KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION, AND ATTITUDE OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS TOWARDS ORGAN DONATION IN LEBANON: A TERTIARY CARE CENTER SURVEY
|
|
- Nigel Hodge
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SPECIAL REPORT ORGANS, TISSUES & CELLS, (17), , 2014 KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION, AND ATTITUDE OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS TOWARDS ORGAN DONATION IN LEBANON: A TERTIARY CARE CENTER SURVEY Talia Ariss 2, Sima Naamani 1, Hani Tamim 3, Maria Karam 1, Mohamad Khalife 1, Rana Sharara-Chami 1 1 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon 2 Department of Psychology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Keywords - Organ donation, transplantation, Middle East, knowledge, attitude Received October 10 th, 2014, revised November 28 th, 2014, accepted November 28 th, 2014 Summary - Background: Organ transplantations in the Middle East are limited because of ethical, legal, social and religious concerns. In Lebanon, organ transplantation centers existtoday across the country alongside associations promoting organ donation. Nevertheless, policies allowing the identification of potential donors are still lacking and the attitudes of healthcare providers themselves remain divided. Although studies conducted in Qatar and Turkey show effort towards the promotion of organ donation, in Lebanon research remains minimal.this study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and perception of health care workers on the subject of organ transplantation and demonstrates their lack of knowledge about the topic. Methods: s were sent to all healthcare professionals at the American University of Beirut Medical Center asking them to respond to a 19-item questionnaire. 167 participants replied, thus yielding a response rate of 11.3%. Data pertaining to the participants demographics educational levels knowledge and attitudes towards the topic was collected. Results: A score, looking at the participants ability to enumerate organs that can be donated was used to form the knowledge about organ donation variable. The cross tabulation of that variable with those of demographics, education, and attitude didn t render any statistically significant results. Among attitude variables, however, religious reasons were noted as the number 1 reason for professionals to be against/undecided about transplantation. Conclusion: This lack of significance shows that, regardless of their expertise and affiliations, healthcare professionals demonstrate a lack of knowledge when it comes to the topic of organ donation. Lack of knowledge about the topic among professionals (even those supportive of the idea) prevents them from promoting organ donation or raising awareness about it. Correspondence: Rana Sharara-Chami, MD, FAAP, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box: , Riad El-Solh , Beirut, Lebanon; rsharara@aub.edu.lb 169
2 Introduction Organ donation has established itself as standard medical care to be offered to patients with terminal, end-stage diseases (1). However, most countries still suffer from a shortage of cadaveric organs because of excess demand and low supply. For instance, in the United States, organ transplantation rates have been steadfast while the waiting lists keep increasing in number (2). More importantly, while on the organ transplant list, around 300 children die each year in the U.S. (2). Similarly, in 2006, in European countries like France, over ten thousand patients were on the waiting list for organ transplantation but less than half the number actually received it (3). In order to compensate for the scarcity of organ donations, and in an attempt to bridge the widening gap between supply and demand, many healthcare professionals are suggesting alternatives to donations after brain death (DBD) through donations after cardiac death (DCD) (4). With the right safety procedures, the development of organ preservations methods, and the progress in immunosuppressant medications, it is expected that the number of acquired organs would increase by 15 to 25% (4). Programs for organ donations after cardiac death have already been established in several countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, the Netherlands, and Denmark (1). In the Middle East, organ transplantation activities only started in the 1970s (1). These transplantations were performed with the use of living donors because the idea of collecting organs from patients who had died from cardiac arrest or brain death had faced sturdy opposition (1). At the time, few Arab countries have resorted to such transplantation methods because of ethical dilemmas that come along with this practice, legal and social conflicts, as well as rigid religious beliefs (1). However nowadays, efforts are being mobilized to surpass these quandaries and brain death is now recognized as an irreversible process in the Arab world (1). Lebanon is a small country on the Mediterranean border. The population consists of near equal proportions of Muslim and Christians with a small Muslim predominance. The health care system is variable with social security for most but not all and a big portion of private healthcare. In Lebanon, the first organ transplant occurred in It was a kidney transplant undertaken with the help of a living donor at Barbir hospital (5). Ever since, organ transplantation centers opened across the country starting in Beirut; the first one being at Rizk Hospital in 1985, followed by Hotel Dieu de France as well as the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) in 1997 (5). The last hospitals to establish a transplant center were Hammoud hospital in Sayda and the Islamic hospital in Tripoli, which opened in 2003 and 2004 respectively (5). Many organ transplantation centers opened across the country starting in Beirut (5). These include: the Lebanese Association for Organ and Kidney Donation (ALDOR), and the National Organization for Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplantation (NOOTDT) (5). Although some campaigns have been mobilized to promote organ donations, the NOOTDT was almost never notified of the presence of patients that were likely to be donors (5). This still applies and we believe that one of the main reasons for the observed phenomenon is lack of policies to identify and approach potential donors (5). A research by Schaeffner, Windsch, Freidel, Breitenfeldt, and Winkkelmayer (6) determined the importance of the role that health care professionals hold in the procurement of organs and tissues. Since these experts are the first people to come in contact with a terminal patient and his family, they should be qualified enough to identify a potential donor and find the right time to approach the patient or the family, or consult with organ donation associations (6, 3). A recent study by Alsaied, Bener, Al-Mosalamani and Nour (7) sought to investigate the importance of the degree of expertise and level of awareness among health care professionals on organ donation. The target population of the study included physicians, nurses, and emergency medical services technicians working in Qatar, a Muslim Arab country in the Middle East (7). The authors found that, although the body of medical workers was knowledgeable to some degree about the topic of organ donation, the concept of collecting and giving organs has yet to be integrally accepted. In fact, the health care professionals demonstrated a general positive attitude towards donation and transplantation but when assessed on a more personal level, they were less keen on donating organs. Alsaied et al. (7) therefore stressed on the need to set up educational programs in schools and universities in order to raise awareness via open discussions and conferences about procurement and other procedures of organ donations. Another study carried out in Istanbul (another Muslim but non-arab country in the Middle East) demonstrated similar patterns of attitudes and knowledge towards organ transplantation. The target population included professionals working in the organ donation wings and dialysis units of the healthcare system (8). The authors demonstrated that although most medical workers support the concept of organ donation as a method of treatment, they are often reluctant to be part of the donor pool. The authors suggested that lack of faith in the system is one potential explanation for the discrepancy between beliefs and actions. On the other hand, it was noted that health care professionals who were aware that organ donation is religiously acceptable were more likely to donate their organs (8). Therefore, the authors highlighted the role of religion in determining one s personal decisions regarding organ transplantation and that greater education on reli- 170 T. Ariss et al.
