References. Guidelines

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1 References Guidelines American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Infectious Diseases Society of America. Controlling tuberculosis in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005, 172: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Guidelines for the investigation of contacts of persons with infectious tuberculosis: Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC. MMWR 2005; 54 (No. RR-15): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated guidelines for using interferon gamma release assays to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection - United States, MMWR 2010; 59 (No. RR-5): World Health Organization. Recommendations for investigating contacts of persons with infectious tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries. Geneva: World Health Organization; WHO/HTM/TB/ ; Reviews Noble RC. Infectiousness of pulmonary tuberculosis after starting chemotherapy. Review of the available data on an unresolved question. Am J Infect Control 1981;9: Etkind SC, Veen J. Contact follow-up in high- and low-prevalence countries. In: Reichman LB, Hershfield ES, eds. Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive International Approach. 2 nd edition, New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 2000: Morrison J, Pai M, Hopewell PC. Tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection in close contacts of people with pulmonary tuberculosis in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2008;8: Liu E, Cheng S, Wang X, Hu D, Zhang T, Chu C. A systematic review of the investigation and management of close contacts of tuberculosis in China. J Public Health 2010; 32: Edelson PJ, Phypers M. TB transmission on public transportation: a review of published studies and recommendations for contact tracing. Travel Med Infect Dis 2011: 9: Fox GJ, Barry SE, Britton WJ, Marks GB. Contact investigation for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2013; 41: Shah NS, Yuen CM, Heo M, Tolman AW, Becerra MC. Yield of contact investigations in households of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2014;58:

2 Blok L, Sahu S, Creswell J, Alba S, Stevens R, Bakker MI. Comparative meta-analysis of tuberculosis contact investigation interventions in eleven high burden countries. PLoS One :e Selected Articles Grzybowski S, Barnett GD, Styblo K. Contacts of cases of active tuberculosis. Bull Int Union Tuberc 1975;50: vanguens HA, Meijer J, Styblo K. Results of contact investigation in Rotterdam, Bull Int Union Tuberc 1975;50: Iseman MD. Containment of tuberculosis. Preventive therapy with isoniazid and contact investigation. Chest 1979;76 (suppl): Rose CE, Zerbe GO, Lantz SO, Bailey WC. Establishing priority during investigation of tuberculous contacts. Am Rev Respir Dis 1979;119: Snider DE, Kelly GD, Cauthen GM, et al. Infection and disease among contacts of tuberculosis cases with drug-resistant and drug-susceptible bacilli. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;132: Johnsen C. Tuberculosis contact investigation: two years of experience in New York City correctional facilities. Am J Infect Control 1993;21: 1-4. Klausner JD, Ryder RW, Baende E, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis in household contacts of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis in Kinshasa, Zaire. J Infect Dis 1993;168: Liippo KK, Kulmala K, Tala EO. Focusing tuberculosis contact tracing by smear grading of index cases. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148: Nunn P, Mungai M, Nyamwaya J, et al. The effect of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 on the infectiousness of tuberculosis. Tuber Lung Dis 1994;75: Behr MA, Hopewell PC, Paz EA, Kawamura LM, Schecter GF, Small PM. Predictive value of contact investigation for identifying recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158: Marks SM, Taylor Z, Qualls NL, et al. Outcomes of contact investigations of infectious tuberculosis patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162: Reichler MR, Reves RR, Bur S, et al. Evaluation of investigations conducted to detect and prevent transmission of tuberculosis. JAMA 2002;287:

