4.7 0.13 *
Effect of forage on performance Silage Medium High Maize s.e. ME intake (MJ/d) 15.0 a 15.6 b 17.6 c 0.19 Carcass gain - (g/d) (g/d) 65 65 a 86 b 93 b 35 3.5 - (g/mj MEI) 4.2 a 5.4 b 5.4 b 0.16
Effect of treatment on forage DM intake 1.2 (kg/d) Fo orage DM intake 1 0.8 0.6 04 0.4 b=- 036 0.36 b = - 0.31 b = - 0.19 HFVS MFVS MS Ad lib MLP 0.2 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 Concentrate (kg/d) Contrasts Sig MFVS v HFVS P=0.053053 MS v GS *
Effect of treatment on total DM intake 1.6 1.5 Total DM intake (kg/ /d) 1.4 1.3 1.2 b = 0.21 b = 0.28 HFVS MFVS MS ad-lib MLP 11 1.1 b = 0.40 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 Concentrate (kg/d) Contrasts Sig MFVS v HFVS P=0.056056 MS v GS *
Effect of treatment on carcass gain 160 140 120 /d) 100 Carcass gain (g 80 60 40 b = 60 b = 74 HFVS MFVS MS ad-lib MLP 20 b = 94 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 Concentrate (kg/d) Contrasts Sig MFVS v HFVS P=0.0606 MS v GS **
Effect of treatment on efficiency of utilisation of ME 8 7 6 Carcass gain (g/mj MEI) 5 4 3 2 b = 2.5 b = 3.1 HFVS MFVS MS ad-lib MLP 1 b = 4.8 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 Concentrate (kg/d) Contrasts Sig MFVS v HFVS ** MS v GS **
Effect of treatment on blood urea concentration 8 75 7.5 7 6.5 Ure ea (m mol/1) 6 5.5 5 4.5 4 b = 0.8 b = 17 1.7 b = 2.2 HFVS MFVS MS ad-lib MLP 3.5 3 0 02 0.2 04 0.4 06 0.6 08 0.8 1 12 1.2 14 1.4 16 1.6 Concentrate (kg/d) Contrasts Sig MFVS v HFVS * MS v GS **
Effect of forage on concentrate sparing effect 125 rcass ga ain (g/d) Ca 100 75 50 25 Maize HFV 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 Concentrate (kg/d)
Effect of forage on concentrate sparing effect 125 (g/d) Carca ass gain 100 75 50 25 Maize HFV Maize HFV 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 Concentrate (kg/d)
Conclusions o s I A wide range of dietary treatments, thus ME intake, offered in present study No interactions between dietary and shearing treatments Shearing lambs at housing increased food intake but had no beneficial i effects on lamb performance Response to concentrate depended on forage type and feed value
Conclusions o s II Whilst the response to forage feed value declines as concentrate feed level increases, there is still a benefit to high feed value forage when it accounts for as low as 37% of the TDMI Reducing concentrate protein concentration did not alter lamb performance Maize silage resulted in the highest level of lamb performance due to its higher intake characteristics