3 gious stands could significantly increase the donor pool (8). In Lebanon, research on organ donation is scant. The present study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and perception of health care workers on the subject of organ transplantation and demonstrate that healthcare providers are not knowledgeable about the topic as much as they think they are regardless of their expertise (age, years of service ) thus raising awareness potentially resulting in optimizing the organ transplantation process. Methods Instruments This non-funded study surveys the knowledge, perception, and attitude of healthcare professionals towards the topic of organ donation in Lebanon. It was carried out between the months of November 2013 and January After approval from the American University of Beirut s Institutional Review Board, s were sent to healthcare professionals asking them to respond to a 19-item questionnaire that was created by the principal investigator with the help of the study coordinator and the collaborators. It is based on similar papers in the literature and follows the general knowledge, attitude, behavior pattern usually used in devising similar questionnaires. It includes four main sections that consist of demographic data of participants, their education level and affiliation with the medical school/ center, their knowledge about organ donation, and lastly their attitudes and behavior towards the topic itself. The participant s degree of knowledge on the topic of organ donation was assessed by asking questions such as How knowledgeable do you think you are about the topic of organ donation?, Do you know any association for organ donation in Lebanon?, Do you know where was the first donation was performed in Lebanon?, and finally Do you know which organs might be donated?. Participants objective measure of how actually knowledgeable they were was assessed by taking into consideration that last question. They were considered to be knowledgeable when they managed to correctly list five or more organs that could potentially be used for a transplant. In the same vein, attitudes towards organ donation were determined by directly asking participants whether or not they are in favor of organ donation. If not they were asked to provide an explanation as to why they would oppose it. Furthermore, they were asked more indirect questions such as whether they would accept a donor organ or not if they ever found themselves in the need of one or whether they were acquainted with someone who had received or donated an organ. Finally, participants were asked to rate how religious they were using a religiosity scale. The Likert based scale ranges from 1 to 10 with a reported score of 1 considered to be not religious at all and a reported score of 10 considered to be very religious. In addition, participants were asked to report which religious faith they followed. Subjects Our sample was randomly collected from the population of health care workers at the American university of Beirut Medical Hospital (AUBMC)-) - a tertiary health care center with a transplantation program. A total of N=167 responded to the by filling out the questionnaire resulting in a response rate of 11.3%. The sample is comprised of 99 females and 68 males. Survey responses were collected from various health care professionals targeting all departments within the hospital including attending physicians, fellows, residents, medical students and nurses. The majority of the study participants werewas of Lebanese nationality and originated from Beirut, followed by Mount Lebanon while the rest were either from the South or the Bekaa area (Table 1). Statistical Analyses Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and then transferred to the Statistical Analysis Software (SAS), version 9.1, which was used for data management and analyses. Variables were presented as number and percent, and the association with knowledge was assessed using the Chi-square test or Fisher s Exact test, as applicable. A p-value <0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance. Results Though it was expected that demonstrating knowledge regarding the first donation performed in Lebanon would make healthcare professionals more knowledgeable about the subject of organ donation as a whole, results did not support that hypothesis. Comparable expectations were held in terms of finding a correlation between familiarity with organ donation associations in the country and organ donors/receivers on one hand, and general knowledge about the topic on the other. These expectations were not however supported by our results either. In fact, being aware of at least one organ donation association in Lebanon was the sole variable showing only marginal significance (p =.06) in comparison with knowing where the first donation in Lebanon was performed and being acquainted with an organ donor or receiver, both of which yielded highly insignificant results. Such findings are consistent with the discrepancies in the number of knowledgeable and non-knowledgeable subjects in each variable: out of the 41 subjects who were familiar with an organ donation association, 16 were shown, perception, and attitude of healthcare professionals towards organ donation in Lebanon 171
4 Variables Age Gender No knowledge 0-30 years 23 (59.0%) 84 (65.6%) years 13 (33.3%) 33 (25.8%) > 51 years 3 (7.7%) 11 (8.6%) Male 14 (35.9%) 54 (42.2%) Female 25 (64.1%) 74 (57.8%) Area Beirut Other 27 (69.2%) 12 (30.8%) 94 (73.4%) 34 (26.6%) 0.61 Nationality Lebanese Other 36 (92.3%) 3 (7.7%) 115 (89.8%) 13 (10.2%) 0.65 Relationship Status Single Non Single 20 (51.3%) 19 (48.7%) 61 (47.7%) 67 (52.3%) 0.69 Children 0 Children At least 1 child 27 (69.2%) 12 (30.8%) 82 (64.1%) 46 (35.9%) 0.55 Religion Muslim Christian Druze or other 17 (43.6%) 20 (51.3%) 2 (5.1%) TABLE 1 - Association between the demographic variables and knowledge about organ donation. 58 (45.3%) 51 (39.8%) 19 (14.8%) 0.26 Knowing an organ donor or receiver did not present any particular trends as both those who were and those who were not acquainted with an organ donor or receiver showed very similar numbers (Table 2). When participants were asked whether they favored organ donation, 83.3% of the sample reported that they were with organ donation. The remaining 16.7% were either against, undecided or neutral in their position. Despite such positions, interestingly, only 3 individuals out of the 167 participants stated that they would not accept an organ from another person if they needed one, whereas 14 reported that they were undecided about the matter and finally the vast majority, being 150 responses, expressed a willingness to accept a donor organ when in need. When looking at religiosity scores of the sample, 22.8% did not consider themselves religious, 36.5% considered themselves moderately religious and 40.7% viewed themto be knowledgeable about the topic of organ donation while 25 were not. This discrepancy was even larger for individuals who were not familiar with such associations (out of 126 subjects 23 were knowledgeable while 103 were not). Similarly, among the only 3 healthcare professionals who answered correctly about the location of the first organ donation procedure in Lebanon, 2 were found to be knowledgeable about the topic and one was not while only 37 of those who did not answer correctly were shown to be knowledgeable in comparison with the 127 others who were not. Only half of the participants reported being acquainted with someone who has received or donated an organ. When asked to provide further information as to which organ could be donated, kidneys were reported to be the most commonly accepted organ with a 35.9% frequency of occurrence in the sample, followed by liver transplants (22%), cornea transplants (6.0%) and finally heart and lung transplants (4.2%). Variables No Know association No 16 (41%) 23 (59%) 25 (19.5%) 103 (80.5%).006 Know first donation No 2 (5.1%) 37 (94.9%) 1 (0.8%) 127 (99.2%) 0.07 Know donor/receiver No 19 (48.7%) 20 (51.3%) 64 (50%) 64 (50%) 0.89 TABLE 2 - Association between knowledge variables and actual knowledge about organ donation. 172 T. Ariss et al.
