ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES (OAS) MULTILATERAL EVALUATION MECHANISM (MEM) INTER-AMERICAN DRUG ABUSE CONTROL COMMISSION (CICAD) SECRETARIAT FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL SECURITY (SMS) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Evaluation Report on Drug Control 2014
OEA/Ser.L/XIV.2.56 CICAD/doc.2148/14 Add.30 (OAS) Secretariat for Multidimensional Security (SMS) Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism (MEM) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines EVALUATION REPORT ON DRUG CONTROL 2014
ISBN 978-0-8270-6306-8
PREFACE The Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism (MEM) is a diagnostic tool, designed by all member states of the (OAS), to periodically carry out comprehensive, multilateral evaluations on the implementation level of the Plan of Action of the Hemispheric Drug Strategy of member states of the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD). As part of the Secretariat of Multidimensional Security (SMS), CICAD is the OAS specialized agency responsible for the implementation of this Mechanism, pursuant to a mandate from the Second Summit of the Americas held in Santiago, Chile in 1998. The MEM is not only an evaluation instrument, but has also become a valuable source of information on the progress achieved by the individual and collective efforts of the governments of OAS member states, thus strengthening hemispheric cooperation, promoting dialogue among governmental authorities of member states and precisely channeling assistance to areas requiring greater attention by optimizing resources. The MEM process in itself is assessed by the Intergovernmental Working Group (IWG) comprised of delegations from all member states, which meets before the onset of each evaluation round to review and strengthen all operational aspects of the mechanism. The national evaluation reports for the Sixth Round collect the results of the level of implementation of the 27 recommendations, emanating from the Plan of Action 2011-2015 of the Hemispheric Drug Strategy 2010, and were drafted by experts in the different areas, assigned by each member state. Experts do not work on their own country s report, guaranteeing the transparent, objective and multilateral nature of the MEM. Each chapter is based on countries responses to a survey covering the main thematic areas of the Hemispheric Drug Strategy: institutional strengthening, demand reduction, supply reduction 1, control measures and international cooperation, as well as additional and updated information, provided by the government-appointed coordinating entities. This report covers the country evaluation for the MEM Sixth Evaluation Round, which covers the 2013 to mid-2014 period. All MEM reports are available through the following webpage: http://www.cicad.oas.org. 1 In accordance with the CICAD Commissioner s agreement at their fiftieth regular session (November 2011), the supply reduction chapter refers exclusively to the topic of illicit crops. For this reason, the CICAD Commissioners decided, at their fifty-fourth regular session (December 2013), that the recommendations in this chapter (11 to 15) would only be applied to those countries that have significant illicit crops. 1
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INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING RECOMMENDATION 1 ESTABLISH AND/OR STRENGTHEN NATIONAL DRUG AUTHORITIES, PLACING THEM AT A HIGH POLITICAL LEVEL, WITH THE MISSION TO COORDINATE THE EFFECTIVE PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL DRUG POLICIES. Evaluation: Not started does not have a national drug authority. 3
INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING RECOMMENDATION 2 DESIGN, IMPLEMENT, STRENGTHEN AND UPDATE NATIONAL EVIDENCE-BASED STRATEGIES AND POLICIES ON DRUGS. Evaluation: Not started does not have a national anti-drug strategy. 4
INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING RECOMMENDATION 3 ESTABLISH AND/OR STRENGTHEN NATIONAL OBSERVATORIES ON DRUGS OR SIMILAR TECHNICAL OFFICES TO DEVELOP NATIONAL DRUG INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND FOSTER SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON THIS SUBJECT. Evaluation: Partially complete has most of the priority information on drug supply reduction which is disseminated to all relevant parties. does not have a national observatory on drugs or a similar technical office. The country has not carried out any of the following priority drug demand reduction studies: survey of secondary school students; national household survey and access to patient registers of treatment centers. There is no priority drug supply information on the quantities of seized pharmaceutical products. No study was carried out on the economic and social cost of drugs in the past 10 years. 5
