Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Anemia(s), 412 426 categories in morphologic approach to, macrocytic, 412 414 microcytic, 412 414 normocytic, 412 413 categorizing, 412 clinical findings in, 414 defined, 414 fatigue in, 414 hemolytic. See Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). history in, 414 iron deficiency. See Iron deficiency anemia. kinetic approach to, 413 decreased production of RBCs, 412 destruction of RBCs, 412 loss of RBCs, 412 laboratory evaluation in, 414 RBC production and, 412 sickle cell. See Sickle cell anemia (SCA). vitamin B 12. See Vitamin B 12 anemia. Anticoagulation, 471 480 direct thrombin inhibitors for. See Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs). heparin for. See Heparin. in atrial fibrillation, 481 487 indications for, 471 low-molecular-weight heparins for. See Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs). management of, 471 480 monitoring of, activated partial thromboplastin time in, 473 475 antifactor Xa levels in, 473 475 oral, in atrial fibrillation, 481 487. See also Atrial fibrillation. Apixaban, 484 486 Argatroban, dosing of, 477 479 Atrial fibrillation, anticoagulants for, apixaban, 484 485 dabigatran, 483 decision to, 482 rivaroxaban, 483 484 selection of, 485 486 target-specific agents, 482 483 warfarin, 482 CHADS2 score in stroke-risk stratification for, 482 incidence of, 482 target-specific agents for, benefits of, 486 Crit Care Nurs Clin N Am 25 (2013) 489 494 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5885(13)00097-x ccnursing.theclinics.com 0899-5885/13/$ see front matter ª 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
490 Index Atrial (continued) comparison of, 486 indications and dosage considerations in, 486 older patients and, 485 surgery and, 485 486 transition from warfarin and, 485 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), causes of, 420 classifications of, 419 clinical presentation of, 419 diagnosis of, 420 421 epidemiology of, 420 hemolysis in, mechanisms of, 420 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, 419 laboratory tests for, 421 pathophysiology of, 419 420 prevalence of, 419 risk factors for, 419 treatment of, considerations in, 421 B Bivalirudin, dosing of, 477, 479 Burkitt s lymphoma, associated critical illness in, acute kidney injury in, 449 disease-related, 449 treatment-related toxicities in, 449 tumor lysis syndrome in, 450 451 characterization of, 448 immunodeficiency-related, infectious disease in, 449 latent EBV in, 449 infectious disease in, 449, 451 laboratory data in, 451 symptoms of, 448, 449 treatment of, HAART therapy for, 451 raburicase for, 450 variants of, 448 449 C Chronic leukemia, 459 470 chronic lymphocytic. See Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). chronic myeloid. See Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Chronic liver diseases, acute liver failure in, management of, 441 bleeding events in, management of, 442 443 blood tests in, activated partial thromboplastin in, 440 international normalized ratio, 439 440 partial prothrombin time, 439 440 thromboelastograms, 440 441 chronic liver failure in, causes of, 441 hemostasis in, 441 442 cirrhosis, 442 DIC in, 442 coagulopathy in, 436 blood tests in, 439 440
evidence-based care of, blood transfusions in, 442 443 medication review for drug-induced case, 442 443 platelet transfusions in, 443 fibrinolysis in, 439 hemostasis and, primary, 436 437 protein C and protein S in, 437 hypercoagulopathy, portal vein thrombosis in, 442 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 435 436 normal clotting cascade and, 436 437, 437 438 initiation of, 437 primary hemostasis and, 436 437 tissue factor in, 437 orthotropic liver transplant, for acute liver failure, 441 platelets in, thrombocytopenia and, 438 439 prevalence of, 435 436 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), clinical diagnosis of, 463 complications of, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 465 466 opportunistic infections, 466 definition of, 462 diagnosis of, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in, 463 cytogenetic abnormalities in, 463 464 lymphocytes in, 463 464 peripheral blood analysis in, 463 diseases masquerading as, 463 incidence of, 462 prognostic indicators, IgVH in, 465 thymidine kinase, 465 prognostic indicators in, ß2-microglobulin, 465 zeta alpha protein-70 in, 464 465 staging of, Binet, 464 465 RAI, 464 treatment of, allogenic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for, 467 468 chemotherapy options in, 466 fludarabine for, 466 467 immunomodulatory medications for, 467 indications for, 466 monoclonal antibodies for, 467 response to, 468 Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), bone marrow examination with cytogenetic analysis in, 460 clinical presentation of, 460 description of, 459 460 phases of, 450 survival of, in chronic phase, 450 treatment of, hydroxyurea for, 461 imatinib for, 461 laboratory testing follow-up of, 462 nilotinib for, 461 penatinib for, 462 response definition and monitoring guidelines for, 462 tyrosine kinase inhibitor for, 461 Index 491
