on October 5, 2018 by guest
|
|
- Gwendoline Morgan
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, July 1999, p Vol. 67, No /99/$ Copyright 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. A Localized Adherence-Like Pattern as a Second Pattern of Adherence of Classic Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HEp-2 Cells That Is Associated with Infantile Diarrhea ISABEL C. A. SCALETSKY, 1 * MARGARETH Z. PEDROSO, 2 CARLOS A. G. OLIVA, 2 ROZANE L. B. CARVALHO, 2 MAURO B. MORAIS, 2 AND ULYSSES FAGUNDES-NETO 2 Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology 1 and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, 2 Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil Received 21 October 1998/Returned for modification 19 January 1999/Accepted 17 March 1999 Escherichia coli strains that cause nonbloody diarrhea in infants are known to present three distinct patterns of adherence to epithelial cells, namely, localized (LA), diffuse (DA), and aggregative (AA) adherence. Strains with LA (typical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli [EPEC]) are well recognized as a cause of secretory diarrhea, but the role of strains with DA (DAEC) is controversial, and strains with AA (EAEC) have been more frequently related to persistent diarrhea whereas its relationship with acute diarrhea is not well defined. To determine the relationship of the different types of E. coli adherence patterns with acute diarrhea (lasting less than 14 days) and persistent diarrhea (lasting more than 14 days) in São Paulo, Brazil, we studied stool specimens from 40 infants under 1 year of age with diarrhea and 40 age-matched control infants without any gastrointestinal symptoms. Twenty-eight (35.0%) of eighty cases yielded adherent E. coli (HEp-2 cells). Strains with localized and aggregative adherence were associated with acute and persistent diarrhea. A total of 11.2% of the adherent strains were typical EPEC serotypes and hybridized with the enteroadherence factor probe; 5.0% were EAEC and hybridized with the EAEC probe. DAEC strains were isolated from 10.0% of patients and 7.5% of controls and did not hybridize with the two probes used (daac and AIDA-I). Strains with a localized adherence-like pattern (atypical EPEC) were found significantly more frequently (P 0.028) in cultures from children with diarrhea (17.5%) than in controls (2.5%). Downloaded from Escherichia coli strains that cause nonbloody diarrhea in infants are known to present three distinct patterns of adherence to epithelial cells: (i) localized adherence (LA), where microcolonies attach to one or two small areas on the cells (HeLa or HEp-2); (ii) diffuse adherence (DA), where bacteria cover the cells uniformly (39); and (iii) enteroadherent-aggregative adherence (AA), where the bacteria have a characteristic stacked-brick-like arrangement on the surface of the cells and on the glass slide free from the cells (35). The LA pattern is significantly associated with diarrhea production (10, 30) and has been shown to be an important property of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). A 50- to 60-MDa plasmid called the enteroadherence factor (EAF) is necessary for most EPEC strains to exhibit LA on tissue culture cells (2). A DNA probe to detect the EAF plasmid, called the EAF probe, has been used to identify localized adhering E. coli strains (12, 18, 34). The LA phenotype is associated with the induction of the attaching and effacing lesions (A/E) (33). A DNA probe derived from the chromosomal gene called eae (for E. coli attaching and effacing) has been developed and allows detection of EPEC strains (26). The pathogenic role of E. coli showing a DA pattern (DAEC) in the etiology of diarrheal disease is controversial (3, 17, 22, 25). Two DNA probes specific for DAEC strains have * Corresponding author. Mailing address: Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu, 862, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Phone: Fax: scaletsky.dmip@epm.br. been described. Bilge et al. (7) characterized a 14.3-kDa chromosomally encoded adhesin, termed F1845, and developed an intragenic 1-kb DNA probe (the daac probe). Benz and Schmidt (5) described a plasmid-encoded outer membrane protein of 100 kda, termed AIDA-I, which is involved in the DA phenotype. A cloned 6-kb DNA fragment from this plasmid, which was shown to be sufficient for the expression of DA phenotype, has been used as a specific DNA probe. The role of E. coli giving an aggregative pattern of attachment to tissue culture cells (EAEC) in diarrhea has been more frequently related to persistent diarrhea (6, 9). EAEC strains possess a plasmid of ca. 60 MDa which is necessary for the expression of the aggregative phenotype (44). A 1-kb fragment from this plasmid has been used as a DNA probe to identify EAEC strains (4). Recently, Scaletsky et al. (41) described a new adherence pattern called the localized adherence-like (LAL) pattern. This pattern is characterized by the presence of less-compact microcolonies or clusters of bacteria in a few cells observed only in tests with prolonged incubation periods (6 h). This pattern was observed in EAF-negative EPEC strains and was the same pattern named poor LA by Knutton et al. (28). A consensus definition was achieved at the Second International Symposium on EPEC: A/E, Shiga toxin-negative strains possessing the EAF plasmid would be called typical EPEC, while such strains that do not possess the EAF plasmid would be called atypical EPEC (27). The mechanism of this adherence pattern is unknown. The role of E. coli showing an LAL pattern as an agent of diarrhea is not established yet (37). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the on October 5, 2018 by guest 3410
2 VOL. 67, 1999 ADHERENCE PATTERN OF EPEC TO HEp-2 CELLS 3411 Downloaded from FIG. 1. HEp-2 adherence patterns of enteroadherent E. coli. (A) LA pattern typical of EPEC. (B) DA pattern, which defines DAEC. (C) AA pattern, which defines EAEC. (D) LAL pattern, characterized by atypical EPEC. relationship of the different types of E. coli adherence patterns with acute and persistent diarrhea in São Paulo, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients. From August 1995 to July 1996, 40 infants less than 12 months of age with diarrhea (28 acute and 12 persistent cases) were consecutively studied. Infants were admitted to São Paulo Hospital for medical treatment. Diarrhea was defined as the excretion of three or more liquid stools during the 24 h before admission with or without vomiting. Acute diarrhea was defined as diarrhea lasting less than 14 days at the moment of admission. Persistent diarrhea was defined as diarrhea of a presumably infectious etiology lasting more than 14 days. Controls. A control group comprised of 40 asymptomatic infants matched for age was randomly included from the well-baby outpatient clinic of the hospital. Control infants had had no gastrointestinal symptoms for at least 30 days prior to inclusion in the study. Microbiological studies. E. coli strains were isolated on MacConkey agar. Four separate lactose-fermenting colonies, presumed to be E. coli by colony morphology, and two non-lactose-fermenting colonies of each distinct morphologic type were cultivated in EPM and MILi (43) media for biochemical confirmation of the species or genus. All E. coli colonies were submitted to slide agglutination with polyvalent and monovalent antisera (PROBAC do Brasil, São Paulo, Brazil) against O antigens of EPEC serogroups and enterohemorrhagic E. coli. The serogroups considered were as follows: O26, O55, O86, O111, O114, O119, O125, O126, O127, O128ab, O142, O157, and O158. When two or more colonies of identical serotypes were isolated from the same infant, only one colony was kept. Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Giardia lamblia, Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter spp., cryptosporidia, and rotaviruses were searched for as described elsewhere (13, 14, 24). All strains were maintained in nutrient agar slants at room temperature. Adhesion assay. E. coli colonies were characterized by the pattern of adherence to HEp-2 cells in the presence of D-mannose as assayed by the method described by Scaletsky et al. (39). Monolayers were examined after 3 h of incubation. When the adherence pattern was negative, a new preparation was made and examined after a 6-h incubation period. Four distinct patterns of adherence were distinguished: LA occurred when the bacteria attached to localized areas of the HEp-2 cells in culture, forming distinct microcolonies after 3 h of incubation (Fig. 1A); DA occurred when bacteria adhered to the entire surface of the HEp-2 cells without formation of discrete microcolonies (Fig. 1B); AA was distinguished by prominent autoagglutination of the bacterial cells to each other on the surface of the cells, as well as on the glass coverslip free from the HEp-2 cells (Fig. 1C); and the LAL pattern, which was observed only in strains incubated for 6 h and was characterized by the formation of microcolonies or clusters less dense and compact than those displayed by typical LA-positive strains (Fig. 1D). DNA hybridization. All E. coli strains with the LA, DA, AA, and LAL types of adherence were tested by colony DNA hybridization (32) with EPEC adherence factor EAF, E. coli attaching and effacing gene A encoding intimin (eaea), DA factors (daac, AIDA-I), and enteroaggregative E. coli adherence factor (EAEC) probes. The EAF probe was a 1-kb SalI-BamHI fragment from plasmid pmar2 (34), the eaea probe was a 1-kb SalI-KpnI fragment from plasmid pcvd434 (26), the daac probe was a 350-bp PstI fragment of pslm852 (7), the AIDA-I probe was a 450-bp EcoRI fragment of pib6 (5), and the EAEC probe was a 1-kb EcoRI-PstI fragment of pcvd432 (4). These probes were labeled with the BioPrime primer extension kit and detected by using the Blue-Gene system (both from Gibco-BRL, Gaithersburg, Md.). Probe hybridization was performed overnight at 42 C in a hybridization solution containing 45% formamide. After hybridization, filters were washed in 0.16 SSC (1 SSC is 0.15 M NaCl plus M sodium citrate) 0.01% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution at 50 C as described by Gicquelais et al. (16). on October 5, 2018 by guest
3 3412 SCALETSKY ET AL. INFECT. IMMUN. TABLE 1. Clinical characteristics of children with acute and persistent diarrhea a Symptom Acute diarrhea (n 28) RESULTS No. of children with: Persistent diarrhea (n 12) Vomiting Fever Blood in stool 2 1 Dehydration Mild 5 1 Moderate Severe 1 0 a The mean durations of acute and persistent diarrhea were and days, respectively. Symptoms, such as vomiting, fever, the presence of blood in the stools, and the degree of dehydration, were recorded, and their frequencies were similar in children with both acute and persistent diarrheas (Table 1). The prevalence of enteropathogenic agents identified in the stool cultures of patients and controls is presented in Table 2. EPEC was the organism most commonly detected in diarrheal stools, followed by Shigella spp. Salmonella spp., Y. enterocolitica, and Campylobacter spp. were not found. No differences regarding the presence of rotavirus were observed between the diarrheic and control infants. Cryptosporidium spp. and G. lamblia were found only in infants with diarrhea. Only the E. coli strains isolated from the stools as a single potential enteropathogenic agent were studied. Six isolated colonies of E. coli from 65 cases (390 strains) were tested for adherence to HEp-2 cells. Four E. coli isolates were lost during storage. Thus, a total of 386 E. coli strains were independently assayed for adherence to HEp-2 cells. Two infants with acute diarrhea had simultaneous infections due to E. coli isolates with different adherence patterns: one patient was infected with LA and AA pattern strains, and one TABLE 2. Prevalence of enteropathogens in infants with diarrhea (acute and persistent) and controls in São Paulo Enteropathogen Acute (n 28) No. of positive infants Persistent (n 12) Controls (n 40) EPEC serogroup O O O O O O O O128ab O O Shigella spp Salmonella spp Y. enterocolitica Campylobacter spp Rotavirus G. lamblia Cryptosporidium spp E. coli adhesion pattern TABLE 3. Adhesion pattern of E. coli strains isolated from patients and controls Total (n 80) With diarrhea (n 40) No. (%) of cases: Controls (n 40) LA 9 (11.2) 9 (22.5) LAL 8 (10.0) 7 (17.5) 1 (2.5) DA 7 (8.7) 4 (10.0) 3 (7.5) 0.50 AA 4 (5.0) 4 (10.0) a Fishers exact test. was infected with LA and LAL pattern strains. One infant with persistent diarrhea was infected with AA and DA pattern strains. These three patients were excluded from the analysis of the association with diarrhea. Twenty-eight (35%) of eighty fecal specimens yielded E. coli adherent to HEp-2 cells. LA was the most frequent pattern among isolates (11.2%), followed by LAL (10.0%), DA (8.7%), and AA (5.0%) (Table 3). Strains with LA were significantly associated with diarrhea (9 of 40 [22.5%] versus 0 of 40 [0.0%]; P 0.001). The prevalence of these strains was similar in children with acute and children with persistent diarrhea (Table 4). E. coli that showed an AA to HEp-2 cells were only identified in stool cultures from children with diarrhea (4 of 40 [10.0%]; P 0.057). These strains were found both in children with acute and persistent diarrhea. The proportion of strains with DA in culture cells from children with diarrhea was similar to that in children without diarrhea (P 0.50). Strains with the LAL pattern were found with significantly higher frequency (P 0.028) in cultures from children with diarrhea (7 of 40 [17.5%]) than in controls (1 of 40 [2.5%]). The number of strains in children with acute diarrhea was similar to that in children with persistent diarrhea. TABLE 4. O:H types and adherence patterns of E. coli isolated from infants with acute or persistent diarrhea and from controls Adherence pattern O:H type a No. of positive infants P a Acute Persistent Control LA O55:H 2 O86:H34 1 O111:H 1 O119:H6 2 2 OND:H45 1 LAL O26:H 1 O111:H 1 1 O127:HND 1 1 O128ab:H 1 O128ab:H35 1 OND:H4 1 AA O44:H18 1 O78:H2 1 OND:H26 1 OND:H16 1 DA O158:H4 1 OND:H2 1 OND:H7 1 OND:HND a ND, not determined.