DEMAND REDUCTION RECOMMENDATION 4 DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT COMPREHENSIVE DEMAND REDUCTION POLICIES, PLANS AND/OR PROGRAMS. Evaluation: Not started does not have comprehensive demand reduction programs in prevention, early intervention, treatment, rehabilitation, social reinsertion or related recovery support services. 6
DEMAND REDUCTION RECOMMENDATION 5 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM OF EVIDENCE-BASED UNIVERSAL, SELECTIVE, AND INDICATED PREVENTION PROGRAMS, WITH MEASURABLE OBJECTIVES, AIMED AT DISTINCT TARGET POPULATIONS, INCLUDING AT-RISK GROUPS. Evaluation: Not started does not have prevention programs addressing drug use. 7
DEMAND REDUCTION RECOMMENDATION 6 PROMOTE THE INTEGRATION OF TREATMENT AND RECOVERY PLANS AND PROGRAMS INTO THE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM AND ADDRESS DRUG DEPENDENCE AS A CHRONIC, RELAPSING DISEASE. Evaluation: Partially complete has a network of public health system facilities responsible for health needs within its territory. These facilities carry out guidance, aftercare and brief intervention, systematically refer persons affected by drug use to treatment and rehabilitation, and provide outpatient and residential treatment services as part of the general mental health services. Also, the country offers limited treatment and rehabilitation through a religious non-governmental organization (NGO). public health system facilities do not carry out drug use screening nor do they have screening instruments in place for early detection of drug use, nor do they provide recovery support services in cases of drug use. The public health system which facilitates treatment services, as part of the general mental health services, does not coordinate with other sectors and does not have a monitoring system for their programs. 8
DEMAND REDUCTION RECOMMENDATION 7 FACILITATE ACCESS FOR DRUG-DEPENDENT PERSONS TO A SYSTEM OF DRUG TREATMENT, REHABILITATION, SOCIAL REINSERTION, AND RECOVERY SERVICES THAT ARE EVIDENCE-BASED AND FOLLOW INTERNATIONALLY-ACCEPTED QUALITY STANDARDS. Evaluation: Started takes action to facilitate access to treatment and rehabilitation for the various populations affected by drug use. does not take actions to facilitate access to social reinsertion nor are services tailored for the population being served. 9
DEMAND REDUCTION RECOMMENDATION 8 EXPLORE THE MEANS OF OFFERING TREATMENT, REHABILITATION, SOCIAL REINSERTION AND RECOVERY SUPPORT SERVICES TO DRUG-DEPENDENT CRIMINAL OFFENDERS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO CRIMINAL PROSECUTION OR IMPRISONMENT. Evaluation: Not started does not have national legislation or administrative guidelines that create or provide for alternatives to incarceration for drug-dependent criminal offenders. 10
DEMAND REDUCTION RECOMMENDATION 9 STRENGTHEN GOVERNMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS WITH ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS AND SPECIALIZED NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs), IN ORDER TO GENERATE EVIDENCE ON THE DEMAND FOR DRUGS. Evaluation: Not started national entities involved in drug-related issues have not established relationships with academic and research institutions or relevant civil society organizations dealing with issues related to drug demand reduction. 11
DEMAND REDUCTION RECOMMENDATION 10 PROMOTE AND STRENGTHEN TRAINING AND CONTINUING EDUCATION OF PROFESSIONALS, TECHNICIANS AND OTHERS INVOLVED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEMAND REDUCTION ACTIVITIES. Evaluation: Started makes available to its technical experts and professionals, advanced drug demand reduction training programs at the regional and international level. does not offer introductory training programs or continuing education on all aspects of demand reduction for personnel involved in the implementation of activities in this area. 12
SUPPLY REDUCTION RECOMMENDATIONS 11 15 Evaluation: Not applied In consideration of situation, CICAD agreed not to apply any category from the evaluation scale to the following recommendations, given that the country does not have significant illicit crop areas: RECOMMENDATION 11: ADOPT AND/OR IMPROVE COMPREHENSIVE AND BALANCED MEASURES AIMED AT REDUCING THE ILLICIT SUPPLY OF DRUGS. RECOMMENDATION 12: ADOPT AND/OR IMPROVE DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS MECHANISMS WITH A VIEW TO CARRYING OUT ASSESSMENTS THAT WILL FACILITATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC POLICIES AIMED AT THE REDUCTION OF THE ILLICIT SUPPLY OF DRUGS. RECOMMENDATION 13: PROMOTE STUDIES AND RESEARCH THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE EARLY IDENTIFICATION AND MONITORING OF NEW AND EMERGING TRENDS THAT COULD PROVIDE UPDATED INFORMATION ON THE ILLICIT SUPPLY OF DRUGS. RECOMMENDATION 14: ACCORDING TO THE NEEDS OF EACH COUNTRY, ADOPT COMPREHENSIVE MEASURES, SUCH AS INTEGRAL AND SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND LAW ENFORCEMENT INITIATIVES. RECOMMENDATION 15: PROMOTE ACTIONS TO REDUCE THE NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT CAUSED BY THE WORLD DRUG PROBLEM, IN ACCORDANCE WITH NATIONAL POLICIES. 13
