Last Updated: Version 3.2 NQF-ENDORSED VOLUNTARY CONSENSUS STANDARDS FOR HOSPITAL CARE Measure Set: Pneumonia (PN) Set Measure ID #: Measure Information Form Performance Measure Name: Pneumococcal Vaccination Description: Pneumonia patients, age 65 and older, who were screened for pneumococcal vaccine status and were administered the vaccine prior to discharge, if indicated. Rationale: Pneumococcal vaccination is indicated for persons 65 years of age and older, because it is up to 75% effective in preventing pneumococcal bacteremia and meningitis. It is also an important vaccine due to increasing antibiotic resistance among pneumococci. In the United States today, vaccine coverage is suboptimal. Although inpatient vaccine screening and administration are recommended, hospitalization is an underutilized opportunity for adult vaccination. Type of Measure: Process Improvement Noted As: An increase in the rate Numerator Statement: Patients with pneumonia, age 65 and older, who were screened for pneumococcal vaccine status and were vaccinated prior to discharge, if indicated Included Populations: Not Applicable Excluded Populations: None Data Elements: Pneumococcal Vaccination Status Denominator Statement: Pneumonia patients 65 years of age and older Included Populations: Discharges: With an ICD-9-CM Principal Diagnosis Code of pneumonia as defined in Appendix A, Table 3.1 OR ICD-9-CM Principal Diagnosis Code of septicemia or respiratory failure (acute or chronic) as defined in Appendix A, Tables 3.2, or 3.3 AND -1
With an ICD-9-CM Other Diagnosis Code of pneumonia (Appendix A, Table 3.1) Excluded Populations: Patients less than 65 years of age Patients who have a Length of Stay greater than 120 days Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (Appendix A, Table 3.4) Patients who had no chest x-ray or CT scan that indicated abnormal findings within 24 hours prior to hospital arrival or anytime during this hospitalization Patients with Comfort Measures Only documented Patients enrolled in clinical trials Patients discharged/transferred to another hospital for inpatient care Patients who left against medical advice or discontinued care Patients who expired Patients discharged/transferred to a federal health care facility Patients discharged/transferred to hospice Data Elements: Admission Date Birthdate Chest X-ray Clinical Trial Comfort Measures Only Discharge Date Discharge Status ICD-9-CM Other Diagnosis Codes ICD-9-CM Principal Diagnosis Code Risk Adjustment: No Data Collection Approach: Retrospective, data sources for required data elements include administrative data and medical record documents. Some hospitals may prefer to gather data concurrently by identifying patients in the population of interest. This approach provides opportunities for improvement at the point of care/service. However, complete documentation includes the principal and other ICD-9-CM diagnosis and procedure codes, which require retrospective data entry. Data Accuracy: Variation may exist in the assignment of ICD-9-CM codes; therefore, coding practices may require evaluation to ensure consistency. Measure Analysis Suggestions: None Sampling: Yes, please refer to the measure set specific sampling requirements and for additional information see the Population and Sampling Specifications section. -2
Data Reported As: Aggregate rate generated from count data reported as a proportion Selected References: Bratzler DW, Houck PM, Jiang H, et al. Failure to vaccinate Medicare inpatients: a missed opportunity. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:2349-2356. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. General recommendations on immunization. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP). MMWR. 2002;51(RR02):1-36. Fedson DS, Houck PM, Bratzler D. Hospital-based influenza and pneumococcal vaccination: Sutton s Law applied to prevention. Infect Control Hosp Epi. 2000;21:692-699. Fine MF, Smith MAA, Carson CA, Meffe P, Sankery SS, Weissfeld LA, Detsky AS, Kapoor WN. Efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 1994(December); 154:2666-2677. Kissam S, Gifford DR, Patry G, et al. Is signed consent for influenza or pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination required? Arch Intern Med 2004; 164:13-16. Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueta A, Bartlett JG, Infectious Diseases Society of America; American Thoracic Society. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 March 1;44 Suppl 2:S27-72. Sisk JE, Moskowitz AJ, Whang W, et al. Cost-effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal bacteremia among elderly people. JAMA, 1997; 278:1333-1339. -3
: Pneumococcal Vaccination Numerator: Patients with pneumonia, age 65 and older, who were screened for pneumococcal vaccine status and were vaccinated prior to discharge, if indicated. Denominator: Pneumonia patients 65 years of age and older. START Variable Key: Patient Age Run cases that are included in the PN Initial Patient Population and pass the edits defined in the Transmission Data Processing Flow: Clinical through this measure. X Missing Chest X-Ray = 2, 3 B = 1 X Missing Comfort Measures Only = 1,2, 3 B = 4 X Missing Clinical Trial = Y B = N H -4
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Pneumonia (PN)-2: Pneumococcal Vaccination Numerator: Denominator: Variable Key: Patients with pneumonia, age 65 and older, who were screened for pneumococcal vaccine status and were vaccinated prior to discharge, if indicated. Pneumonia patients 65 years of age and older. Patient Age 1. Start processing. Run cases that are included in the Pneumonia (PN) Initial Patient Population and pass the edits defined in the Transmission Data Processing Flow: Clinical through this measure. 2. Check Chest X-Ray a. If Chest X-Ray is missing, the case will proceed to a Measure Category Assignment of X and will be rejected. Stop processing. b. If Chest X-Ray equals 2 or 3, the case will proceed to a Measure Category Assignment of B and will not be in the Measure Population. Stop processing. c. If Chest X-Ray equals 1, continue processing and proceed to Comfort Measures Only. 3. Check Comfort Measures Only a. If Comfort Measures Only is missing, the case will proceed to a Measure Category Assignment of X and will be rejected. Stop processing. b. If Comfort Measures Only equals 1, 2, or 3, the case will proceed to a Measure Category Assignment of B and will not be in the Measure Population. Stop processing. c. If Comfort Measures Only equals 4, continue processing and proceed to Clinical Trial. 4. Check Clinical Trial a. If Clinical Trial is missing, the case will proceed to a Measure Category Assignment of X and will be rejected. Stop processing. b. If Clinical Trial equals Yes, the case will proceed to a Measure Category Assignment of B and will not be in the Measure Population. Stop processing. c. If Clinical Trial equals No, continue processing and proceed to Patient Age. -6
5. Check Patient Age The Patient Age is calculated from Admission Date minus Birthdate as part of the ICD Population logic. a. If Patient Age is greater than or equal to 18 and less than 65, the case will proceed to a Measure Category Assignment of B and will not be in the Measure Population. Stop processing. b. If Patient Age is greater than or equal to 65, continue processing and proceed to Discharge Status. 6. Check Discharge Status a. If Discharge Status equals 02, 07, 20, 43, 50, 51, or 66, the case will proceed to a Measure Category Assignment of B and will not be in the Measure Population. Stop processing. b. If Discharge Status equals 01, 03, 04, 05, 06, 21, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, or 70, continue processing and proceed to Pneumococcal Vaccination Status. 7. Check Pneumococcal Vaccination Status a. If Pneumococcal Vaccination Status is missing, the case will proceed to a Measure Category Assignment of X and will be rejected. Stop processing. b. If Pneumococcal Vaccination Status equals 5, the case will proceed to a Measure Category Assignment of D and will be in the Measure Population. Stop processing. c. If Pneumococcal Vaccination equals 1, 2, 3, or 4, the case will proceed to a Measure Category Assignment of E and will be in the Numerator Population. Stop Processing. -7