Women Empowerment through Cooperative Sector Dr. Prakash M. Tayde ^n%chandralok Prakashan KANPUR-208021 (IN DIA)
CONTENTS Preface 1. Women in (kooperatives 13 Benefits of Cooperatives to Women; Barriers to Women's Participation; Encouraging Women's Participation; Cooperatives and Women: Promoting Self-Empowerment; The Benefits to Women of Cooperative Organization; Challenges Faced; Beyond the Rural Experience; Overcoming the Challenges; Cooperatives Intervention and Social Empowerment of Indian Women; Objectives; Hypothesis; Review of Literature; Co-operative Societies and Rural India 2. Women Empowerment in India 32 Introduction; Rural Women Empowerment and Entrepreneurship Development; Entrepreneurship Development of Rural Women through Seif Help Croups; Areas of Micro-Enterprise Development; Advantages of Entrepreneurship among Rural Women; Conclusion; Lessens from Experience: Key Programmatic Factors that can Contribute to Empowerment; Business Training; Women's General Education and Literacy; Balancing Family and Work Responsibilities; Dialogue on Social and Political Issues; Experience in Decision Making and Leadership; Ownership, Control, and Participatory Governance; Building Institutions Responsive to Women's Needs; Designing Products to Meet Women's Needs; National Policy for the Empowerment of Women; Goal and Objectives; Policy Prescriptions; Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective in the Development Process; Economic Empowerment of Women; Social Empowerment of Women; Violence against Women; Rights of the Girl Child; Mass Media; Operational Strategies; Institutional Mechanisms; Resource Management; Legislation; Gender Sensitization; Panchayati Raj Institutions; Partnership with the Voluntaiy Sector Organization; International Cooperation;
10 Working Women Working Women; Indenture and Gender; Women Workers in India; Eurasians: Matemal Indian Ancestry The Role of Cooperatives in Empowering Women 79 Introduction; Cooperatives Hold Economic Promise for Women; Women Key to Agricultural Growth; Opportunities to Better Involve Women; Cooperatives Look to Gender-sensitive Gains; Entrepreneurship Opportunities for Women; Access to Quality Education, Especially for Girls and Young Wome; Rural Women Empowerment and Entrepreneurship Development; Areas of Micro- Enterprise Development; Advantages of Entrepreneurship among Rural Women; The Role of Government of India in Women Empowerment Women Empowerment through Cooperative Societies 99 Introduction; Concept; Gandhian Principles and Women Empowerment through Self-help Croups; Concept ofempowerment; Microfinance and Self-Help Groups; Social and Economic Factors can Contribute to Women's Empowerment; Changes in Women's Mobility and Interaction; Changes in Women's Labour Pattems; Changes in Access to and Control over Resources; Changes in Intra-household Decision-making Development of Entrepreneurship Among Rural Women 109 Rural Development; Entrepreneurship Concept; Sources of Entrepreneurship; Rural Entrepreneurship; Environment Conducive to Entrepreneurship; Women Entrepreneurs; Kudumbashree Scheme for Rural Womens in India; Methodology; The Schemata; Extension Strategies to Promote Entrepreneurship; Creating Awareness; Benefits of Entrepreneurship to Rural Women; Rural Women in Agricultural Cooperatives; Constraints Faced by Rural Farm Women; Facilitation Role of the ICA and its Development Partners Rural Women in Dairy Cooperatives 134 Introduction; Objectives; Methodology; Achievements of the Dairy Cooperatives during the Last 100 Years; Achievements of the Dairy Cooperatives in India tili 2003-04; Growth in Womens Dairy Cooperatives; Growth in Milk Production and Availability; Market Dominance of the Dairy Cooperatives; Social Empowerment; Economic Empowerment; Political Empowerment; Revamping the Cooperative Laws; Any other Incidental or Consequential Matter as Deemed Necessary; Orissa's Dairy Initiatives Transform the Lives of Rural Women; Dairy Development through Cooperative Structure; Rural Producers' Cooperatives; Daiiy Cooperatives; India; Indonesia; Sri Lanka;