CONTROL MEASURES RECOMMENDATION 16 IMPLEMENT PROGRAMS TO PREVENT AND REDUCE THE ILLICIT PRODUCTION OF PLANT-BASED AND SYNTHETIC DRUGS. Evaluation: Started has participated in training for agents responsible for control operations relating to the dismantling of laboratories for the illicit manufacturing of drugs. does not have mechanisms to detect laboratories for the illicit manufacturing of synthetic and plant-based drugs. The country does not have any protocols for the dismantling of laboratories for the illicit manufacturing of drugs. 14
CONTROL MEASURES RECOMMENDATION 17 ADOPT OR STRENGTHEN CONTROL MEASURES IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE DIVERSION OF CONTROLLED CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES TOWARDS ILLICIT ACTIVITIES. Evaluation: Complete has legislation which criminalizes the illicit trafficking and diversion of controlled chemical substances as specified in Article 3.1.a.IV of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988. The country also has legislation for the control of international trade in control chemical substances as stipulated in Article 12.9 of the aforementioned convention. There is legislation establishing administrative or civil penalties to punish infractions or violations of said individuals or corporations that deal with controlled chemical substances. The country has a competent authority to coordinate the monitoring of controlled chemical substances and has mechanisms to respond to preexport notifications through its said authority. Also, the country regulates manufacturers and distributors of controlled chemical substances through the use of licenses; and conduct inspections and audits of the establishments of individuals and corporations authorized to handle controlled chemical substances. 15
CONTROL MEASURES RECOMMENDATION 18 ADOPT OR STRENGTHEN CONTROL MEASURES TO PREVENT THE DIVERSION OF NARCOTICS, PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES, PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS WITH PSYCHOACTIVE PROPERTIES AND THOSE USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC DRUGS. Evaluation: Complete has a national authority responsible for coordinating activities for the control of narcotics, psychotropic substances, and pharmaceutical products with psychoactive properties. The country has regulations for the control of narcotics, psychotropic substances, and psychoactive pharmaceutical products, in accordance with the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971. Also, there are mechanisms to estimate drug requirements. Domestic legislation exist authorizing administrative or civil penalties for infraction or violations of the regulations by medical professionals, professional managers, administrators, and legal representatives of establishments that work with narcotics, psychotropic substances, and psychoactive pharmaceutical products. 16
CONTROL MEASURES RECOMMENDATION 19 ENSURE THE ADEQUATE AVAILABILITY OF NARCOTICS NEEDED FOR MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC USE. Evaluation: Complete has a system to periodically evaluate the availability of narcotics and psychotropic substances for medical and scientific use. The country has measures to ensure the adequate availability of these substances. 17
CONTROL MEASURES RECOMMENDATION 20 STRENGTHEN NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING AND RELATED CRIMES. Evaluation: Mostly complete has ongoing training program for stakeholders involved in the control of drug trafficking and related crimes. The country has a formal and informal information exchange mechanism among agencies responsible for the control of drug trafficking and related crimes. There is a regulatory framework for the prevention of drug trafficking by air, sea or land and for the final and secure disposal of seized drugs. does not have a periodic evaluation mechanism in relation to the strengths and weaknesses of the organizations responsible for the control of drug trafficking and related crimes. 18
CONTROL MEASURES RECOMMENDATION 21 IDENTIFY NEW TRENDS AND PATTERNS REGARDING ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING AND RELATED CRIMES. Evaluation: Complete has studies on recent trends in drug trafficking and related crimes. The country has regulatory updates based on the identification of new trends in drug trafficking and related crimes. 19
CONTROL MEASURES RECOMMENDATION 22 PROMOTE IMPROVEMENTS IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS ON ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING AND RELATED CRIMES. Evaluation: Mostly complete has a consolidated statistical information system on law enforcement operations for drug trafficking and related crimes. The country has studies and technical research on drug trafficking and related crimes. does not have a national early warning system on new behaviors of criminal organizations related to drug trafficking. The country does not have studies on impurity profiles and characterization of drugs. 20