3 Reichler MR, Reves RR, Bur S, et al. Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in contacts of new tuberculosis cases in the United States. South Med J 2002;95: Gerald LB, Tang S, Bruce F, et al A decision tree for tuberculosis contact investigation Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166: Yun LW, Reves RR, Reichler MR, et al. Outcomes of contact investigation among homeless persons with infectious tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003;7 (Suppl 3): S Davidow AL, Mangura BT, Wolman MS, et al. Workplace contact investigations in the United States. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003;7 (Suppl 3): S Daley, CL, Kawamura LM. The role of molecular epidemiology in contact investigations: a US perspective. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003;7 (Suppl 3): S Lambregts-van Weezenbeek CS, Sebek MM, et al. Tuberculosis contact investigation and DNA fingerprint surveillance in The Netherlands: 6 years' experience with nation-wide cluster feedback and cluster monitoring. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003;7 (Suppl 3): S Andre M, Ijaz K, Tillinghast JD, et al. Transmission network analysis to complement routine tuberculosis contact investigations. Am J Public Health 2007; 97: Arend SM, Thijsen SF, Leyten EM, et al. Comparison of two interferon-gamma assays and tuberculin skin test for tracing tuberculosis contacts. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175: Higuchi K, Harada N, Mori T, Sekiya Y. Use of QuantiFERON-TB Gold to investigate tuberculosis contacts in a high school. Respirology 2007;12: Cook VJ, Sun SJ, Tapia J, et al. Transmission network analysis in tuberculosis contact investigations. J Infect Dis 2007;196: Borgen K, Koster B, Meijer H, Kuyvenhoven V, van der Sande M, Cobelens F. Evaluation of a large-scale tuberculosis contact investigation in the Netherlands. Eur Respir J 2008;32: Bennett DE, Courval JM, Onorato I, et al. Prevalence of tuberculosis infection in the United States population: the national health and nutrition examination survey, Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;177: O'Neal S, Hedberg K, Markum A, Schafer S. Discordant tuberculin skin and interferon-gamma tests during contact investigations: a dilemma for tuberculosis controllers. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2009;13: Grinsdale JA, Ho CS, Banouvong H, Kawamura LM. Programmatic impact of using QuantiFERON -TB Gold in routine contact investigation activities. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011;15:

4 Van Wyk SS, Mandalakas AM, Enarson DA, Gie RP, Beyers N, Hesseling AC. Tuberculosis contact investigation in a high-burden setting: house or household? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012;16: Anger HA, Proops D, Harris TG, et al. Active case finding and prevention of tuberculosis among a cohort of contacts exposed to infectious tuberculosis cases in New York City. Clin Infect Dis 2012;54: Bargman C, Reves R, Parker M, Belknap R, Bettridge J, Bedell DT, Galvis ME, Ho CS, Jereb JA. Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a high school and school-based supervision of an isoniazid-rifapentine regimen for preventing tuberculosis - Colorado, MMWR 2013; 62: Marienau KJ, Cramer EH, Coleman MS, Marano N, Cetron MS. Flight related tuberculosis contact investigations in the United States: comparative risk and economic analysis of alternate protocols. Travel Med Infect Dis 2014;12: Fujikawa A, Fujii T, Mimura S, Takahashi R, Sakai M, Suzuki S, Kyoto Y, Uwabe Y, Maeda S, Mori T. Tuberculosis contact investigation using interferon-gamma release assay with chest x- ray and computed tomography. PLoS One 2014; 9:e Sloot R, Schim, van der Loeff MF, Kouw PM, Borgdorff MW. Yield of tuberculosis contact investigations in Amsterdam: opportunities for improvement. Eur Respir J 2014;44: Sloot R, Schim van der Loeff MF, Kouw PM, Borgdorff MW. Risk of tuberculosis after recent exposure; a 10-year follow-up study of contacts in Amsterdam. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190: Gonzślez-Moreno J, García-Gasalla M, Gállego-Lezaun C, et al.role of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube in tuberculosis contact investigation: experience in a tuberculosis unit. Infect Dis 2015;47: Tadesse Y, Gebre N, Daba S, et al. Uptake of isoniazid preventive therapy among under-five children: TB contact investigation as an entry point. PLoS One 2016;11:e Arnold A, Witney AA, Vergnano S, et al.xdr-tb transmission in London: Case management and contact tracing investigation assisted by early whole genome sequencing. J Infect 2016; 73: An der Heiden M, Hauer B, Fiebig L, et al. Contact investigation after a fatal case of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in an aircraft, Germany, July Euro Surveill 2017; 23:22. Ayakaka I, Ackerman S, Ggita JM, et al. Identifying barriers to and facilitators of tuberculosis contact investigation in Kampala, Uganda: a behavioral approach. Implement Sci 2017;12:33.

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