5 Variables No Position With Undecided or Neutral Against 35 (89.7%) 4 (10.2%) 105 (82%) 17 (13.3%) 6 (4.7%) 0.50 Reason N/A Religious reasons Worry about appearance Not enough information/own belief 38 (97.4%) 1 (2.6%) 114 (89.1%) 6 (4.7%) 2 (1.6%) 6 (4.7%) 0.54 Accept organ No/Undecided 36 (92.3%) 3 (7.7%) 114 (89.1%) 14 (10.9%) 0.56 Religiosity scale (28.2%) 9 (23.1%) 19 (48.7%) 27 (21.1%) 52 (40.6%) 49 (38.3%) 0.14 TABLE 3 - Association between behavior variables and knowledge about organ donation. selves as religious. 19 out of the 68 who considered themselves religious were shown to be knowledgeable about organ transplantation while the other 49 were not. 9 out of the 61 respondents falling in the 4-7 range of the religiosity scale also seemed to be knowledgeable about the topic while the other 52 were not. Finally, 11 and 27 of those who considered themselves not religious were found to be respectively knowledgeable and non knowledgeable about organ transplantation (Table 3). In relation to the education level and/or career related variables, it was found that neither the role nor the department or the years of service had any significant effects on the degree of knowledge of healthcare professionals. In fact, none of the 8 fellows who responded to our were knowledgeable about organ donation (Table 4). 10 out of 32 attending, 8 out of 33 residents, 7 out of 30 students and 14 out of 64 nurses only were knowledgeable about the topic. This did not differ whether these healthcare providers were in in-patient or out-patient departments (15 knowledgeable in in-patient departments and 19 in outpatient departments from a total of 140 individuals). The years of service at AUBMC also didn t have any statistical significance with the majority of the respondents falling in the 0-5 years at AUBMC range. 27 out of 108 professionals from that range were knowledgeable about organ donation while 81 were not. Similarly, 6 out of 32 healthcare providers having spent 6 to 10 years at AUBMC were knowledgeable about the topic in comparison with 26 who were not and 6 out of 26 individuals having spent more than 11 years of service at AUBMC were found knowledgeable in comparison with 20 who were not. Results from Table 1 showed that neither age nor gender had significant impacts on the degree of knowledge about organ donation. However, it is worth noting that the age range between 31 and 50 years seems more knowledgeable about the topic than younger and older counterparts Variables No Role Attending Fellow Resident Student Nurse 10 (25.6%) 8 (20.5%) 7 (17.9%) 14 (35.9%) 22 (17.2%) 8 (6.3%) 25 (19.5%) 23 (18.0%) 50 (39.1%) 0.46 Department In-patient Out-patient 15 (44.1%) 19 (55.9%) 38 (35.9%) 68 (64.2%) 0.39 Years at AUBMC 0-5 years 6-10 years > 11 years 27 (69.2%) 6 (15.4%) 6 (15.4%) 81 (63.8%) 26 (20.5%) 20 (15.7%) 0.76 TABLE 4 - Association between education and career variables and knowledge about organ donation., perception, and attitude of healthcare professionals towards organ donation in Lebanon 173
6 (33.3% knowledgeable in comparison with 59% and 7.7% respectively; and 25.8% not knowledgeable respectively contrasted with 65.6% and 8.6% for the 0-30 years and above 51 age ranges in that order). Being single or in a relationship and having a family with at least one child or not did not yield any significant results either. However, there were slightly more knowledgeable single individuals than non single ones (51.3% in comparison with 48.7%) and vaguely more knowledgeable respondents with no children than ones with one or more child (69.2% and 30.8% respectively). Religion was also not a significant predictor of the healthcare providers knowledge although there were marginally more knowledgeable Christians (51.3%) than knowledgeable Muslims (43.6%) or Druze and individuals with other faiths (5.1%). Discussion The survey questionnaires were sent to all healthcare workers via . The expected 20% response rate was not reached. Instead only 11.3% filled out the questionnaire thus resulting in a smaller sample size where we were not able to determine significant relationships between the various variables when running a cross analysis. That being said, it is worth noting that the fact that being from the capital Beirut or other areas around the country, as well as being Lebanese or having a different nationality, did not make any statistically significant difference. This, in fact, is likely due to the very small sample of responses we received from non Beirut and non Lebanese healthcare providers. Nevertheless, and despite the fact that cross tabulations didn t render any significant results, our findings show that there are certain trends such as that for those familiar with organ donation associations to be more knowledgeable in that realm when compared with those who are not familiar with associations at all. Similarly, and despite lack of statistically significant results here again, there is an observable gap in the level of knowledge between respondents with different religiosity levels (with less knowledge being generally attributed to higher religiosity scores). This is likely due to the fact that religious people seem to be less open to the idea of organ donation in the first place and are in majority against it (considering that the number one reason for being against organ donation, as found in our results, is religious considerations). Interestingly however, the majority of those who are undecided about their position regarding organ donation, that is 17 out of the original 24, as well as all 6 of those completely against organ transplants have reported not being knowledgeable about the subject. Accordingly, reluctance to support organ donation seems to be attributed to the lack of information about the topic making it hard for individuals to make an informed decision. In fact, even among those claiming to favor organ donation, 105 out of 140 reported not being knowledgeable about the matter. Similar results were noted in the respondents readiness to accept an organ when in need: although many have voiced a readiness to accept an organ in such a case, most individuals did not seem to be particularly knowledgeable about the subject. In fact, 114 out of the original 150 accepting of a donated organ were not well informed about the topic. These results are consistent with the literature found in the Middle East and notably in Islamic countries (7, 8). In fact, similarly to the results Alsaied et al. (7) found in Qatar, most healthcare professionals seem to be supportive of the idea of organ donation but few have the ability to promote it to others due to the limited amount of information they have pertaining to the topic and its religious implications. Such a gap between attitude and knowledge (translating into a discrepancy between attitude and actual behavior as well) was also noted in Turkey, a relatively modern and westernized Islamic country (8). As noted by Demir et al. (8), in Lebanon, much like Turkey, religion seems to be a main factor affecting the acceptance of organ donation even among healthcare professionals themselves and accordingly playing a role in the way each professional approaches patients about the subject. It is however worth noting that unlike Qatar and Turkey, Lebanon is not an Islamic country though the majority of its population consists of Muslims. Nevertheless, as previously mentioned, our findings show differences in knowledge based on the degree of religiosity but no notable difference between different religions. It is hence important to emphasize the need to spread awareness regarding the topic of organ donation in Lebanon especially among healthcare workers. In order to maximize organ donation procedures, health care workers should become educated about transplant processes and possibilities. We suggest targeted awareness campaigns at medical and nursing schools as well as at hospitals throughout the country. In fact, similar suggestions have been proposed by previous studies especially because healthcare professionals are the ones to first accost the patients families (6). It is thus imperative to have a standard level of education about transplantation procedures that makes these professionals adequately qualified for responsibilities such as identifying possible donors and approaching them or their families (6). Nevertheless, education about organ donation and transplants should not be targeted at professionals in the field alone. It is important to educate university and perhaps school students as well about the topic in an attempt to raise more knowledgeable generations of not only healthcare providers but donors as well. These awareness and educational campaigns could additionally include sections that address the issue of organ donation from the point of view of each religion and possibly collaborate with religious figures willing to spread that kind of awareness. Finally and most 174 T. Ariss et al.
