Medicine in Sports Training and Coaching

Medicine in Sports Training and Coaching

Medicine and Sport Science Vol. 35 Series Editors M. Hebbelinck, Brussels R.J. Shephard, Toronto, Ont. Founder and Editor from 1969 to 1984 E. Jokl, Lexington, Ky. KARGER Basel Freiburg Paris London New York New Delhi Singapore Tokyo Sydney

Medicine in Sports Training and Coaching Volume Editors J. Kanonen, Helsinki P.W.R. Lemon, Kent, Ohio I. hiev, Sofia 68 figures and 18 tables, 1992 KARGER Basel Freiburg Paris London New York New Delhi Singapore Tokyo Sydney

Medicine and Sport Science Published on behalf of the International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Medicine in sports training and coaching/volume editors, J. Kanonen, P.W.R. Lemon, I. Ilίev. (Medicine and sport science; vol. 35) "Published on behalf of the international Council of Sport Science and Physical Education." Tp. verso. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Sports medicine. I. Karvoven, Juha. II. Lemon, P.W.R. (Peter W.R.) III. Ihev, I. (litho) IV. international Council of Sport Science and Physical Education. V. Series [DNLM: 1. Physical Education and Training.] ISBN 3-8055-5517-2 (alk paper) Drug Dosage The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, απd the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage απd for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. All rights reserved. No pant of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form on by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, micnocopying, or by any information storage απd retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. C Copyright 1992 by S Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland) Printed in Switzerland on acid-free paper by ThOr AG Offsetdruck, Pratteln ISBN 3-8055-5517-2

Contents Preface IX Kabisch, D. (Kleinmachnow): Medical Management of Elite Athletes 1 Gachev, E.P. (Sofia) : Drugs and Sports 22 Karvonen, J. (Helsinki): Environmental Adaption and Physical Training 49 Ilíev, I. (Sofia): Training at Altitude 69 Shoilev, D. ( Sofia) : Etiology, General Treatment and Rehabilitation of Sports Injuries 104 Janssen, P.G.J.M. (Deurne): Heart Rate Monitoring for Estimation of Training Intensitγ 115 Lemon, P.W.R. (Kent, Ohio): Nutritional Factors in Strength and Endurance Training 160 Karvonen, J. (Helsinki): Overtraining 174 Karvonen, J. (Helsinki): Importance of Warm-up and Cool Down on Exercise Performance 189 Iso-Ahola, S.E. (College Park, Md.): Mental Training 215 Subject Index 235

Dedicated to Pawlinka, Mary Ellen and Anna-Líísa

Preface Until recently, sports medicine and coaching have been more or less separate disciplines with little overlap. As a result, there is a dearth of literature with a balance treatise of medicine in coaching, i.e. the common ground between medicine and coaching. Moreover, the existing meagre interdisciplinary literature has been aimed almost exclusively at the scientific community. In the present work, specialists in medicine and coaching outline ten of the major medical issues in elite sport. The intention was not to produce a technical handbook of coaching but to provide medical guidelines for coaches and health professionals involved in elite sport. In addition, `Medicine in Sports Training and Coaching' gives a coherent review of the physiological, psychological and medical limits of physical performance. Exceeding these limits may lead to a state of overtraining, e.g., when the intensity and volume of training is increased too rapidly. Although the limits of individual physical performance are reached easily when the increase in training load is excessively rapid, these limits can be extended substantially by means of gradual adaptive training. Supportive evidence for this can be found in the development of top athletes over the past hundred years. The contributors to `Medicine in Sports Training and Coaching' feature renowned authorities from five different countries. In addition to scientific expertise, the contributors have a great deal of practical experience with elite athletes and coaches. As will be apparent from the table of contents, the various chapters not only deal with the medical evaluation of athletes, but also provide new insight into popular themes such as nutrition, heart rate monitoring, high-altitude training, and doping. Finally, we would like to acknowledge Prof. M. Hebbelinck and Prof. R.J. Shephard, who were involved in this work on behalf of S. Karger AG, Basel. March, 1992 Juha Kanonen, MD Peter W.R. Lemon, PhD litho Iliev, MD