CONTROL MEASURES RECOMMENDATION 23 ADOPT MEASURES FOR EFFECTIVE COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS, INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES, COLLECTION OF EVIDENCE, AND THE EXCHANGE OF INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION AMONG COUNTRIES, ASSURING DUE RESPECT FOR THE VARIOUS NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEMS. Evaluation: Complete has mechanisms for the secure and effective exchange of intelligence information in the investigations of cases involving drug trafficking and related crimes. The country has the coordination and information exchange mechanism for the prevention, investigation and control of activities related to the drug trafficking via the Internet. There are training workshops on intelligence information exchange in the investigations of cases involving drug trafficking and related crimes. The country has training activities on the application of special investigations techniques and management of chain of custody for evidence in cases of drug trafficking and related crimes. There is a regulatory framework and operational guidelines for the investigations of all assets during drug trafficking cases. 21
CONTROL MEASURES RECOMMENDATION 24 ADOPT OR STRENGTHEN, AS APPLICABLE, CONTROL MEASURES FOR THE ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF FIREARMS, AMMUNITION, EXPLOSIVES AND OTHER RELATED MATERIALS ASSOCIATED WITH ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING. Evaluation: Partially complete has legislation criminalizing the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, ammunition, explosives and other related materials. The country requires appropriate markings on any firearms confiscated or forfeited. There is a registry of firearms, ammunition, explosives and other materials seized during drug trafficking operations. does not have measures in place to prevent losses or diversions in cases of licit trade. The country does not have a national authority responsible for coordinating controls on the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, ammunition, explosives and other related materials. 22
CONTROL MEASURES RECOMMENDATION 25 ESTABLISH, UPDATE, OR STRENGTHEN LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS IN MATTERS OF PREVENTION, DETECTION, INVESTIGATION, AND PROSECUTION OF MONEY LAUNDERING. Evaluation: Complete has criminalized money laundering in accordance with the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988 and the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime of 2000. The country has a Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) in accordance with the principles of the Egmont Group and the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendations on FIUs. There are regulations for the prevention and control of money laundering, financing of terrorism and forfeiture of illicitly derived assets that allows for the possibility of forfeiture of assets related to money laundering. 23
CONTROL MEASURES RECOMMENDATION 26 CREATE OR STRENGTHEN, IN ACCORDANCE WITH NATIONAL LEGISLATION, THE COMPETENT NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SEIZED AND/OR FORFEITED ASSETS, AND THE DISPOSITION OF FORFEITED ASSETS. Evaluation: Complete has a national agency responsible for the management of seized and forfeited assets derived from drug trafficking and related crimes. The country has regulations on the management and disposition of seized and forfeited assets, which include guidelines for the appropriate administration of such assets. The country participates in training programs on the management of seized and forfeited assets. 24
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION RECOMMENDATION 27 REAFFIRM THE PRINCIPLE OF COOPERATION CONTAINED IN INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS TO ADDRESS THE WORLD DRUG PROBLEM, THROUGH ACTIONS TO ENSURE COMPLIANCE AND EFFECTIVENESS. Evaluation: Mostly complete has ratified the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime of 2000, the Inter-American Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters of 1992 and has designated a central authority for said conventions. The country has legal provisions to permit extradition of foreign nationals for the serious crimes of drug trafficking and money laundering. In the case of its citizens, it does not provide for extradition for those crimes, but tries them in accordance with domestic law. There is legislation for reciprocal judicial assistance to third party States in investigations, trials and legal proceedings on drug trafficking and money laundering. The country has implemented