7 importantly, Lebanon needs official legislations regarding the matter of organ donation along with an organized and trustworthy system that includes a database of potential organ donors on one hand, and patients in need of organs on the other (5). Although associations promoting organ donation constantly work on keeping such a database, the responsibility needs to be shared with official governmental organizations and ministries. Author contributions Talia Ariss designed the questionnaire, sent out the questionnaire, analyzed the literature, participated in analyzing the results and drafted the introduction and methods sections of the manuscript. Sima Naamani participated in analyzing the data and the results and drafted the results and conclusion sections of the manuscript. Hani Tamim analyzed the data and ran the statistical analysis. Maria Karam conceived the study. Rana Sharara-Chami designed the questionnaire, participated in analyzing the data and revised the manuscript. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. References 1. Faraj W., Fakih H., Mukherji D., et al.: Organ Donation After Cardiac Death in the Middle East. Transplant Proc, 2010; 42: Webster P.A., Markham L.R.: Pediatric organ donation: A national survey examining consent rates and characteristics of donor hospitals. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2009; 10(4): Mekahli D., Liutkus A., Fargue S., et al.: Survey of First-Year Medical Students to Assess Their and Attitudes Toward Organ Transplantation and Donation. Transplant Proc, 2009; 41(2): Foley D.P., Fernandez L.A., Leverson G., et al.: Donation After Cardiac Death. Ann of Surg, 2005: 242(5): NOOTDT. (2010). Organ donation. Retrieved from nootdt.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layo ut=blog&id=7&itemid=2&lang=en. on July 3 rd Schaeffner E., Windisch W., Freidel K., et al.: and attitude regarding organ donation among medical students and physicians. Transplant, 2004; 77(11): Alsaied O., Bener A., Al-Mosalamani Y., et al.: and attitudes of health care professionals toward organ donation and transplantation. Saudi J of Kidney Dis and Transplant, 2012; 23(6): Demir T., Selimen D., Yildirim M., et al.: and attitudes toward organ/tissue donation and transplantation among health care professionals working in organ transplantation or dialysis units. Transplant Proc, 2011; 43(5): , perception, and attitude of healthcare professionals towards organ donation in Lebanon 175
Objectives. Nebraska Organ Recovery 2/16/2015. The Role of Hospice and Palliative Care in Organ and Tissue Donation
The Role of Hospice and Palliative Care in Organ and Tissue Donation Objectives Summarize the organ and tissue donation process. Identify the role of hospice and palliative care staff in the organ and
More information39th SESSION OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 39th SESSION OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Washington, D.C., USA, 16-18 March 2005 Provisional Agenda
More informationChallenges in the Diagnosis and Management of Bleeding Disorders Hemostasis Round Round 3: Riviera Hotel, Beirut February 1, 2014
Organized by the Continuing Medical Education Office Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management of Bleeding Disorders Hemostasis Round Round 3: Riviera Hotel, Beirut February 1, 2014 Syllabus Supported
More informationAre Medical Students Having Enough Knowledge about Organ Donation
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 14, Issue 7 Ver. V (July. 2015), PP 29-34 www.iosrjournals.org Are Medical Students Having Enough Knowledge
More informationThe Organ and Tissue Donor Program
The Organ and Tissue Donor Program If I needed a kidney or some other vital organ to live Would I be able to get one? Maybe. Many people who need organ transplants cannot get them because of a shortage
More informationAssessment of Willingness for Organ Donation: A crosssectional
Assessment of Willingness for Organ Donation: A crosssectional descriptive study Dr. Pooranmal Meena 1, Dr. Goverdhan Meena 2, Dr. Rajeev Yadav 3, Dr. Kusum Gaur 4, Dr. Amita Kashyap 5 1 Resident, Department
More informationDialogue Summary. Integrating Palliative Care Into the Health System in Lebanon
Dialogue Summary Integrating Palliative Care Into the Health System in Lebanon K2P Policy Dialogue convenes key policymakers and stakeholders to capture contextual information, tacit knowledge, views and
More informationDeterminants of Acceptance of Organ Donation among Medical Students, Nigeria
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences (ISSN: 2315-9844) Vol. 1(8) pp. 116-121, August, 2014 Available online http://internationalinventjournals.org/journals/ijmms Copyright 2014 International
More informationOverview of Cultural and Religious Concerns
Workshop on Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects of Organ Transplants in Tanzania Overview of Cultural and Religious Concerns D. A. Bukini (B.Sc., MPH, MBE) 07 th March 2018 Outline 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Religious
More informationResearch Article Awareness of High School Students Regarding Modes of Spread and Complications of HIV/AIDS
Cronicon OPEN ACCESS MICROBIOLOGY Research Article Awareness of High School Students Regarding Modes of Spread and Complications of HIV/AIDS Khalid S Al-anzy, Saleh S Al-senani 2, Abdulaziz H Alazmi 2,
More informationOrgan and Tissue Donations
Organ and Tissue Donations AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE AND ADVERTISING RECALL FINAL REPORT Prepared for Health Canada POR-02-41/H1011-02-0013 Prepared by Environics Research Group Limited June 2002 pn 5156 Environics
More informationPhysicians Perception of Drug Information Resources in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi-UAE *
Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 2013, 4, 52-56 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/pp.2013.41007 Published Online January 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/pp) Physicians Perception of Drug Information Resources in the
