Name: 4734-1 - Page 1 Warts result when certain viruses cause skin cells to reproduce at a high rate. This rapid reproduction of skin cells is due to the viruses stimulating cellular digestion mitotic cell division meiotic cell division synthesis processes The diagram below represents chromosomes in a zygote. Which activity most directly involves the process represented in the diagram below? a white blood cell engulfing bacteria a zygote being produced in an ovary a gamete reproducing sexually an animal repairing damaged tissue 5) The great variety of possible gene combinations in a sexually reproducing species is due in part to the Which diagrams best illustrate the daughter cells that result from normal mitotic cell division of this zygote? sorting of genes as a result of gene replication pairing of genes as a result of mitosis sorting of genes as a result of meiosis pairing of genes as a result of differentiation 6) Compared to human cells resulting from mitotic cell division, human cells resulting from meiotic cell division would have one-quarter as many chromosomes the same number of chromosomes one-half the number of chromosomes twice as many chromosomes 7) In sexually reproducing species, the number of chromosomes in each body cell remains the same from one generation to the next as a direct result of differentiation and aging mitosis and mutation homeostasis and dynamic equilibrium meiosis and fertilization 8) Most cells in the body of a fruit fly contain eight chromosomes. In some cells, only four chromosomes are present, a condition which is a direct result of mitotic cell division meiotic cell division internal fertilization embryonic differentiation The diagram above can be used to illustrate a process directly involved in tissue repair sexual reproduction meiosis recombination
9) The diagrams below represent some events in a cell undergoing normal meiotic cell division. Which diagram most likely represents a new cell resulting from meiotic cell division of the cell shown above? 10) Which diagram best represents part of the process of sperm formation in an organism that has a normal chromosome number of eight? 4734-1 - Page 2 1 Human egg cells are most similar to human sperm cells in their chromosome number degree of motility amount of stored food shape and size 1 A human zygote is produced from gametes that are usually identical in chromosome number the number of altered genes present cell size the expression of encoded information 15) As a result of sexual reproduction, an organism can pass a gene mutation to its offspring if the mutation occurs in white blood cells a body cell a gamete liver tissue 16) New inheritable characteristics would be least likely to result from mutations which occur in male gametes the sorting and recombination of existing genes during meiosis and fertilization mutations which occur in muscle cells and skin cells mutations which occur in female gametes 17) A sudden change in the DNA of a chromosome can usually be passed on to future generations if the change occurs in a brain cell skin cell sex cell liver cell Questions 11 and 12 refer to the following: 18) During meiosis, crossing-over (gene exchange between chromosomes) may occur. Crossing-over usually results in variation within the species fertilization and development overproduction of gametes the formation of identical offspring 1 If cell 2 has 30 chromosomes, cell 3 should have 60 chromosomes 45 chromosomes 30 chromosomes 15 chromosomes 1 Cell 1 is the result of the process of mitosis fertilization meiosis mutation
19) The diagram below shows a process that can occur during meiosis. The most likely result of this process is an increase in the chromosome number of the organism in which this process occurs a loss of genetic information that will produce a genetic disorder in the offspring an inability to pass either of these chromosomes on to offspring a new combination of inheritable traits that can appear in the offspring 20) The chromosome content of a skin cell that is about to form two new skin cells is represented in the diagram shown. 4734-1 - Page 3 2 Which statement is true of both mitosis and meiosis? Both occur only in reproductive cells. Both are involved in asexual reproduction. DNA replication occurs before the division of the nucleus. The number of chromosomes is reduced by half. 2 Offspring that result from meiosis and fertilization each have gene combinations identical to those of each parent twice as many chromosomes as their parents one-half as many chromosomes as their parents gene combinations different from those of either parent 2 Reproduction in humans usually requires mitotic cell division of gametes the process of cloning the external fertilization of sex cells gametes with chromosomes that are not paired 2 Changes in the genetic code of a human can be transmitted to offspring if they occur in cancer cells antibodies gametes cell membranes 25) Which process can produce new inheritable characteristics within a multicellular species? Which diagram best represents the chromosomes that would be found in the two new skin cells produced as a result of this process? cloning of the zygote differentiation in nerve cells gene alterations in gametes mitosis in muscle cells 26) The arrows in the diagram shown illustrate processes in the life of a species that reproduces sexually. Which processes result directly in the formation of cells with half the amount of genetic material that is characteristic of the species? 1 and 2 2 and 3 4 and 5 3 and 4
27) The diagram below illustrates some of the changes that occur during gamete formation. 4734-1 - Page 4 28) Which statement about the gametes represented in the diagram below is correct? They are produced by mitosis. They transport genetic material. They are fertilized in an ovary. They are produced by females. Which graph below best represents the changes in the amount of DNA in one of the cells at each stage? 29) A sperm cell from an organism is represented in the diagram below. Which statement regarding this sperm cell is not correct? Energy to move the flagellum originates in the middle piece. The head may contain a mutation. This cell can unite with another cell resulting in the production of a new organism. The acrosome contains half the normal number of chromosomes.