measures to authorize the confiscation of proceeds derived from drug trafficking or property of equal value, and materials and equipment or other instrumentalities used in or intended for use in any manner in the commission of the crime of drug trafficking. The country has taken other measures to strengthen international cooperation in fighting drug trafficking. Also, there are channels of communication among its competent agencies and services in order to facilitate rapid and secure exchanges among national agencies. In addition, there are mechanisms for administrative cooperation with other countries agencies and services in inquiries on the identity, whereabouts and activities of persons allegedly linked to drug trafficking, and the movement of proceeds or assets used to commit the crime of drug trafficking. does not have legislation or other legal provisions that would permit the use of controlled delivery of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in order to identify persons implicated in the crime of drug trafficking. 25
CONCLUSIONS The MEM Sixth Evaluation Round report reflects the country s internal reality regarding the implementation of the Hemispheric Drug Strategy (2010) and its Plan of Action (2011-2015) from 2013 to mid-2014. CICAD recognizes that among the 27 common recommendations, completed seven, three mostly completed, three partially completed, three started, six not started and five do not apply. In the area of Institutional Strengthening, does not have a national drug authority or a national anti-drug strategy. There is no national observatory on drugs. The country does not have any of the three priority drug demand reduction studies and has most of the types of priority drug supply reduction information (9 of 10). In the area of Demand Reduction, does not have comprehensive demand reduction programs. The public health system facilities carry out guidance, brief intervention, aftercare, systematically refer persons affected by drug use to treatment and provide outpatient and residential treatment services as part of the general mental health services. Such facilities do not carry out early detection screening for drug use or provide recovery support services. The public health system facilitates limited access to treatment and rehabilitation services by referring persons affected by drug use to a religious non-governmental organization (NGO), but there is no social reinsertion nor does it monitor its services. The country has no alternatives to incarceration for drug-dependent criminal offenders. The appropriate government entities dealing with the drug issue do not have cooperative relationships with relevant civil society organizations or academic and research institutions. Training for demand reduction personnel is available for advanced programs, but there are no introductory training programs or continuing education on demand reduction in the country. In the area of Supply Reduction, CICAD agreed not to apply any category from the evaluation scale, given that does not have significant illicit crop areas. In the area of Control Measures, has no mechanisms to detect and identify laboratories for the illicit manufacturing of synthetic and plantbased drugs and there are no protocols in place to dismantle such laboratories. 26
With regard to the control of chemical substances and pharmaceutical products, the country has legislation for the control of controlled chemical substances and there is cooperation with other countries. There are regulations for the manufacturers and distributors of these substances as well as an updated register of all individuals or corporations handling controlled chemical substances. There are mechanisms that periodically evaluate the availability of narcotics and psychotropic substances for medical and scientific use. There are formal and informal exchange mechanisms among agencies responsible for the control of drug trafficking and related crimes. Also, mechanisms exist for the secure and effective exchange of intelligence information in investigation cases related to this area. There are ongoing training programs for the stakeholders involved in said control. The country has national statistical information in drug trafficking and related crimes. Regulatory updates are done based on the identification of new trends. A regulatory framework exists for the final and secure disposal of seized drugs. There is no national early warning system on new behaviors of criminal organizations. There is legislation criminalizing the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, ammunitions, explosives and other related materials, however, the country does not have a national authority responsible for coordinating controls on this matter and it does not have measures to prevent losses or diversions in cases of licit trade. There is a registry of these elements, seized during drug trafficking actions. There are