More informationBridging the Gap: Predictors of Willingness to Engage in an Intercultural Interaction
Bridging the Gap: Predictors of Willingness to Engage in an Intercultural Interaction Heather Dudley What influences people s willingness to interact with someone of a different cultural background from
More informationMood Disorders Society of Canada Mental Health Care System Study Summary Report
Mood Disorders Society of Canada Mental Health Care System Study Summary Report July 2015 Prepared for the Mood Disorders Society of Canada by: Objectives and Methodology 2 The primary objective of the
More informationGENERAL SYNOD February 2016 GS 2022B
GENERAL SYNOD February 2016 GS 2022B LEEDS DIOCESAN SYNOD MOTION: BLOOD AND ORGAN DONATION A Background Paper from The Mission and Public Affairs Council The Church of England and Organ Donation 1. Since
More informationEuropean Society for Organ Transplantation Council
This response was submitted to the consultation held by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics on Give and take? Human bodies in medicine and research between April 2010 and July 2010. The views expressed are
More informationConsultation document on Organ Donation and Transplantation Response Form
Consultation document on Organ Donation and Transplantation Response Form Contact details of person and/or institution submitting comments Name of person Address e-mail address Knud Erben erben@ceapir.org
More informationOrgan Donation: Gauging Perception, Interest, and Clarifying Misconceptions
University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Family Medicine Block Clerkship, Student Projects College of Medicine 2017 Organ Donation: Gauging Perception, Interest, and Clarifying Misconceptions Tridu Huynh
More informationNontherapeutic elective ventilation
Nontherapeutic elective ventilation A discussion paper April 2016 Introduction 1 As long as there are people waiting for organ transplants, there will be a need to identify more potential organ donors.
More informationmarket outlook source: Infodent International Infodent s.r.l.
market outlook market outlook Saudi Arabian Public and Private Oral Healthcare Author: Silvia Borriello silvia.borriello@infodent.com In spite of an increasing focus on oral hygiene and a growing demand
More informationDeceased donation data in the UK. Paul Murphy National Clinical Lead for Organ Donation United Kingdom
Deceased donation data in the UK Paul Murphy National Clinical Lead for Organ Donation United Kingdom Deceased donation data in the UK And the story behind it Paul Murphy National Clinical Lead for Organ
More informationIndiana Local Government Officials and Service
Indiana Local Government Officials and the Nonprofit Sector Report Series Indiana Local Government Officials and 2-1-1 Service Kirsten Grønbjerg and Hannah Martin Briefing Number Six, Fall 2017 Indiana
More informationText-based Document. Pain Management and Palliative Care: A Program of Research. Huijer, Huda Abu-Saad. Downloaded 9-May :53:16
The Henderson Repository is a free resource of the Honor Society of Nursing, Sigma Theta Tau International. It is dedicated to the dissemination of nursing research, researchrelated, and evidence-based
More informationThailand and Family Planning: An overview
Thailand and Family Planning: An overview Background The Thai mainland is bordered by Cambodia, Lao People s Democratic Republic, Malaysia and Myanmar; the country also includes hundreds of islands. According
More informationCómo se dice...? An analysis of patient-provider communication through bilingual providers, blue phones and live translators
Rowan University Rowan Digital Works Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Capstone Projects Cooper Medical School of Rowan University 2018 Cómo se dice...? An analysis of patient-provider communication
More informationAttitudes of the Lebanese public regarding
Journal ofmedical Ethics 1999;25:399-403 Attitudes of the Lebanese public regarding disclosure of serious illness Salim M Adib and Ghassan N Hamadeh Kuwait University, Kuwait and the American University
More informationKnowledge and Attitude Regarding Organ Donation among Medical Students
BANTAO Journal 2016; 14(1): 34-40; doi: 10.1515/bj-2016-0008 BJ BANTAO Journal Original article Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Organ Donation among Medical Students Vaishaly K Bharambe 1, Hetal Rathod
More informationFirst International Symposium on Sports Cardiology and Sudden Cardiac Arrest Prevention
Organized by CHAMPS Fund at the Department of Family Medicine at AUBMC, in collaboration with the Lebanese Society of Cardiology, the Division of Cardiology at AUBMC, the Division of Pediatric Cardiology
More informationOrgan Donation and Transplantation in Wales
Organ Donation and Transplantation in Wales How are we doing? Cornea: 119 Lung: 9 Liver: 37 Heart: 12 Kidneys: 127 Pancreas: 4 Small bowel: 0 Number of Transplants in Wales in 2016/17 Report 2016/17 Referrals
More informationOriginal Article Predictors of Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Organ Donation in Kuwait
Original Article Predictors of Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Organ Donation in Kuwait Batool Y. Bosakhar, Zainab A. Al-Mesailekh, Shareefah A. Al-Farhan, Danah A. Arab, Nour A. Al-Tawheid, Nourah F.
More informationAn Overview on Attitudes Towards Organ Donation in Hong Kong
Original Article An Overview on Attitudes Towards Organ Donation in Hong Kong Beatrice Cheng, Chung-Ping Ho, 1 Shelley Ho, 2 Angela Wong 3 Background: Despite rising patient needs, transplant activities
More informationHIV in the UK: Changes and Challenges; Actions and Answers The People Living With HIV Stigma Survey UK 2015 Scotland STIGMA SURVEY UK 2015
HIV in the UK: Changes and Challenges; Actions and Answers The People Living With HIV Stigma Survey UK 2015 Scotland STIGMA SURVEY UK 2015 SCOTLAND The landscape for people living with HIV in the United
More informationInternational experience. Local knowledge.
