HIV & AIDS Cases in Alameda County

Transcription

1 HIV & AIDS Cases in Alameda County Presentation to the CCPC August 24, 2011 Elaine Bautista & Alex Marr

2 What is Epidemiology? The study of the distributions (who, where and when) and determinants (what and why) of morbidity (sickness) and mortality (death) among human populations

3 AIDS Epidemiology Terminology o Proportion = Percent of cases o Incidence = new cases in time period o Prevalence = existing cases in time period o Cumulative = all cases ever reported regardless if alive or deceased

4 Rate The occurrence of an event (disease), accounting for the size of the population Infers a measure of time Allows for comparisons of populations The number of cases occurring during a specific time period divided by the population during that time period Usually expressed per 1,000 or 100,000

5 Rate (Cont.)

6 Case Rate Number of cases Total Population * 100,000 = Rate Example: the rate in Alameda County for 2000 is: 225 x 100,000 = ,443,741 and the rate among African Americans in 2000 is: _ ,124 x 100,000 = 60.2

7 Caveats Potential Limitations o o o When stratified by race and sex, some HIV diagnostic values are too low to ascertain a case rate. We present the full race breakdown by percentage of new HIV diagnoses. However, we focused on the following three races with high enough counts for the trend: n Latino n African American n White As HIV surveillance by name was implemented in 2006, HIV diagnostic data before 2006 may not be comparable. For the purposes of this presentation, cases (including transgender cases) are categorized by the Sex at birth.

8 HIV/AIDS Diagnoses, Deaths and persons Living with HIV/AIDS Alameda Co. California Diagnosis of HIV, Diagnosis of AIDS, Average HIV/AIDS Rate, per 100, Cumulative diagnosis of HIV, Cumulative diagnosis of AIDS infection, ,413 41,892 8, ,329 Cumulative deaths in persons with HIV Cumulative deaths in persons with AIDS 23 1,385 4,345 88,842

9 HIV & AIDS Infections by Year of Diagnosis and Deaths among Persons with HIV Infection

10 HIV/AIDS Cases by Sex

11 Number of Newly Reported HIV (non-aids) Cases, Alameda County Number of New Reported HIV Cases Number of Newly Reported HIV (non-aids) Cases Among Males and Females, Alameda County Year of HIV Diagnosis Latino African American/Black White Number of New Reported HIV Cases Number of Newly Reported HIV (non-aids) Cases Among Males, Alameda County Year of Diagnosis Latino African American/Black White 40 Number of New Reported HIV Cases Number of Newly Reported HIV (non-aids) Cases Among Females, Alameda County Year of HIV Diagnosis Latina African American/Black White Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ehars. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, [ ].

12 Annual HIV/AIDS Case rates by Race/Ethnicity and Year of Diagnosis

13 Percentage of Newly Reported HIV (non-aids) Cases By Race/Ethnicity, Alameda County Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ehars. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, [ ].

14 Percentage of Newly Reported HIV (non-aids) Cases By Race/Ethnicity, Alameda County Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ehars. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, [ ].

15 Newly Reported HIV/AIDS Infections by Reported Transmission Mode and Sex, Alameda County

16 Newly Reported HIV/AIDS Infections among Males by Reported Transmission Mode and Race/Ethnicity, Alameda County, Latino Males

17 Newly Reported HIV/AIDS Infections among Females by Reported Transmission Mode by Race/Ethnicity, Alameda County, Latina

18 Injection Drug Users (includes IDU and MSM&IDU)

19 Case Rates of Newly Reported HIV (non-aids) Cases by Race/Ethnicity, Alameda County Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ehars. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, [ ].

20 Case Rates of Newly Reported HIV (non-aids) Cases by Race/Ethnicity, Alameda County

21 HIV and AIDS Cases by Age Group Alameda County,

22 HIV (non-aids) Cases by Age Group, Alameda County

23 AIDS Cases by Age Group, Alameda County

24 Persons Living with HIV/AIDS Alameda County,

25 Demographic Characteristics of PLWH/A *(Includes cases residing in Alameda County but diagnosed elsewhere)

26 Demographic Characteristics of PLWH/A *(Includes cases residing in Alameda County but diagnosed elsewhere)

27 Case Fatality = the number of deaths in a sub-population MALES Race/ Ethnicity African Amer Amer Ind/ AK Native Asian/ Pac Isl Cumulative Total HIV+ Cases #Deaths Case Fatality % % % Latino % White % FEMALES Race/ Ethnicity African Amer Amer Ind/ AK Native Asian/ Pac Isl Cumulative Total HIV+ Cases #Deaths Case Fatality % % % Latina % White %

28 Late Testers o The number of individuals who progress to AIDS within one year of initial HIV diagnosis. Includes those with HIV & AIDS simultaneous diagnosis. o As a % of AIDS Cases = 47.2% o As a % of all HIV Positive Cases = 40.1%

29 Late Testers 80 Proportion of Late Testers among AIDS Cases Late Testers AIDS Dx at 1st HIV test Percent

30 Percent Late Testers among each Demographic Characteristics (% of Group who were Late Testers) Late Testers by Gender Late Testers by Race/Ethnicity Percent Male (n=3181) Female (n=586) MTF (n=22) FTM (n=2) Other/Unk Multi-race Amer Ind/AK Native Asian/Pacific Isl Hispanic African Amer 25.5% 16.7% 43.1% 44.8% 43.8% 100.0% Late Testers by Transmission Mode Heter Contact IDU Risk not Specified MSM&IDU MSM Transf, Transpl Mom w HIV Other Percent White 34.3% Late Testers by Age at Diagnosis yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs 60 & over Adult Hemoph 15.4

31 Characteristics of Late Testers (n=3791)

32 Characteristics of Transgendered Persons in Alameda Co. # Cases

33 Conclusions o o o o o o The number of diagnosed HIV cases surpassed the number of AIDS cases in HIV/AIDS cases are predominantly among Males. Females comprise 15-20% of diagnosed cases. African Americans comprise the majority of HIV/AIDS cases, followed by Whites and Latinos. HIV/AIDS is diagnosed predominantly among individuals aged A slight increase in older adults age 50 years and above has been seen in recent years. New way of looking at Persons Living with HIV/AIDS to include new residents who were diagnosed elsewhere. New ways of looking at late testers. The use of the data will depend on the completeness of the surveillance data and the message being conveyed.