Thailand; Development of Dairy Cooperatives in other Asian Countries; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; The Philippines; Japan, the Republic of Korea and New Zealand; General Conclusions; Role of Indian Rural Women in Dairy Sector; SHG Movement in India; Impact of SHG Movement in India; Education and Training Programme; Motivation Programme to Beneficiaries of the WDCS 7. Women's Contribution to the Economy 187 Introduction; Women Workers in India ; Women's Economic Empowerment and Economic Growth; Gender Equality and Economic Developmt; Gender and Poverty; Current Status of Gender Inequalily in Sub-Sahara Africa; Women in Informal Employment, Micro and Small Enteprise; Characteristics ofwomen Owned MSEs; Gender DifFerentiated Constraints to Women's MSE's Growth; Micro Credit and Women Empowerment; Methodlogy; Kudumbasree Projects in Kerala; Analysis of Kudumbasree Project; General Information about the Respondents; Benefts from Kudumbasree; Ranking offactors Related to Benefits from Kudumbasree; Women's Resources and Contributions to Family Resources; Gender and Development; Time Allocation; Women's Economic Contributions; Reproduction; Health Care 8. Repositioning Women through Cooperatives and Dynamics of Social Inclusion 239 Women's Empowerment: A Conceptual Understanding; Women's Empowerment in India; Some Important Initiatives; Social Exclusion of Indian Women: Some Reflections; Cooperative Values and Principles and Women's Empowerment: Some Vital Links; Cooperatives and Women's Empowerment: Dynamics of Social Inclusion; Women's Empowerment through Cooperatives: Challenges and Social Work Interventions; Information Behaviour among Youthfiil Women in Susceptible Contexts and Social Inclusion; Overall Presentation of the Research Project; Theoretical and Referential Framework; Methodology; Analysis and Discussion of Results; Sexual Roles; Mediators as Information Users; Mediators Exchanging Views in a Focus Group in the Last Stage of the Investigation 9. Self-employed Women in Handicraft Sector 268 Women and Cooperatives; Himachali Handicrafts and Women; SEWA Cooperatives Celebrate Indian Co-operative Centenary; Restoring a Legacy: SEWA's Struggle for Restoring the Kabadi (scrap) Bazaar; SEWA Enters Markets in the Capital; Computer Courses in SEWA: Educating the Third Generation; Seif Employed Women's Association;
SEWA's Sister Organizations; Indian Handicrafts Industiy; Textile Based Handicrafts; Country-Wise Exports of Handicrafts; Hie German Handicrafts and Giftware Market; Competitive Situation; Sales Volume of Specific Sub-sectors (Estimates); Market Access; Customs Duties; Product Standards; Major Distribution Channels 10. Role of Saving and Credit Cooperative in Women Empowerment 297 Introduction; Background; Statement of the Problem; Co-operatives in Developed Countries; Promotion and Expansion of Co-operatives as a Main Pillar of the Economy; Economic change of Women through the Saving and Credit Co-operative; Activities of Savings and Credits Co-operatives; Women Empowerment through Micro Finance; Empowerment: Focus on Poor Women; Concept and Features of Micro Finance; Women's Empowerment and Micro Finance: Different Paradigms; Feminist Empowerment Paradigm; Poverty Reduction Paradigm; Financial Sustainability Paradigm; Micro Finance Instrument for Women's Empowerment; Problem and Challenges; Challenging Economic Empowerment; Challenging Well Being and Intra Household Relation; Challenging Social and Political Empowerment; The Micro Finance Sector: An Overview; Role of Co-Operative Banks in Empowerment of Women; Scope of the Study; Objectives of the Study; Sample Plan; Membership Pattern and Performance of the District Central Co- Operative Bank; Growth in District Central Co-Operative Bank; Nature of Entrepreneurs; Purpose of Loan; Agricultural Credit 11. Women's Economic Empowerment 326 Introduction; Background; Women Empowerment - A Reality or Myth; Women and the Economy; Facilitate Women's Equal Access to Resources, Employment, Markets and Trade; Provide Business Services, Training and Access to Markets, Information and Technology, Particularly to Low-income Women; Strengthen Women's Economic Capacity and Commercial Networks; Eliminate Occupational Segregation and all Forms of Employment D monization of Work and Family R i Men; Economic Development and W ment; Initial Situation; Objectives; K. )iversification; Progress and Results Bibliography 359 Index 361