Prepared by: Le Beck International Ltd. (CR Nos: 8355401) 18 January 2017 www.lebeckinternational.com Prepared for: General Release Subject: Specialist Security Report MERS-CoV For: Middle East & North
More informationStudents Perception and Attitude Toward Hiring a Former Offender
Students Perception and Attitude Toward Hiring a Former Offender Gloria Enyondo Millersville University of Pennsylvania glenyond@millersville.edu Abstract Much has been written about people s perceptions
More informationReproductive Health Services for Syrians Living Outside Camps in Jordan. The Higher Population Council
Reproductive Health Services for Syrians Living Outside Camps in Jordan The Higher Population Council 2016 Executive Summary This study aims to portray the realities of reproductive health services provided
More informationOrgan Donation and Transplantation data for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities. Report for 2016/2017 (1 April March 2017)
Organ Donation and Transplantation data for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities Report for 6/7 ( April March 7) CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... INTRODUCTION... ORGAN DONOR REGISTER (ODR)...
More informationAARP Bulletin Survey on Volunteering
AARP Bulletin Survey on Volunteering Report Written by: Alicia Williams Copyright 2012 AARP Research & Strategic Analysis 601 E Street, NW Washington, DC 20049 www.aarp.org/research Reprinting with permission
More informationThe NJ Sharing Network Organ and Tissue Donation as an End of Life option for Families
The NJ Sharing Network Organ and Tissue Donation as an End of Life option for Families NJ Sharing Network Private non-profit service organization Federal designation to provide recovery services State
More informationOrgan Donation and Transplantation data for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities. Report for 2017/2018 (1 April March 2018)
Organ Donation and Transplantation data for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities Report for 07/0 ( April 0 March 0) CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... INTRODUCTION... ORGAN DONOR REGISTER (ODR)...
More informationOrgan and Tissue Donation. Tennessee Donor Registry. Frequently Asked Questions About Donation
Organ and Tissue Donation 1. What is organ and tissue donation? 2. How many people need donated organs and tissue? 3. What organs and tissues are most commonly donated? 4. How can organs and tissues be
More information2
Good afternoon everyone, Dr Faucher would like to apologize not to be here today due to personal medical reasons (she is actually pregnant). I have been asked to talk you about udcd. I haven t practiced
More informationJanuary 2, Dear Technical Review Committee Members:
Glenn A. Ally, Ph.D., M.P. (A Professional Psychology Corporation) Clinical Neuropsychologist Advanced Practice Medical Psychologist 155 Hospital Drive, Suite 200 Lafayette, Louisiana 70503 (337) 235-8304
More informationSURVEY REPORT. Leave or Remain in Iraq? Opinions and expectations for an Independent Kurdistan
SURVEY REPORT Leave or Remain in Iraq? Opinions and expectations for an Independent Kurdistan 1 CONTENTS About the survey... 3 Respondents profile... 4 Question 1: Should the Kurdistan Region Remain a
More informationClients perception of HIV/AIDS voluntary counseling and Testing (VCT) services in Nairobi, Kenya
Clients perception of HIV/AIDS voluntary counseling and Testing (VCT) services in Nairobi, Kenya Tom M. Olewe 1*, John O. Wanyungu 2 and Anthony M. Makau 3 1 Vision Integrity & Passion to Serve (VIPS)
More informationFirst Global Congress on Conflict Medicine
First Global Congress on Conflict Medicine Cancer in Refugees Management of Syrian Pediatric Cancer Patients at the Children Cancer Center of Lebanon / AUBMC Children s Cancer Center of Lebanon (CCCL)
More informationOrgan Donation and Transplantation data for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities. Report for 2015/2016 (1 April March 2016)
Organ Donation and Transplantation data for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities Report for 2015/2016 (1 April 2010 31 March 2016) INTRODUCTION This report provides information related to
More informationOrgan Donation and Transplantation
Organ Donation and Transplantation Q: What is organ donation and transplantation? A: Organ transplantation is the surgical removal of an organ or tissues from one person (the donor) and placing it in another
More informationProposal: To remove organs from imminently dying patients before circulatory death.
Organ donation focus group guide Study overview: Problem: Many imminently dying patients who desire donation cannot successfully donate organs because not all patients with devastating injuries or life-limiting
More informationBrigitte Khoury, Ph.D. Director, Arab Regional Center for Research, Training and Policy Making in Mental Health Dept. of Psychiatry, American
Brigitte Khoury, Ph.D. Director, Arab Regional Center for Research, Training and Policy Making in Mental Health Dept. of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut UNESCO s 2010 Science Report on Scientific
More informationrevised anatomical gift act
revised anatomical gift act What is an Anatomical Gift? An anatomical gift is a donation of all or part of a human body, after death, for the purpose of transplantation, therapy, research, or education.
More informationTHE WORLD MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, INC. WMA STATEMENT ON ORGAN AND TISSUE DONATION
THE WORLD MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, INC. WMA STATEMENT ON ORGAN AND TISSUE DONATION Adopted by the 63rd WMA General Assembly, Bangkok, Thailand, October 2012 PREAMBLE Advances in medical sciences, especially
More informationChinese Public Attitudes on Gene Editing
Chinese Public Attitudes on Gene Editing Liang Chen Associate professor School of Communication and Design Sun Yat-sen University Email: chenliang7@mail.sysu.edu.cn Zhi an Zhang Professor and Chair School
More informationAs a country in economic transition, China faces fundamental barriers to
Challenges of Health Economics and Observational Research in China Graeme Jacombs, MA, MSc (with Marco DiBonaventura, PhD) China Healthcare Reform As a country in economic transition, China faces fundamental
More informationThis report summarizes the stakeholder feedback that was received through the online survey.