4 VOL. 67, 1999 ADHERENCE PATTERN OF EPEC TO HEp-2 CELLS 3413 TABLE 5. Relationship between hybridization with DNA probes for adherence-related sequences and patterns of adherence to HEp- 2 cells of E. coli isolated from patients and controls Adherence pattern (no. of strains) a No. of isolates that hybridized with DNA probe: eaea EAF EAEC daac AIDA-I LA (39) LAL (23) AA (15) DA (19) NA (290) a Total of 386 strains. NA, nonadherent. Table 4 presents the O:H types of the E. coli adherence patterns isolated from the patients and controls. An association between classical serotypes and the LA pattern was observed, since 50.0% (9 of 18) of the classical serogroups presented in Table 2 showed the LA pattern. The O:H EPEC serotypes were O55:H, O86:H34, O111:H, and O119:H6. Only one strain with the LA pattern did not belong to the classical serogroup, namely, OND:H45. The LAL pattern was found in strains of the following serotypes: O26:H, O111:H, O127:HND, O128ab:H, O128ab:H35, and OND:H4. These serotypes, which (except for OND:H4) belong to the classic serogroups, were detected in patients and in one control. On the other hand, there was no association between classic O serotypes and AA or DA. The AA pattern was associated with serotypes O44:H18, O78:H2, OND:H26, and OND:H16, and the DA pattern was associated with serotypes O158:H4, OND: H2, OND:H7, and OND:HND. All E. coli strains were tested for hybridization with the eaea, EAF, EAEC, and DAEC DNA probes (Table 5). EPEC was analyzed on the basis of EAF and eaea probe positives. By using the eaea DNA probe, which is specific for both atypical and typical EPEC, 62 strains were found to be positive. Further characterization of these strains was achieved by hybridization with the EAF DNA probe. Only 39 of these hybridized with this probe. These typical EPEC strains showed an LA pattern. The other 23 strains that hybridized with the eaea and were EAF negative showed an LAL pattern. Detection of EAEC was performed by hybridization with the EAEC DNA probe. All isolates that showed an aggregative phenotype reacted with the EAEC DNA probe. Two DNA probes, daac and AIDA-I, were used to detect DAEC isolates. None of the 19 DAEC strains isolated reacted with these probes. DISCUSSION This study prospectively examined the association of E. coli HEp-2 adherence patterns with the duration of diarrhea. Several epidemiological studies examining the role of the different enteroadherent E. coli in children with diarrhea have been performed, mostly in developing countries (8, 15, 21). However, few investigations that have been published on this topic indicated the type and duration of diarrhea caused by these strains (1, 9). The present study was conducted in the emergency room of the São Paulo Hospital and was designed to isolate and characterize E. coli HEp-2 adherence patterns in children with acute or persistent diarrhea. Our results support the evidence from prospective casecontrol studies showing an association between strains with the LA and AA patterns and diarrhea (9, 21). We also found a strong association between strains with LAL pattern and diarrhea. There was no association between strains with DA and diarrhea. We have also confirmed that the LA pattern is characteristically associated with classical O serotypes of EPEC and diarrhea. A total of 88.9% of the LA EPEC strains isolated from patients belonged to classic O serogroups. The most common serogroups found in our study were O55 and O119, which are also common in Mexico (9) and Chile (31). LAL pattern was also found in strains belonging to classical serotypes. This pattern was not observed in tests with two incubation periods (30 min and 3 h). This could explain why some strains of EPEC serogroups isolated from patients with diarrhea did not show any pattern of adherence (40). On the other hand, EAEC and DAEC strains belonging to classic O serogroups were infrequently isolated. One EAEC strain was O44:H18, a proven pathogen (36, 44). This strain was isolated from a child with persistent diarrhea. There were no differences in the clinical presentations of children infected with the different enteroadherent E. coli. Also, the 16 children who did not show any adherence pattern did not differ in their clinical presentations from children who harbored enteroadherent E. coli. The typical EPEC strain continues to be an important cause of diarrhea in children up to 1 year (29, 38). In our study, nine strains adhered with an LA pattern and hybridized with the EAF probe. These strains were isolated in patients with acute or persistent diarrhea. Several outbreaks have implicated atypical EPEC as the causative agent (23, 42, 45), while other studies have not recovered atypical EPEC more frequently from diarrheal patients than from controls (11, 19, 20, 31). In the present study these strains showed an LAL pattern and were significantly associated with diarrhea. The mechanism by which E. coli LAL bacteria cause diarrhea is not known yet. These strains present only the eaea genes and do not possess the EAF factor. However, volunteer-based studies performed by Levine et al. (30) have shown that JPN15 (a plasmid-cured EPEC strain) caused diarrhea but did so less severely than the wild-type strain. Thus, it is possible that atypical EPEC lacking plasmid-encoded determinants also has the ability to cause diarrhea. Four E. coli strains characterized as EAEC were detected in this study. EAEC strains have been implicated as etiologic agents of infantile diarrhea in developing countries (3, 6, 18), most commonly among children with persistent diarrhea. In this study, EAEC strains were detected in children with acute or persistent diarrhea. These strains were equally detected by HEp-2 cell adherence pattern and by hybridization with the EAEC probe. Despite the fact that our results did not reach statistical significance (P 0.058), we believe that this tendency indicates an effective enteropathogenic role of EAEC in diarrhea in our patients. Recent studies have implicated DAEC strains as an agent of diarrhea (17, 22, 25), while other studies have not recovered DAEC strains more frequently from patients than from controls (9, 15). In the present study, there was no correlation between DAEC strains and diarrhea. All seven DAEC strains isolated in this study were defined only phenotypically by determination of their pattern of adherence to HEp-2 cells. These strains did not hybridize with the daac and AIDA-I probes. In conclusion, this study reafirms the importance of the typical EPEC as the most prevalent bacterial etiologic agent in infants under 1 year of age in developing countries. Moreover, we could also report a potential new enteropathogenic group of E. coli as a cause of both acute and persistent diarrhea. The
