Macula densa Juxtaglomerular cells (JG cells) Extraglomerular mesangial cells (lacis cell) p.704 gap junction
Macula densa: -- tall, narrow, pale cells; sensor for the Na+ and Cl-- in the distal convoluted tubules at the point it passes by its own renal corpuscle, between afferent and efferent arterioles p.704 p.701
p.704 Juxtaglomerular cells(jg cells) -- modified smooth muscle cells (tunica media of afferent a.) -- the granules contain renin -- activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
renin (ACE) angiotensin-converting enzyme (in lung) Angiotensionogen angiotensin I angiotensin II aldosterone (suprarenal cortex) regulate Na+, Cl-, and H 2 O in the collecting tubule blood volume vasoconstriction of arterioles blood pressure p.704
Abdominal aorta renal artery segmental artery lobar artery interlobar artery arcuate artery interlobular artery afferent glomerular arteriole glomerulus efferent glomerular arteriole peritubular capillary, vasa recta interlobular veins arcuate veins Interlobar veins renal vein inferior vena cava p.723
Glomerulus of corticle nephrons > Efferent glomerular arteriole > Peritubular capillary network (in cortical labyrinth) > Glomerulus of juxtamedullary nephrons > Efferent glomerular arteriole > Arteriolae rectae (descending limb of vasa recta) > Venulae rectae (ascending limb of vasa recta) p.723
MH 1102 Kidney human H&E
Blood supply
p.724 -- ureter, urinary bladder,urethra A. Mucosa Transitional epithelium (urothelium) -- dome-shaped cells -- surface cells: 1. make a barrier impermeable to urine 2. change their shape and extent during bladder distention B. Muscularis -- inner longitudinal -- outer circular C. Adventitia or serosa
*Plaques: the thickened part of plasmalemma on the transitional epithelium.
Plaques: the thickened part of plasmalemma on the transitional epithelium. p.725 Fusiform vesicle
3 ~ 4 mm in diameter, 25 ~ 30 cm long A. Mucosa B. Muscularis -- inner longitudinal -- outer circular -- outermost longitudinal (lower 1/3) C. Adventitia -- Fibrous connective tissure
p.738 A. --B. ---C. -- Mucosa Transitional epithelium lamina propria (longitudinal folding) Muscularis inner longitudinal outer circular outermost longitudinal (lower 1/3) Adventitia Fibrous connective tissure
A. Mucosa -- Transitional epithelium -- lamina propria (longitudinal folding) B. Muscularis -- inner longitudinal -- outer circular -- outermost longitudinal (lower 1/3) C. Adventitia -- Fibrous connective tissure p.739 101
101
A. Mucosa B. Muscularis C. Adventitia or serosa. p.740
A. Mucosa -- transitional epithelium -- lamina propria B. Muscularis -- longitional, circular, longitudinal layers C. Adventitia or serosa. p.741 Detrusor
A. Mucosa -- transitional epithelium -- lamina propria B. Muscularis -- longitional, circular, longitudinal layers p.741
p.726 A. Mucosa -- transitional epithelium -- lamina propria B. Muscularis -- longitional, circular, longitudinal layers Bladder collapsed distended 看起來的層數 ( 實際不變 ) 多 少 頂端細胞向 lumen 凸扁平 p.741
B. Muscularis -- internal sphincter formed around entrance to urethra C. Adventitia or serosa. -- Top and upper margin of posterior surface of the urinary bladder are covered by serosa.
大唐名醫
1851 1935-Foley
20 cm in length A. Mucosa *Epithelium: Prostatic urethra (3 ~ 5 cm) Transitional epithelium Membraneous urethra (1cm) Stratified columnar epithelium Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Spongy urethra (15 cm) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium * Lamina propria: -- Loose fibroelastic connective tissue -- glands of Littré for mucus-secreting B. Muscularis Inner layer: longitudinal Outer: circular *External sphincter muscle --skeletal muscle around membranous portion of urethra
*Epithelium: Prostatic urethra (3 ~ 5 cm) Transitional epithelium Membraneous urethra (1cm) Stratified columnar epithelium Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Spongy urethra (15 cm) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epi.
3 ~ 5 cm in length A. Mucosa *Epithelium: 1. transitional epithelium near bladder 2. stratified columnar epithelium 3. stratified squamous epithelium near orifice *Lamina propria: folded longitudinally B. Muscularis 1. smooth muscle -- inner longitudinal -- outer circular 2. skeletal muscle -- lies ouside the smooth m. surface -- forms voluntary sphincter near orifice C. Adventitia
MH 1108 Female Urethra human H&E Lamina propria Urethra venous plexuses https://ww w.youtube.com/watc h?v=lfgy d1wrtge
MH 1101 Kidney human H&E Macula densa Vascular pole
MH 1102 Kidney human H&E Macula densa Distal convoluted tubule
MH 1104 Urinary Bladder human H&E mucosa smooth muscle layers muscularis
MH 1104 Urinary Bladder human H&E mucosa muscularis
MH 1104 Urinary Bladder human H&E mucosa
MH 1104 Urinary Bladder human H&E Transitional epithelium
MH 1103 Ureter human H&E adventitia Transitional epithelium inner longitudinal layer outer circular layer
MH 1103 Ureter human H&E Transitional epithelium
MH 1103 Ureter human H&E Transitional epithelium
MH 1107 Male Urethra human H&E urethra 穿過 prostate gland 中 prostate gland
MH 1107 Male Urethra human H&E urethra
MH 1107 Male Urethra human H&E Simple column epi. Transitional epithelium urethra
MH 1107 Male Urethra human H&E Transitional epithelium
MH 1108 Female Urethra human H&E 可見 smooth muscle 及 venous plexuses vagina Urethra
MH 1108 Female Urethra human H&E vagina stratified squamous epithelium
MH 1108 Female Urethra human H&E Lamina propria Urethra venous plexuses
MH 1108 Female Urethra human H&E venous plexuses
哪一個是Ureter 哪一個是Urethra Ureter Urethra