vember 15, 2016 Test Result Management Preliminary Consultation Online Survey Report and Analysis Introduction: The College s current Test Results Management policy is under review. This review is being
More informationDeceased Donation - Why Data? Damon C. Scales MD PhD
Deceased Donation - Why Data? Damon C. Scales MD PhD Deceased Donation Why Data? Deceased Donation Why Data? Describe and explain variation Understand trends Performance measurement and comparisons Evaluate
More informationMAKING THE NSQIP PARTICIPANT USE DATA FILE (PUF) WORK FOR YOU
MAKING THE NSQIP PARTICIPANT USE DATA FILE (PUF) WORK FOR YOU Hani Tamim, PhD Clinical Research Institute Department of Internal Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut - Lebanon Participant
More informationVirtual Mentor Ethics Journal of the American Medical Association September 2005, Volume 7, Number 9
Virtual Mentor Ethics Journal of the American Medical Association September 2005, Volume 7, Number 9 Journal Discussion Constructing the Question: Does How We Ask for Organs Determine Whether People Decide
More informationEnvironmental Tobacco Smoke in Icelandic Homes: Infant Exposure and Parental Attitudes and Behaviour
Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Icelandic Homes: Infant Exposure and Parental Attitudes and Behaviour Development within Iceland between 1995 and 2006 By Brian Daniel Marshall Individual Project Academic
More informationWaiting for a Kidney. Objectives
Waiting for a Kidney Department of Urologic Sciences Grand Rounds William Gourlay Christopher Nguan April 25, 2007 Objectives 1. review the waiting times for deceased-donor kidney transplants in BC and
More informationKeywords health care services, gestation, rural communities, awareness
Examining the Social and Cultural Barriers Present for Women Seeking Healthcare in Rural Communities of Karachi, Pakistan Nofel Karatela 1, Maria Altaf 2, Shamoon Noushad 2, Amna Khan 2, Shershah Syed
More informationCash for Kidneys: The Case for a Market for Organs
This copy is for your personal, non commercial use only. To order presentation ready copies for distribution to your colleagues, clients or customers visit http://www.djreprints.com. http://www.wsj.com/articles/sb10001424052702304149404579322560004817176
More informationWHO S CALLING AT THIS HOUR? LOCAL SIDEREAL TIME AND TELEPHONE TELEPATHY
Lobach & Bierman WHO S CALLING AT THIS HOUR? LOCAL SIDEREAL TIME AND TELEPHONE TELEPATHY Eva Lobach, & Dick J. Bierman University of Amsterdam ABSTRACT Can we guess who is calling us on the phone before
More informationGiving and Volunteering in Quebec
Giving and Volunteering in Quebec Results from the 1997 National Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating Michelle Goulbourne Research Associate Canadian Centre for Philanthropy www.nsgvp.org Giving
More informationTalking about an issue may not be the best way
Intuition 2008 Vol 4, 12-18 The Verbal Overshadowing Effect: Influence on Perception Bretton H. Talbot, Jim L. Gifford, Emily Peterson, Pona Sitake, & Eric Stevens ABSTRACT- The current study aims to observe
More informationIntention to consent to living organ donation: an exploratory study. Christina Browne B.A. and Deirdre M. Desmond PhD
Intention to consent to living organ donation: an exploratory study Christina Browne B.A. and Deirdre M. Desmond PhD Department of Psychology, John Hume Building, National University of Ireland Maynooth,
More informationAWARENESS, WILLINGNESS AND FACTORS INFLUENCING SECONDARY OR HIGHER LEVEL OF EDUCATION: A NATIONAL ONLINE SURVEY
AWARENESS, WILLINGNESS AND FACTORS INFLUENCING ORGAN DONATION AMONG MALAYSIANS WITH SECONDARY OR HIGHER LEVEL OF EDUCATION: A NATIONAL ONLINE SURVEY Dr. Sandheep Sugathan; Dr.Davinder Singh; Dr.Myint Myint
More informationEuropean Sponsorship Association
European Sponsorship Association Alcohol Sponsorship Research February 2009 CONTENTS Research Overview... Research Findings.... 3 6 Research Overview 3 Key Findings 4 The objectives of the research were
More informationPublished in June 2017 by the Ministry of Health PO Box 5013, Wellington 6145, New Zealand
Increasing Deceased Organ Donation and Transplantation A National Strategy Released 2017 health.govt.nz Citation: Ministry of Health. 2017. Increasing Deceased Organ Donation and Transplantation: A national
More informationThis week s issue: UNIT Word Generation. intrinsic commodity practitioner evaluate infer
Word Generation UNIT 3.18 This week s issue: Healthy organs are valuable commodities. Each year, thousands of Americans die waiting for organ transplants. In the United States, healthy organs are given
More informationOverview of Blood Transfusion System of Iran:
Report Article Overview of Blood Transfusion System of Iran: 2002-2011 AM Cheraghali High Institute for Research and Education on Transfusion Medicine, Iran Blood Transfusion Organization and University
More informationBLACK RESIDENTS VIEWS ON HIV/AIDS IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
PUBLIC OPINION DISPARITIES & PUBLIC OPINION DATA NOTE A joint product of the Disparities Policy Project and Public Opinion and Survey Research October 2011 BLACK RESIDENTS VIEWS ON HIV/AIDS IN THE DISTRICT
More informationEvaluating the Greek Version of Religious Commitment Inventory-10 on a Sample of Pomak Households
(Volume 12, Issue 2/2016), pp. 5-11 Evaluating the Greek Version of Religious Commitment Inventory-10 on a Sample of Pomak Households Nikolaos Satsios 1+ 1 University of Nicosia, Cyprus Abstract. The aim
More informationDecision-Making Capacity
Decision-Making Capacity At the end of the session, participants will be able to: Know the definition of decision-making capacity; Understand the distinction between decision-making capacity and competency;
More informationTitle: Determinants of intention to get tested for STI/HIV among the Surinamese and Antilleans in the Netherlands: results of an online survey
Author's response to reviews Title: Determinants of intention to get tested for STI/HIV among the Surinamese and Antilleans in the Netherlands: results of an online survey Authors: Alvin H Westmaas (alvin.westmaas@maastrichtuniversity.nl)
More informationA study of association between demographic factor income and emotional intelligence
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. V, Issue 1/ April 2017 ISSN 2286-4822 www.euacademic.org Impact Factor: 3.4546 (UIF) DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) A study of association between demographic factor income and emotional
More informationCultural Implications of Brain Death - Literature Review; Author: Santasha Dhoot
Cultural Implications of Brain Death - erature ; Author: Santasha Dhoot First Author Bowman, K. 2003 Sample Size/ Population N=2 Western and Japanese cultural differences on brain Aims of Main Findings
More informationDonation after Circulatory Determination of Death: Ethical Tensions
Donation after Circulatory Determination of Death: Ethical Tensions Robert D. Truog, MD Frances Glessner Lee Professor of Medical Ethics, Anaesthesia, & Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School Director, Center
More informationWorking Papers Project on the Public and Biological Security Harvard School of Public Health 17.