5 3414 SCALETSKY ET AL. INFECT. IMMUN. existence of the LAL adherence pattern observed in patients with diarrhea may indicate a new mechanism of production of the disease. Further studies are necessary to confirm the present observation as well as to elucidate the pathogenesis of this new type of enteric infection. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP). REFERENCES 1. Albert, M. J., S. M. Faruque, A. S. Faruque, P. K. Neogi, M. Ansaruzzaman, N. A. Bhuiyan, K. Alam, and M. S. Akbar Controled study of Escherichia coli diarrheal infections in Bangladesh children. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33: Baldini, M. M., J. B. Kaper, M. M. Levine, D. C. A. Candy, and H. W. Moon Plasmid-mediated adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 2: Baqui, A. H., R. B. Sack, R. E. Black, K. Haider, A. Hossain, A. R. M. A. Alim, M. Yunus, H. R. Chowdhury, and A. K. Siddique Enteropathogens associated with acute and persistent diarrhea in Bangladesh children 5 years of age. J. Infect. Dis. 166: Baudry, B., S. J. Savarino, P. Vial, J. B. Kaper, and M. M. Levine A sensitive and specific DNA probe to identify enteroaggregative E. coli, a recently discovered diarrheal pathogen. J. Infect. Dis. 161: Benz, I., and M. A. Schmidt Cloning and expression of an adhesin (AIDA-I) involved in diffuse adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 57: Bhan, M. K., P. Raj, M. M. Levine, J. B. Kaper, N. Bhandari, R. Srivastava, R. Kumar, and S. Sazawal Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli associated with persistent diarrhea in a cohort of rural children in India. J. Infect. Dis. 159: Bilge, S. S., C. R. Clausen, W. Lau, and S. L. Moseley Molecular characterization of a fimbrial adhesin, F1845, mediating diffuse adherence of diarrhea-associated Escherichia coli to HEp-2 cells. J. Bacteriol. 171: Biswas, R., E. A. S. Nelson, P. J. Lewindon, D. J. Lyon, P. B. Sullivan, and P. Echeverria Molecular epidemiology of Escherichia coli diarrhea in children in Hong Kong. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34: Cravioto, A., A. Tello, A. Navarro, J. Ruiz, H. Villafan, F. Uribe, and C. Eslava Association of Escherichia coli HEp-2 adherence patterns with type and duration of diarrhea. Lancet 337: Echeverria, P., D. N. Taylor, K. A. Bettelheim, A. Chatkacomorakot, S. Changchawalit, A. Thongcharoen, and U. Leksomboon HeLa celladherent enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in children under 1 year of age in Thailand. J. Clin. Microbiol. 25: Echeverria, P., F. Orskov, I. Orskov, S. Knutton, F. Scheutz, J. E. Brown, and U. Lexomboon Attaching and effacing enteropathogenic Escherichia coli as a cause of infantile diarrhea in Bangkok. J. Infect. Dis. 164: Echeverria, P., C. W. Hoge, L. Bodhidatta, C. Tungtaem, J. Hermann, S. Imlarp, and K. Tamura Etiology of diarrhea in a rural community in Western Thailand: importance of enteric viruses and enterovirulent Escherichia coli. J. Infect. Dis. 169: Edwards, P. R., and W. H. Ewing Identification of Enterobacteriaceae, 3rd ed. Burgess Publishing Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 14. Flewett, T. H., C. F. Arias, and A. Venecas Comparative evaluation of the WHO and DAKOPATTS enzyme-linked immunoassay kits for rotavirus detection. Bull. W. H. O. 67: Forestier, C., M. Meyer, S. Favre-Bonte, C. Rich, G. Malpuech, C. Le Bouguenec, J. Sirot, B. Joly, and C. De Champs Enteroadherent Escherichia coli and diarrhea in children: a prospective case-control study. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34: Gicquelais, K. G., M. M. Baldini, J. Martinez, L. Maggi, W. C. Martin, V. Prado, J. B. Kaper, and M. M. Levine Practical and economical method for using biotinylated DNA probes with bacterial colony blots to identify diarrhea-causing Escherichia coli. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28: Girón, J. A., T. Jones, F. Millán-Velasco, E. Castro-Munoz, L. Zarate, J. Fry, G. Frankel, S. L. Moseley, B. Baudry, J. B. Kaper, G. K. Schoolnik, and L. W. Riley Diffuse-adhering Escherichia coli (DAEC) as a putative cause of diarrhea in Mayan children in Mexico. J. Infect. Dis. 163: Gomes, T. A. T., P. A. Blake, and L. R. Trabulsi Prevalence of Escherichia coli strains with localized, diffuse, and aggregative adherence to HeLa cells in infants with diarrhea and matched controls. J. Clin. Microbiol. 27: Gomes, T. A. T., M. A. M. Vieira, I. K. Wachsmuth, P. A. Blake, and L. R. Trabulsi Serotype-specific prevalence of Escherichia coli strains with EPEC adherence factor genes in infants with and without diarrhea in São Paulo, Brazil. J. Infect. Dis. 160: Gomes, T. A. T., V. Rassi, K. L. Macdonald, S. R. T. S. Ramos, L. R. Trabulsi, M. A. M. Vieira, B. E. C. Guth, J. A. N. Candeias, C. Ivey, M. R. F. Toledo, and P. A. Blake Enteropathogens associated with acute diarrheal disease in urban infants in São Paulo, Brazil. J. Infect. Dis. 164: Gonzalez, R., M. Marino, R. Cloralt, M. Pequeneze, and I. P. Schael Age-specific prevalence of Escherichia coli with localized and aggregative adherence in Venezuelan infants with acute diarrhea. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35: Gunzburg, S. T., B. J. Chang, S. J. Elliot, V. Burke, and M. Gracey Diffuse and enteroaggregative patterns of adherence of enteric Escherichia coli isolated from aboriginal children from the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Infect. Immun. 167: Hedberg, C. W., S. J. Savarino, J. M. Besser, C. J. Paulus, V. M. Thelen, L. J. Myers, D. N. Cameron, T. J. Barrett, J. B. Kaper, and M. T. Osterholm An outbreak of foodborne illness caused by Escherichia coli O39:NM, an agent that does not fit into the existing scheme for classifying diarrheogenic E. coli. J. Infect. Dis. 176: Henricksens, S. A., and J. F. L. Pohlens Staining of cryptosporidia by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen tecnique. Acta Vet. Scand. 22: Jallat, C., V. Livrelli, A. Darfeuille-Michaud, C. Rich, and B. Joly Escherichia coli strains involved in diarrhea in France: high prevalence and heterogeneity of diffusely adhering strains. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31: Jerse, A. E., Y. Jun, B. D. Tall, and J. B. Kaper A genetic locus of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli necessary for the production of attaching and effacing lesions on tissue culture cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: Kaper, J. B Defining EPEC. Rev. Microbiol. 27(Suppl. 1): Knutton, S., A. D. Phillips, H. R. Smith, R. J. Gross, R. Shaw, P. Warson, and E. Price Screening for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in infants with diarrhea by the fluorescent-actin staining test. Infect. Immun. 59: Levine, M. M., and R. Edelman Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of classic serotypes associated with infant diarrhea: epidemiology and pathogenesis. Epidemiol. Rev. 6: Levine, M. M., J. P. Nataro, H. Karch, M. M. Baldini, J. B. Kaper, R. E. Black, M. L. Clements, and A. D. O Brien The diarrheal response of humans to some classic serotypes of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli is dependent on a plasmid encoding an enteroadhesiveness factor. J. Infect. Dis. 152: Levine, M. M., V. Prado, R. M. Robins-Browne, H. Lior, J. B. Kaper, S. L. Moseley, K. Gicquelais, J. P. Nataro, P. Vial, and B. Tall Use of DNA probes and HEp-2 cell adherence assay to detect diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. J. Infect. Dis. 158: Maas, R An improved colony hybridization method with significantly increased sensitivity for detection of single genes. Plasmid 10: Moon, H. W., S. C. Whipp, R. A. Argenzio, M. M. Levine, and R. A. Giannella Attaching and effacing of rabbit and human enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in pig and rabbit intestines. Infect. Immun. 41: Nataro, J. P., M. M. Baldini, J. B. Kaper, R. E. Black, N. Bravo, M. M. Levine Detection of an adherence factor of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with a DNA probe. J. Infect. Dis. 152: Nataro, J. P., J. B. Kaper, R. Robins-Browne, V. Prado, P. Vial, M. M. Levine Patterns of adherence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli to HEp-2 cells. Paediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 6: Nataro, J. P., Y. Deng, S. Cookson, A. Cravioto, S. J. Savarino, L. D. Guers, M. M. Levine, and C. O. Tacket Heterogeneity of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli virulence demonstrated in volunteers. J. Infect. Dis. 171: Nataro, J. P., and J. B. Kaper Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 11: Robins-Browne, R. M Traditional enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of infantile diarrhea. Rev. Infect. Dis. 9: Scaletsky, I. C. A., M. L. M. Silva, and L. R. Trabulsi Distinctive patterns of adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HeLa cells. Infect. Immun. 45: Scaletsky, I. C. A., M. L. M. Silva, M. R. F. Toledo, B. R. Davis, P. A. Blake, and L. R. Trabulsi Correlation between adherence to HeLa cells and serogroups, serotypes, and bioserotypes of Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 49: Scaletsky, I. C. A., J. S. Pelayo, R. Giraldi, J. Rodrigues, M. Z. Pedroso, and L. R. Trabulsi EPEC adherence to HEp-2 cells. Rev. Microbiol. 27(Suppl. 1): Scotland, S. M., G. A. Willshaw, H. R. Smith, B. Said, N. Stokes, and B.