30) The bud shown in the diagram below was produced by asexual reproduction. 4734-1 - Page 5 3 Which row in the chart below indicates the correct process for each event indicated? Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 Which process is responsible for the formation of the bud? 3 The diagram below represents structures found in a human female. recombination fertilization meiosis mitosis 3 If a chemical that interrupts cell division is added to a culture of human liver tissue, which process would stop? mitosis meiosis breakdown of glucose diffusion of nutrients 3 Which of the following statements concerning the reproductive cells in the diagram below is correct? Which process results in the formation of structure X? cloning mitosis meiosis recombination 35) A dogfish shark contains 24 chromosomes in each of its muscle cells. How many chromosomes are normally found in each of its gametes? 24 48 12 6 An egg fertilized by one of these cells will develop into a female with the same characteristics as the mother. The cells are produced by mitosis and contain all the genetic information of the father. If one of these cells fertilizes an egg, the offspring will be identical to the father. Each of these cells contains only half the genetic information necessary for the formation of an offspring. 36) Structure C in the given diagram is part of which body system? reproductive circulatory nervous digestive
37) The diagram below represents part of a human reproductive system. 4734-1 - Page 6 39) A reproductive system is represented in the diagram below. One of the functions of this part of the system is to supply essential nutrients to the offspring in the form of milk produce specialized proteins used in the production and release of sperm provide nutritional support for the embryo provide a structure that allows the mixing of maternal and fetal blood If an injury occurred to the structure labeled A, the most likely result would be a problem with production of hormones delivery of sperm production of gametes excretion of urine 40) The diagram below represents the human male reproductive system. 38) The human female reproductive system is represented in the diagram below. Which activity would be prevented by blockages at X and Y? Production of gametes and support of the fetus normally occur in which structures? 3 and 5 2 and 4 4 and 5 1 and 2 movement of sperm out of the body passage of testosterone to the female to stimulate egg production movement of testosterone to the testes to stimulate sperm production transport of urine out of the body 4 The diagram below shows the human female reproductive system. The fetus normally develops within structure A B C D
4 Structures in a human female are represented in the diagram below. 4734-1 - Page 7 45) The diagram below represents the male reproductive system in humans. If structure X was cut and tied off at the arrow, which change would occur immediately? A heavy dose of radiation would have the greatest impact on genetic information in future offspring if it reached gametes developing within structure A B C D Questions 43 and 44 refer to the following: The diagram below represents the human female reproductive system. Urine would be produced but no longer released from the bladder. Sperm would no longer be produced. Sperm would be produced but no longer released from the body. Hormones would no longer be produced. 46) Some body structures of a human male are represented in the diagram below. 4 New inherited characteristics may appear in offspring as a result of new combinations of existing genes or may result from mutations in genes contained in cells produced by which structure in the given diagram? A B C D 4 In which part of the given organ system does a fetus usually develop? A B C D An obstruction in the structures labeled X would directly interfere with the transfer of sperm to a female production of sperm production of urine transfer of urine to the external environment
47) The diagram below represents the reproductive system of a mammal. 4734-1 - Page 8 48) Regulation of sexual reproductive cycles of human males is related most directly to the presence of the hormone testosterone estrogen insulin progesterone The hormone produced in structure A most directly brings about a change in blood sugar concentration the ability to carry out respiration the rate of digestion physical characteristics 49) The diagram below illustrates the process of cell division. What is the significance of anaphase in this process? In anaphase, the DNA is being replicated. Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter cell has twice as many chromosomes as the parent cell. In anaphase, the cell splits in half. 50) The diagram below shows a process that affects chromosomes during meiosis. This process can be used to explain why some offspring physically resemble their parents why some offspring are genetically identical to their parents the origin of new combinations of traits in offspring the process of differentiation in offspring