Working Papers Project on the Public and Biological Security Harvard School of Public Health 17. FLU VACCINE SURVEY Robert J. Blendon, Harvard School of Public Health, Project Director John M. Benson,
More informationInternational Journal of Health Sciences and Research ISSN:
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Original Research Article Evaluation of Awareness on Organ Donation in Nursing Professionals at the Apex Medical Institute
More informationVirtual Mentor American Medical Association Journal of Ethics June 2007, Volume 9, Number 6:
Virtual Mentor American Medical Association Journal of Ethics June 2007, Volume 9, Number 6: 441-445. Policy forum Beyond scarcity: poverty as a contraindication for organ transplantation by Mary Simmerling,
More informationCONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Chapter Six CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Despite a perception that Americans have become more isolationist and absorbed with domestic problems since the end of the Cold War (see Kull [1996] and Murvachik
More informationBRAIN DEATH. Frequently Asked Questions 04for the General Public
BRAIN DEATH Frequently Asked Questions 04for the General Public Neurocritical Care Society BRAIN DEATH FAQ s FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC NEUROCRITICAL CARE SOCIETY 1. Q: Why was this FAQ created? A: Several
More informationDOES RELIGIOSITY HELP MUSLIMS ADJUST TO DEATH?: A RESEARCH NOTE
OMEGA, Vol. 7(1) 113-119, 2008 DOES RELIGIOSITY HELP MUSLIMS ADJUST TO DEATH?: A RESEARCH NOTE MOHAMMAD SAMIR HOSSAIN, MBBS, MS, PH.D. MOHAMMAD ZAKARIA SIDDIQUE, MBBS, M.PHIL., MCPS Medical College for
More informationTitle:Modern contraceptive use among sexually active men in Uganda: Does discussion with a health worker matter?
Author's response to reviews Title:Modern contraceptive use among sexually active men in Uganda: Does discussion with a health worker matter? Authors: Allen Kabagenyi Ms. (allenka79@yahoo.com) Patricia
More informationKnowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Organ Donation among Indian Dental Students
Original Article Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Organ Donation among Indian Dental Students K. Chakradhar*, D. Doshi, B. Srikanth Reddy, S. Kulkarni, M. Padma Reddy, S. Sruthi Reddy Department
More informationPhysician aid in dying: Where do we stand?
Physician aid in dying: Where do we stand? N. Rose Gaston, MSW, LGSW St. Croix Hospice Learning objectives To develop a better understanding of PAD legislation and practice. To become aware of the attitudes
More informationTalk about it! Answers to your questions
Organ and Tissue Donation Talk about it! Answers to your questions Many people in New Brunswick are waiting to hear that organs have been found which could restore them to full and active lives. Many others
More informationAwareness and understanding of dementia in New Zealand
Awareness and understanding of dementia in New Zealand Alzheimers NZ Telephone survey May 2017 Contents Contents... 2 Key findings... 3 Executive summary... 5 1 Methodology... 8 1.1 Background and objectives...
More informationCondensed summary lesson: Organ and tissue donation stories
Student resource Condensed summary lesson: Organ and tissue donation stories Lesson outcomes To be able to describe how organ and tissue donation saves and improves lives To be able to explain some of
More informationOrgan Donation: A Choice. An Informative Essay. Brianna Poole
Organ Donation: A Choice An Informative Essay By Brianna Poole When I walked into the Division of Motor Vehicles to receive my provisional license, I wasn t thinking about whether I would choose to be
More informationBreast Cancer Awareness Among Zayed University Female Students
Volume 2, Issue no. 3, DOI 10.18502/ajne.v2i3.1357 Production and Hosting by Knowledge E Research Article Breast Cancer Awareness Among Zayed University Female Students Shaima K. AlBlooshi 1, Lina T. Al
More informationCall for Research Proposals. School-Related Gender Based Violence in Lebanon
Call for Research Proposals School-Related Gender Based Violence in Lebanon UNESCO Beirut 11 August 2010 INTRODUCTION Within the framework of the project Supporting Gender Equality in Education in Lebanon
More informationCenter for Organ Recovery & Education (CORE)
ORGANIZATIONAL PROFILE Center for Organ Recovery & Education (CORE) The Center for Organ Recovery & Education (CORE) is one of 58 federally designated not-for-profit organ procurement organizations (OPOs)
More informationIncreasing awareness about organ donation in the South Asian community and reducing treatment costs
Increasing awareness about organ donation in the South Asian community and reducing treatment costs P R E S E N T E D B Y : D R. A G I M O L P R A D E E P 1 Clinical Service Background Renal and Transplant
More informationTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MALE CIRCUMCISION AND HIV/AIDS IN LESOTHO. Nthatisi Ramaema
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MALE CIRCUMCISION AND HIV/AIDS IN LESOTHO Nthatisi Ramaema ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AIDS HIV CHAL LDHS MC MOHSW Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Human Immune Deficiency Virus
More informationSummary report on the WHO-EM/WRH/104/E
Summary report on the Training of trainers course for national gynaecology and obstetrics societies and midwifery associations on evidence-based guidelines for strengthening family planning services WHO-EM/WRH/104/E
More informationA Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude on Organ Donation among Adults Visiting Opd s of a Hospital and a Mall in Navi Mumbai
Original Article A Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude on Organ Donation among Adults Visiting Opd s of a Hospital and a Mall in Navi Mumbai Rintu Elsa Mathew 1, Priyadarsini John 2,
More informationCharacter Education Framework
Character Education Framework March, 2018 Character Education: Building Positive Ethical Strength Character education is the direct attempt to foster character virtues the principles that inform decisionmaking
More informationDETERMINANTS OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING PRACTICE AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN NYARIBARI CHACHE SUB-COUNTY
DETERMINANTS OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING PRACTICE AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN NYARIBARI CHACHE SUB-COUNTY 1 Godner Bwari Peter, 1 Rose Olayo (PhD), 1 George Ayodo (PhD) 1 School of Health Science,
More information21th Budapest Nephrology School Ágnes Haris, Kálmán Polner
21th Budapest Nephrology School Ágnes Haris, Kálmán Polner 53 years old female, -worked as computer scientist, -lived with her husband and 2 children, -in excellent financial situation. Diagnosed with
More information