6 VOL. 67, 1999 ADHERENCE PATTERN OF EPEC TO HEp-2 CELLS 3415 Rowe Virulence properties of Escherichia coli strains belonging to serogroups O26, O55, O111 and O128 isolated in the United Kingdom in 1991 from patients with diarrhea. Epidemiol. Infect. 111: Toledo, M. R. F., C. F. Fontes, and L. R. Trabulsi MILi-um meio para realização dos testes de motilidade, indol e lisina descarboxilase. Rev. Microbiol. 13: Vial, P. A., R. Robins-Browne, H. Lior, V. Prado, J. B. Kaper, J. P. Nataro, D. Maneval, A. Elsayed, M. M. Levine Characterization of enteroadherent-aggregative E. coli, a putative agent of diarrheal disease. J. Infect. Dis. 158: Viljanen, M. K., T. Peltola, S. Y. T. Junnila, L. Olkkonen, H. Jarvinen, M. Kuistila, and P. Huovinen Outbreak of diarrhea due to Escherichia coli O111:B4 in school children and adults: association of Vi antigen-like reactivity. Lancet 336: Editor: V. A. Fischetti
adherence factor (EAF) genes, and diarrhea showed that only EAF-positive (EAF+) E. coli strains belonging to the
~~~~~~~~ INFECrION AND IMMUNITY, Mar. 1993, p. 1152-1156 0019-9567/93/031152-05$02.00/0 Copyright 1993, American Society for Microbiology Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) serogroups have been identified
More informationAttaching and Effacing Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O18ab Invades Epithelial Cells and Causes Persistent Diarrhea
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Nov. 1996, p. 4876 4881 Vol. 64, No. 11 0019-9567/96/$04.00 0 Copyright 1996, American Society for Microbiology Attaching and Effacing Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O18ab Invades
More informationScreening for Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in Infants with
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Jan. 1991, p. 365-371 0019-9567/91/010365-07$02.00/0 Copyright 1991, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 59, No. 1 Screening for Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in Infants
More informationEnteroaggregative Escherichia coli Virulence Factors Are Found To Be Associated with Infantile Diarrhea in Brazil
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 2004, p. 1058 1063 Vol. 42, No. 3 0095-1137/04/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.3.1058 1063.2004 Copyright 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More informationeaea Genes in Escherichia coli Derived from Japanese Patients with Sporadic Diarrhea
eaea Genes in Escherichia coli Derived from Japanese Patients with Sporadic Diarrhea Mitsugu YAMAZAKI* & Makoto SAITO Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health (*Present adress: Hokubu Market Food Inspection
More informationVirulence factors of Escherichia coli strains belonging to serogroups O127 and O142
Epidemiol. Infect. (2003), 131, 815 821. f 2003 Cambridge University Press DOI: 10.1017/S095026880300877X Printed in the United Kingdom Virulence factors of Escherichia coli strains belonging to serogroups
More informationHEp-2 Cell Adherence Patterns, Serotyping, and DNA Analysis of Escherichia coli Isolates from Eight Patients with AIDS and Chronic Diarrhea
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Aug. 1997, p. 1952 1958 Vol. 35, No. 8 0095-1137/97/$04.00 0 Copyright 1997, American Society for Microbiology HEp-2 Cell Adherence Patterns, Serotyping, and DNA Analysis
More informationStudies of the small bowel surface by scanning electron microscopy in infants with persistent diarrhea
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research (2000) 33: 1437-1442 Small bowel surface in infants with persistent diarrhea ISSN 0100-879X 1437 Studies of the small bowel surface by scanning electron
More informationPrevalence of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli among Children with and without Diarrhea in Switzerland
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, June 2003, p. 2289 2293 Vol. 41, No. 6 0095-1137/03/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.6.2289 2293.2003 Copyright 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More informationCase-Control Study of Enteropathogens Associated with Childhood Diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 1999, p. 3458 3464 Vol. 37, No. 11 0095-1137/99/$04.00 0 Copyright 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Case-Control Study of Enteropathogens
More informationAtypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection and Prolonged Diarrhea in Children
Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection and Prolonged Diarrhea in Children Rang N. Nguyen,* 1 Louise S. Taylor,* Marija Tauschek,* and Roy M. Robins-Browne* Some clinical isolates of enteropathogenic
More informationPrevalence of diarrheogenic Escherichia coli and rotavirus among children from Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
E. Brazilian coli and Journal rotavirus of Medical in children and in Biological Botucatu, Research Brazil (2002) 35: 1311-1318 ISSN 0100-879X 1311 Prevalence of diarrheogenic Escherichia coli and rotavirus
More informationEnterovirulent Escherichia coli. Tom Cheasty Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens
Enterovirulent Escherichia coli Tom Cheasty Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens Classes of Enterovirulent E. coli Urinary Tract Septicaemia / Meningitis Enteropathogenic Enteroinvasive Enterotoxigenic Vero
More informationAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, , São Paulo, Brazil e Department of Cell Biology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 43 (2005) 259 264 www.fems-microbiology.org Antibody response against plasmid-encoded toxin (Pet) and the protein involved in intestinal colonization (Pic) in children
More informationPhenotypic and genotypic characterization of Escherichia Coli O111 serotypes
Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench. 2011;4(3):147-152 2011 RIGLD, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases ORIGINAL ARTICLE Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of
More informationReceived 23 February 2011/Returned for modification 28 March 2011/Accepted 5 April 2011
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, June 2011, p. 2274 2278 Vol. 49, No. 6 0095-1137/11/$12.00 doi:10.1128/jcm.00386-11 Copyright 2011, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Characterization
More informationIDENTIFICATION OF THE asta GENE IN ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS RESPONSIBLE FOR DIARRHEA IN PIGS
Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy 47, 9-15, 2003 IDENTIFICATION OF THE asta GENE IN ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS RESPONSIBLE FOR DIARRHEA IN PIGS JACEK OSEK Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary
More informationVirulence Markers of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Isolated from Children and Adults with Diarrhea in Brasília, Brazil
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, May 2003, p. 1827 1832 Vol. 41, No. 5 0095-1137/03/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.5.1827 1832.2003 Copyright 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More informationPrevalence and Properties of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli among Healthy Individuals in Osaka City, Japan
Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 62, 318-323, 2009 Epidemiological Report Prevalence and Properties of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli among Healthy Individuals in Osaka City, Japan Sami Fujihara 1,2,3, Kentaro Arikawa
More informationPhenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Shiga Toxinproducing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Children in
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 97(8): 1085-1089, December 2002 1085 Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Shiga Toxinproducing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Children in São
More informationRandom Amplification of Polymorphic DNA Reveals Serotype- Specific Clonal Clusters among Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Humans
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, June 1997, p. 1521 1525 Vol. 35, No. 6 0095-1137/97/$04.00 0 Copyright 1997, American Society for Microbiology Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA Reveals Serotype-
More informationAssociation of IL-8-Inducing Strains of Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli with Sporadic Diarrheal Patients with Less Than 5 Years of Age
44 BJID 2007; 11 (February) Association of IL-8-Inducing Strains of Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli with Sporadic Diarrheal Patients with Less Than 5 Years of Age Ismail Mustafa Meraz 1, Kentaro Arikawa
More informationEnteropathogens Associated with Diarrheal Disease in Infants of Poor Urban Areas of Porto Velho, Rondônia: a Preliminary Study
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 96(5): 621-625, Jul 2001 Enteropathogens Associated with Diarrheal Disease in Infants of Poor Urban Areas of Porto Velho, Rondônia: a Preliminary Study Patrícia
More informationGENETICALLY ENGINEERED ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAIN PROTECTS RABBITS AGAINST COLIBACILLOSIS.
Proceedings - th World Rabbit Congress September -1, Puebla, Mexico GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAIN PROTECTS RABBITS AGAINST COLIBACILLOSIS. BOULLIER S., NOUGAYRÈDE J-P.,
More informationDetection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from children with and without diarrhea in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro Detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from children with and without diarrhea in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil Vanessa Bueris, Marcelo Palma Sircili, Carla Romano
More informationTrue Pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae: Salmonella, Shigella & Yersinia Salmonella
Lec. 6 Oral Microbiology Dr. Chatin True Pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae: Salmonella, Shigella & Yersinia Salmonella General Characteristics of Salmonella جامعة تكريت كلية طب االسنان Coliform bacilli
More informationFoodborne Outbreak of E. coli Infections and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Germany, 2011
Foodborne Outbreak of E. coli Infections and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Germany, 2011 Kirk Smith, DVM, MS, PhD Supervisor Foodborne, Vectorborne and Zoonotic Diseases Unit Minnesota Department of Health
More informationEnteroaggregative Escherichia coli
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli James P. Nataro,* Theodore Steiner, and Richard L. Guerrant *University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; and University of Virginia School of
More informationGRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI THE ENTERICS: Family Enterobacteriaceae: Genus Escherichia & Genus Klebsiella
DR. HUDA ABO- ALEES 214-2-15 Obgectives: GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI THE ENTERICS: Family Enterobacteriaceae: Genus Escherichia & Genus Klebsiella Describe the morphology & physiology for E.coli & Klebsiella
More informationDR. HUDA ABO- ALEES GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI THE ENTERICS:
DR. HUDA ABO- ALEES 214-2-15 GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI THE ENTERICS: Family Enterobacteriaceae: Genus Escherichia & Genus Klebsiella OBJECTIVES Describe the morphology & physiology for E.coli & Klebsiella
More informationAre all VTEC created Equal?
PHL-HSE-Dublin Mid Leinster Are all VTEC created Equal? Anne Carroll Escherichia coli Commensal Microrganism but some strains are cause of infections in humans Syndromes associated to E. coli infections:
More informationDevelopment and Application of an Enteric Pathogens Microarray
Development and Application of an Enteric Pathogens Microarray UC Berkeley School of Public Health Sona R. Saha, MPH Joseph Eisenberg, PhD Lee Riley, MD Alan Hubbard, PhD Jack Colford, MD PhD East Bay
More informationDear Healthcare Provider, The information contained here may be very important to your practice. Please take a moment to review this document.
February 2018 Dear Healthcare Provider, The information contained here may be very important to your practice. Please take a moment to review this document. TEST BULLETIN CHLAMYDIA/GONORRHEA SPECIMEN COLLECTION
More informationCharacterization of Escherichia coli Strains from Cases of Childhood Diarrhea in Provincial Southwestern Nigeria
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Jan. 2000, p. 7 12 Vol. 38, No. 1 0095-1137/00/$04.00 0 Copyright 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Characterization of Escherichia coli Strains
More informationShiga Toxin producing E. coli (STEC) in food which serotypes are important? Lothar Beutin
BUNDESINSTITUT FÜR RISIKOBEWERTUNG Shiga Toxin producing E. coli (STEC) in food which serotypes are important? Lothar Beutin National Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli Federal Institute for Risk
More informationA foodborne outbreak of entero-invasive E.coli (EIEC) infection in Italy, April 2012
A foodborne outbreak of entero-invasive E.coli (EIEC) infection in Italy, April 2012 Martina Escher Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare National Reference Laboratory for
More informationEpidemiology of Diarrheal Diseases. Robert Black, MD, MPH Johns Hopkins University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. Your use of this material constitutes acceptance of that license and the conditions of use of materials on this
More informationTHE OCCURRENCE OF DIARRHOEAGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE IN BASRAH, SOUTHERN IRAQ. Hassan J Hasony, MPhil, PhD*
Bahrain Medical Bulletin, Volume 18, Number 2, June 1996 THE OCCURRENCE OF DIARRHOEAGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE IN BASRAH, SOUTHERN IRAQ Hassan J Hasony, MPhil, PhD* Objective:
More informationTitle: The Operon Encoding SubAB a Novel Cytotoxin is Present in US STEC Isolates ACCEPTED
JCM Accepts, published online ahead of print on February 00 J. Clin. Microbiol. doi:./jcm.000-0 Copyright 00, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved.