regulations for the criminalization, prevention and control of money laundering. There are regulations and a single national agency for the management of such assets, derived from drug trafficking and related crimes. In the area of International Cooperation, has ratified the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime of 2000, the Inter-American Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters of 1992 and has designated a central authority for said conventions. The country has legal provisions to permit extradition of foreign nationals for the crimes of drug trafficking and money laundering. There are legal provisions to provide reciprocal judicial assistance to third party States in investigations, trials, and legal proceedings for drug trafficking and money laundering. However, the country does not have legislation 27
or other legal provisions that would enable it to use controlled delivery of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in order to identify persons implicated in the crime of drug trafficking. CICAD recognizes for its continued participation and commitment during the Sixth Evaluation Round of the MEM. In accordance with its national situation, the country is encouraged to fully implement the Plan of Action (2011-2015) of CICAD s Hemispheric Drug Strategy (2010). 28
SUMMARY OF THE STATUS OF COMPLIANCE WITH RECOMMENDATIONS INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING NO. RECOMMENDATION EVALUATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Establish and/or strengthen national drug authorities, placing them at a high political level, with the mission to coordinate the effective planning and implementation of national drug policies. Design, implement, strengthen and update national evidencebased strategies and policies on drugs. Establish and/or strengthen National Observatories on Drugs or similar technical offices to develop national drug information systems and foster scientific research on this subject. DEMAND REDUCTION Develop and implement comprehensive demand reduction policies, plans and/or programs. Design and implement a comprehensive system of evidencebased universal, selective, and indicated prevention programs, with measurable objectives, aimed at distinct target populations, including at-risk groups. Promote the integration of treatment and recovery plans and programs into the public health system and address drug dependence as a chronic, relapsing disease. Facilitate access for drug-dependent persons to a system of drug treatment, rehabilitation, social reintegration, and recovery services that are evidence-based and follow internationallyaccepted quality standards. Explore the means of offering treatment, rehabilitation, social reinsertion and recovery support services to drug-dependent criminal offenders as an alternative to criminal prosecution or imprisonment. Strengthen governmental relationships with academic and research institutions and specialized non-governmental organizations (NGOs), in order to generate evidence on the demand for drugs. Promote and strengthen training and continuing education of professionals, technicians and others involved in the implementation of demand reduction activities. NOT STARTED NOT STARTED PARTIALLY COMPLETE NOT STARTED NOT STARTED PARTIALLY COMPLETE STARTED NOT STARTED NOT STARTED STARTED 29
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 SUPPLY REDUCTION Adopt and/or improve comprehensive and balanced measures aimed at reducing the illicit supply of drugs. Adopt and/or improve data collection and analysis mechanisms with a view to carrying out assessments that will facilitate the development of public policies aimed at illicit supply of drugs reduction. Promote studies and research that contribute to the early identification and monitoring of new and emerging trends that could provide updated information on the illicit supply of drugs. According to the needs of each country, adopt comprehensive measures, such as integral and sustainable alternative development and law enforcement initiatives. Promote actions to reduce the negative impact on the environment caused by the world drug problem, in accordance with national policies. CONTROL MEASURES Implement programs to prevent and reduce the illicit production of synthetic and plant-based drugs. Adopt or strengthen control measures in order to prevent the diversion of controlled chemical substances towards illicit activities. Adopt or strengthen control measures to prevent the diversion of narcotics, psychotropic substances, pharmaceutical products with psychoactive properties and those used in the production of synthetic drugs. Ensure the adequate availability of narcotics needed for medical and scientific use. Strengthen national organizations for the control of illicit drug trafficking and related crimes. Identify new trends and patterns regarding illicit drug trafficking and related crimes. Promote improvements in information systems on illicit drug trafficking and related crimes. Adopt measures for effective cooperation in criminal investigations, investigation procedures, collection of evidence, and the exchange of intelligence information among countries, assuring due respect for the various national legal systems. Adopt or strengthen, as applicable, control measures for the illicit trafficking of firearms, munitions, explosives, and other related materials associated with illicit drug trafficking. NOT APPLIED NOT APPLIED NOT APPLIED NOT APPLIED NOT APPLIED STARTED COMPLETE COMPLETE COMPLETE MOSTLY COMPLETE COMPLETE MOSTLY COMPLETE COMPLETE PARTIALLY COMPLETE 30