492 Index D Dabigatran, for attrial fibrillation, 483, 486 Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), action of, 477 agents available, 477 478 dosing of, 477 478 monitoring of, for argatroban, 477 478 for bivalirudin, 477 479 Dirrect thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), monitoring of, 477 479 reversal of, deamino-d-arginine vasopressin in, 479 Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), in cirrhosis of liver, 124 in pregnancy, 433 H HELLP syndrome, in pregnancy, complications of, 433 treatment of, 432 433 Hemolytic anemia. See Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Hemostasis, coagulation abnormalities, and liver disease, 435 446 Heparin, adverse effects of, 475 for anticoagulation, disadvantages of, 472 473 dosing of, 472 473 for acute coronary syndrome/atrial fibfillation, 474 for venous thromboembolism, 474 weight-based, 472, 474 mechanism of action in, 471 472 monitoring of, activated clotting time in, 474 475 activated partial thromboplastin time in, 473 475 antifactor Xa levels in, 473 475 protamine reversal of, 475 Heparin-based thrombocytopenia, argatroban for, 473, 477 479 High-grade lymphoma, 447 457. See also Burkitt lymphoma; Transformed follicular lymphoma (TFL). I Iron deficiency anemia, causes of, 416 417 diagnosis of, bone marrow biopsy in, 415 laboratory findings in, 415 416 patient history in, 416 serum ferritin level in, 415 416 iron and, 414 415 iron metabolism and storage and, 415 prevalence of, 415 symptoms of, 415 treatment of, intravenous therapy for, 416 oral iron supplements for, 416 L Low-molecular-weight heparin(s), adverse effects of, 477 comparison with heparin, 475 476
Index 493 dosing of, 475 476 monitoring of, anti-xa levels in, 476 477 protamine reversal of, 477 Lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma. See Burkitt lymphoma. incidence of, 447 448 transformation of indolent to aggressive form. See Transformed follicular lymphoma (TLF). WHO classification of, 447 P Pernicious anemia (autoimmune atropic gastritis), 417 418 R Rivaroxaban, 483 484, 486 S Sickle cell anemia (SCA), acute chest syndrome in, 422 autosomal recessive genetic pattern in, 423 causes and risk factors for, 422 definition of, 421 folic acid supplements for, 424 genetics in, 421 422 hemoglobin S in, 421 422 hydroxyurea for, 422, 424 incidence and prevalence of, 422 pain in, 422 management of, 424 splenic sequestration in, 422 T Thrombocytopenia, 417 434 definition of, 428 drug-induced, from chemotherapeutic agents, 431 from heparin therapy, 432 evaluation of, history in, 428 laboratory data in, 428 429 physical examination in, 428 in disseminated coagulopathy, 431 in pregnancy, DIC in, 433 gestational, 432 HELLP syndrome in, 432 433 in uremia, 432 platelets and, 427 platelets in, autoimmune syndromes and, 430 431 bacterial, viral, and rickettsial infections and, 429 bone marrow suppression and, 429 decreased production of, 429 430
494 Index Thrombocytopenia (continued) increased destruction of, 429 in liver disease and chronic alcohol abuse, 430 malignancies and, 429 pulmonary emboli and, 431 radiotherapy effect on, 430 splenic sequestration of, 430 viral infections and, 429 pseudothrombocytopenia and, 429 Transformed follicular lymphoma (TFL), autologous stem cell treatment for, 454 classification of, 452 diagnosis on excisional or core needle biopsy, 453 evaluation of, 454 international prognostic index for, 453 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 452 453 prevalence of, 453 symptoms of, 453 genetic testing in, 454 455 PET scan in, 454 U Uremia, thrombocytopenia in, 432 V Vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) deficiency, causes of, malabsorption, 417 malnutrition, 417 clinical presentation of, megaloblastic anemia, 417 neuropsychiatric deficits in, 417 diagnosis of, homocysteine increase in, 418 laboratory findings in, 418 methylmalonic acid in, 418 patient history in, 418 in elderly persons, 417 neuropsychiatric deficits in, 417 treatment and, 418 treatment of, parenteral therapy for, 418