More informationSEROLOGICAL TYPES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI IN ASSOCIATION WITH
SEROLOGICAL TYPES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI IN ASSOCIATION WITH INFANTILE GASTROENTERITIS G. S. TAWIL AND S. EL KHOLY Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ein Chams, Cairo, U. A. R.
More informationGram-Negative rods Introduction to
Lec 5 Oral Microbiology Dr. Chatin Gram-Negative rods Introduction to Enterobacteriaceae Characteristics: جامعة تكريت كلية طب االسنان Small gram-negative rods (2-5 by 0.5 microns) Most motile with peritrichous
More informationGI Bacterial Infections (part-1)
GI Bacterial Infections (part-1) Mohammed Abdulla Mehdi FIBMS (internal medicine), FIBMS (Gastroenterology & Hepatology) Acute diarrhea and vomiting Acute diarrhea, sometimes with vomiting, is the predominant
More informationShigella and salmonella
Sulaimani University College of Pharmacy Microbiology Lec. 9 & 10 Shigella and salmonella Dr. Abdullah Ahmed Hama PhD. Microbiology/Molecular Parasitology abdullah.hama@spu.edu.iq 1 Shigella Shigella species
More informationDISCLOSURE Relevant relationships with commercial entities Wyeth (received advisory board & speaker honoraria) Potential for conflicts of interest wit
GASTROENTERITIS DISCLOSURE Relevant relationships with commercial entities Wyeth (received advisory board & speaker honoraria) Potential for conflicts of interest within this presentation fidaxomicin (which
More informationThe Relationship between O-Antigens and Pathogenic Genes of Diarrhea-Associated Escherichia coli
Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 58, 65-69, 2005 Original Article The Relationship between O-Antigens and Pathogenic Genes of Diarrhea-Associated Escherichia coli Yuichiro Tamaki*, Hiroshi Narimatsu 1, Tomoko Miyazato
More informationPAMET Continuing Education 2016
PAMET Continuing Education 2016 Agent of gastroenteritis Medium/method] used for routine screening/detection in stool samples Salmonella, Shigella, MacConkey, Hektoen, Bismuth sulfite,etc. Plesiomonas
More informationBacterial Enteric Pathogens: Clostridium difficile, Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, and others
GUIDE TO INFECTION CONTROL IN THE HOSPITAL CHAPTER 48 Bacterial Enteric Pathogens: Clostridium difficile, Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, and others Authors Olivier Vandenberg, MD, PhD Michèle
More informationPrimary Lactase Deficiency among Malnourished Children with Persistent Diarrhea in Tbilisi, Georgia
THIEME Case Report e19 Primary Lactase Deficiency among Malnourished Children with Persistent Diarrhea in Tbilisi, Georgia Ketevan Nemsadze 1 Eka Liluashvili 1 N. Kikodze 1 T. Bakhtadze 1 1 Department
More informationGram-negative rods: Enterobacteriaceae Part II Common Organisms. Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli. CLS 418 Clinical Microbiology I
Gram-negative rods: Enterobacteriaceae Part II Common Organisms Karen Honeycutt, M.Ed., MLS(ASCP) CM SM CM Session Enterobacteriaceae Antigens O somatic, part of cell wall (serogroup) Stimulates earliest
More informationConfirmation of Aerogenic Strains of Shigella boydii 13 and Further Study of Shigella Serotypes by DNA Relatedness
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Sept. 19, p. 432-436 0095-1137//090432-05$02.00/0 Vol. 16, No. 3 Confirmation of Aerogenic Strains of Shigella boydii 13 and Further Study of Shigella Serotypes by DNA
More informationEnteropathogenic Escherichia coli Decreases the Transepithelial
INFECrION AND IMMUNITY, JUlY 1993, p. 2755-2762 0019-9567/93/072755-08$02.00/0 Copyright C 1993, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 61, No. 7 Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Decreases the Transepithelial
More informationShiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli Terry Arthur Research Microbiologist Meat Safety and Quality Research Unit U.S. Meat Animal Research Center Use of product names by USDA implies no approval to the
More informationCharacterization of Escherichia coli Serotype 0157:H7
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Oct. 1988, p. 2006-2012 0095-1137/88/102006-07$02.00/0 Copyright 1988, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 26, No. 10 Characterization of Escherichia coli Serotype
More informationAdvances in Gastrointestinal Pathogen Detection
Advances in Gastrointestinal Pathogen Detection Erin McElvania TeKippe, Ph.D., D(ABMM) Director of Clinical Microbiology Children s Health System, Assistant Professor of Pathology and Pediatrics UT Southwestern
More informationSerotypes of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Thailand and
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, June 98, p. 8-86 9-967/8/68-6$./ Vol. 36, No. 3 Serotypes of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Thailand and the Philippines PETER ECHEVERRIA,l* FRITS RSKOV, IDA RSKOV, AND DUANGRATANA
More informationAssociation of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Hemolysin with Serotypes of Shiga-Like-Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli of Human and Bovine Origins
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 1998, p. 4134 4141 Vol. 64, No. 11 0099-2240/98/$04.00 0 Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Association of Enterohemorrhagic
More informationRotavirus-Associated Diarrhea in Rural Bangladesh: Two-Year Study of Incidence and Serotype Distribution
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, July 1991, p. 1359-1363 0095-1137/91/071359-05$02.00/0 Copyright 1991, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 29, No. 7 Rotavirus-Associated Diarrhea in Rural Bangladesh:
More informationGastrointestinal Disease from 2007 to 2014
Data Requested by Amber Erickson, Epidemiologist, North Central Health District Gastrointestinal Disease from 2007 to 2014 North Central Health District Aemon Weaver, Epidemiology Intern, NCHD September
More information2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT Diarrheal diseases are the major cause of death in children under 5 years of age in resourcepoor countries, resulting in approximately 2.5 million deaths each
More informationSurveillance and outbreak investigation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli using whole genome sequencing- time for a change!
