Microfluidics and Biosensors for Point-of- Care Diagnostics
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1 Microfluidics and Biosensors for Point-of- Care Diagnostics Xuanhong Cheng Materials Science and Engineering Bioengineering Lehigh University November 24, 2014
2 Microfluidics for Basic Medicine Water Supply Micronit.com
3 Advantage of Microfluidic Systems Small sample volume Small reagent volume Low production cost Portable, potential for integration and automation High surface to volume ratio Laminar flow, predictable transport property
4 POC Diagnostics
5
6 Micro-scale Fabrication Master
7 HIV Diagnostics 1000 WHO Stage 2 and 3: Symptomatic HIV infection CD Mild infections Weight loss, fatigue TB, Thrush CD4 Count WHO Stage 1: Asymptomatic HIV infection CD4 >500 WHO Stage 4 AIDS CD4 < 200 TB, infections Death ~18 months 2 Time (years) 4 6
8 Impact of Treatment Begin ART CD4 Viral load (HIV RNA level) Weeks time Years
9 Clinical Indicators Basic Water Supply 10 Viral load 7 HIV RNA level (copies/ 4 ml plasma) CD4 cell count 600 (cells/µl blood) Weeks Years
10 State of the Art Technologies Basic Water Supply BD FACSCalibur CD4-count start treatment < 200 cells/ul Viral load count measure resistance to treatment RT PCR
11 Lab Diagnostics Basic in Resource Water Supply Poor Settings
12 What is Needed Low cost Easy to use Rapid and Robust Portable Sensitive and specific
13 Microchip Technology Basic Water for Medicine Supply
14 Portable CD4 Counter Cl - Cl - K + Cl - Cl - K + Na + K +
15 Microfluidic Cell Counting Chip CD4 counting microchip Daktari Diagnostics Inc. Cheng, X. et. al, Lab on a Chip, 2007
16 Nanoporous Membrane for Viral Processing and Sensing Controllable pore size High porosity Bio-functionality Tight pore size distribution Thin membranes
17 Embedded Nanoporous Membranes for Virus Capture PDMS membrane
18 Embedded Nanoporous Membranes for Virus Staining
19 Optically Forced Cytometry for Nanoparticle Counting
20 Detection of Bacteria Viability Cell Staining Flow Cytometer Molecular Markers Significant in clinical diagnosis, biohazard surveillance, food safety monitoring, etc. Contemporary approaches require laboratory access Electrical test can be fast, compact, sensitive and label free
21 Broadband Electrical Sensing Dielectric Constant Cellular Proper:es Subcellular Proper:es Molecular Proper:es Conduc:vity (ms/cm) Frequency (Hz) HP Schwan (1985): Hypothesis based on :ssue measurement
22 Broad Band Electrical Sensing 22
23 Experimental Setup RF In Cells In Micro- Chamber Syringe Pump Inverted Microscope Signal Generator High- Speed Oscilloscope Network Analyzer
24 RF In Cells In Input Reflec2on RF Connector Cells in μ- Chamber RF Connector Transmission
25 Modeling to Extract Cell Information Sample Volume = 20 cubes of 10μm 10 μm 10 μm
26 Cell Immobilized by Dielectrophoresis
27 Differentiating Live vs Dead HEK Cells 2 S 11 Disp. (10 10 db/hz) S 11 Live S 11 Dead No. of Cells Trapped
28 Differentiating Dead HEK and Jurkat Cells 1 HEK Jurkat S 11 Disp. (10 10 db/hz) S 11 Dead HEK S 11 Dead Jurkat No. of Cells Trapped
29 Differentiating Live and Dead E. coli Number of bacteria average delta S 11 (db) Live Dead
30 Biofilm Monitoring on a Chip Culture Absorbance CM1 19 h 1.2 LB 19h Log scale Conduc:vity (ms) Next Steps Monitor biofilm growth on chip Screen anti-biofilm reagents
31 Acknowledgments Collaborators Fil Bartoli Arthur Chiou (Yangming U, Taiwan) Tim Friel (LVHN) MarJn Hirsch (MGH) Jim Hwang Jim Gilchrist Sabrina Jedlicka Yaling Liu Alp Oztakin Daniel Ouyang William Rodriguez (MGH) Olga LaJnovic (IHV) Peikuen Wei (Academia Sinica, Taiwan) Frank Zhang Students Caroline Multari Krissada Surawathanawises Bu Wang Chao Zhao
32
33 Nanoporous Membrane for Viral Processing and Sensing Controllable pore size High porosity Bio-functionality Tight pore size distribution Thin membranes
34 Embedded Nanoporous Membranes for Viral Processing 120 Percentage of Virions (%) nm Pores 20nm Pores Filtrate Absorbed on membrane Suspended above membrane 0 Viral Concentration (/ml) 8e+7 6e+7 4e+7 2e+7 0 Original Sample 1mL filtration + 10µL Wash % of Virions Captured on Membranes Bare PEG AntiCD44
35 Community-based Care Care takes place in the community. Reinforced in the clinic.
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