25 26 27 Establish, update, or strengthen legislative and institutional frameworks in matters of prevention, detection, investigation, and prosecution of money laundering. Create or strengthen, in accordance with national legislation, the competent national organizations for the management of seized and/or forfeited assets, and the disposition of forfeited assets. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Reaffirm the principle of cooperation contained in international instruments to address the world drug problem, through actions to ensure compliance and effectiveness. COMPLETE COMPLETE MOSTLY COMPLETE 31
GLOSSARY I. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING Relevant actors: includes civil society, scientific community, university based researchers, government at the national, regional and local levels. II. DEMAND REDUCTION Alternatives to incarceration: vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but most involve suspension of the judicial process provided the offender volunteers to participate in a monitored drug treatment program. Available evidence: use of information, from different sources, to support an effect with an adequate degree of confidence, so that it can be used as a basis for a particular recommendation. The quality of the information sources will indicate the level of confidence for the estimate of the effect. Comprehensive (prevention) system: organizations and programs that provide addiction prevention services, and are interconnected with each other and with several organizations, programs and channels that provide support services. Indicated prevention programs: a set of actions targeting persons who use drugs. Public health system: Includes all organizations, institutions and resources whose principal objective is to carry out activities designed to improve health. The majority of national health systems include the public, private, traditional and informal sectors. The four primary functions of a health system include: provision of services, generation of resources, financing and management. Selective prevention programs: a set of actions targeting a specific segment of the population, which, because of personal, social, family, or socio-cultural and related characteristics, is vulnerable to the diverse risk factors leading to drug use. 32
Social reinsertion: any social intervention with the aim of integrating former or current problem drug users into the community. The three pillars of social reinsertion are (1) housing, (2) education and (3) employment (including vocational training). May also be referred to as social re-integration. Universal prevention programs: a set of preventive actions targeting the entire population independent of risk. III. SUPPLY REDUCTION Regulatory framework: the set of established laws and regulations that governs the activities of the institutions responsible for the formulation, development and application of drug supply reduction policies and/or programs. Risk factors: risk factors are those conditions that contribute to the emergence or strengthening of illicit activities and/or to the neutralization of law enforcement activities. Social inclusion: a situation which ensures that all citizens, without exception, are able to exercise their rights, use their skills, and take advantage of opportunities available to them. Vulnerable populations: those sectors or population groups that, due to poverty, ethnic origin, health, age, gender or disability, are unable to develop and improve their circumstances. This vulnerability places such persons at a disadvantage with regard to exercising their full rights and freedoms. IV. CONTROL MEASURES Drug characterization and impurity profiling: use of scientific laboratory information in support of law enforcement operation work, aimed at establishing links between drug samples. It consists of the systematic collection and sharing, in a standardized form, of physical and chemical information on a drug seizure, including the analysis and use of trace impurities to link different drug samples. 33
ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES (OAS) INTER-AMERICAN DRUG ABUSE CONTROL COMMISSION (CICAD) 1889 F STREET, NW WASHINGTON, DC 20006 202.370.5000 WWW.CICAD.OAS.ORG