Surveillance and outbreak investigation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli using whole genome sequencing- time for a change! Dr Marie Anne Chattaway Deputy Head STEC Laboratory Gastrointestinal
More informationReceived 4 August 2004/Accepted 6 January 2005
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, July 2005, p. 3405 3412 Vol. 71, No. 7 0099-2240/05/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/aem.71.7.3405 3412.2005 Copyright 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More informationThe Cost-effectiveness of a GI PCR panel in Detecting Necessary to Treat Infections
The Cost-effectiveness of a GI PCR panel in Detecting Necessary to Treat Infections Annie L. Andrews MD, MSCR Annie N. Simpson PhD Kit N. Simpson DrPH Daniel C. Williams MD, MSCR The authors have nothing
More informationEtiology of Children s Diarrhea in Montevideo, Uruguay: Associated Pathogens and Unusual Isolates
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, June 2001, p. 2134 2139 Vol. 39, No. 6 0095-1137/01/$04.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.6.2134 2139.2001 Copyright 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More information54 MMWR March 17, Appendix B. Guidelines for Confirmation of Foodborne-Disease Outbreaks
54 MMWR March 17, 2000 Appendix B Guidelines for Confirmation of Foodborne-Disease Outbreaks A foodborne-disease outbreak (FBDO) is defined as an incident in which two or more persons experience a similar
More information(Bornstein et al., 1941; Saphra and Silberberg, 1942; Wheeler et al., 1943; Edwards,
TWO PARACOLON CULTURES RELATED ANTIGENICALLY TO SHIGELLA PARADYSENTERIAE1 W. W. FERGUSON AND WARREN E. WHEELER Bureau of Laboratories, Michigan Department of Health, Lansing, Michigan, and the Children's
More informationPrevalence of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in Children under 5 Years with Diarrhoea in Yola
Microbiology Research Journal International 24(4): 1-15, 2018; Article no.mrji.39741 ISSN: 2456-7043 (Past name: British Microbiology Research Journal, Past ISSN: 2231-0886, NLM ID: 101608140) Prevalence
More informationGastroenteritis and viral infections
Gastroenteritis and viral infections A Large number of viruses are found in the human gut; these include some that are associated with gastroenteritis Rotaviruses Adenoviruses 40/41 Caliciviruses Norwalk-like
More informationSIGNIFICANCE OF E. COLI AND ROTA VIRUS IN INFANTILE DIARRHOEA
SIGNIFICANCE OF E. COLI AND ROTA VIRUS IN INFANTILE DIARRHOEA Pages with reference to book, From 326 To 328 Rakhshanda Baqai, Sarwar J. Zuberi, Mushtaq A. Khan ( PMRC Research Centre, Jinnah Postgraduate
More informationPrevalence of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Finns with or without Diarrhea during a Round-the-World Trip
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Dec. 2000, p. 4425 4429 Vol. 38, No. 12 0095-1137/00/$04.00 0 Copyright 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Prevalence of Diarrheagenic Escherichia
More informationAdriana H. Regua-Mangia, 1 Tânia A. T. Gomes, 2 Mônica A. M. Vieira, 2 Kinue Irino 3 and Lúcia M. Teixeira 4 INTRODUCTION
Journal of Medical Microbiology (2009), 58, 414 422 DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.006502-0 Molecular typing and virulence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains isolated from children with and without diarrhoea
More informationPig digest: Bacteriology Manakorn Sukmak
Pig digest: Bacteriology 24th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress 8th European Symposium of Porcine Health Management June 7th - 10th 2016Dublin, Ireland Manakorn Sukmak, DVM, MSc, PhD Dept.
More informationChildren s Diarrhea in Hanoi, Vietnam Importance of Enteric Pathogens Nguyen Vu Trung, MD
From the Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden Children s Diarrhea in Hanoi, Vietnam Importance
More informationENTEROBACTERIACEAE 1
ENTEROBACTERIACEAE 1 Family Enterobacteriaceae often referred to as enterics Enterics are ubiquitous in nature Except for few, most are present in the intestinal tract of animals and humans as commensal
More informationEscherichia coli Pathotypes Associated with Diarrhea in Romanian Children Younger than 5 Years of Age
Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 62, 289-293, 2009 Original Article Escherichia coli Pathotypes Associated with Diarrhea in Romanian Children Younger than 5 Years of Age Codruţa-Romaniţa Usein*, Dorina Tatu-Chiţoiu
More informationHigh prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli carrying toxin-encoding genes isolated from children and adults in southeastern Brazil
Spano et al. BMC Infectious Diseases (2017) 17:773 DOI 10.1186/s12879-017-2872-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access High prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli carrying toxin-encoding genes isolated from
More informationEnterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Human Infection: In Vivo Evolution of a Bacterial Pathogen
MAJOR ARTICLE Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Human Infection: In Vivo Evolution of a Bacterial Pathogen Alexander Mellmann, 1,a Martina Bielaszewska, 1,a Lothar B. Zimmerhackl, 4 Rita Prager, 3
More informationImproving the Detection of Shiga Toxin- Producing Escherichia coli (STEC)
Improving the Detection of Shiga Toxin- Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) C a ra W i l d e r, P h. D. Te c h n i c a l Wr i t e r, ATC C A u g u s t 1 8, 2016 About ATCC Founded in 1925, ATCC is a non-profit
More informationDetection of 23 Gastrointestinal Pathogens Among Children Who Present With Diarrhea
Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society ORIGINAL ARTICLE Detection of 23 Gastrointestinal Pathogens Among Children Who Present With Diarrhea Chris Stockmann, 1 Andrew T. Pavia, 1 Brad Graham,
More informationPrevalence of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in children from León, Nicaragua
Journal of Medical Microbiology (2009), 58, 630 637 DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.007369-0 Prevalence of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in children from León, Nicaragua Samuel Vilchez, 1,2 Daniel Reyes, 1,3 Margarita
More informationProduce Food Safety. Understand what you want to prevent
Produce Food Safety Dr. Karen Killinger Washington State University Understand what you want to prevent The better we understand how pathogens function, the better we can prevent their survival and growth
More informationKey words: verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli, bloody diarrhea, intussusception, sorbitol-macconkey medium, PCR
Key words: verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli, bloody diarrhea, intussusception, sorbitol-macconkey medium, PCR Fig. 1 Monthly distribution of enterocolitis with bloody stools seen at three hospitals
More informationBacteria agents of Diarrhoea in Children Aged 0-5 Years, in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 6 (2014) pp. 1048-1054 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Bacteria agents of Diarrhoea in Children Aged 0-5 Years, in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria M.Galadima
More informationAyman Musleh. Osama Hussein, Saba Massimi ... Dr.Anas
14 Ayman Musleh Osama Hussein, Saba Massimi... Dr.Anas Enterobacteriaceae: *General properties: 1. Enterobacteriaceae are moderate-sized (0.3 to 1.0 1.0 to 6.0 μm). 2. non spore-forming. 3. gram-negative
More informationGram-negative rods Ferment glucose with acid production Reduce nitrates into nitrites Oxidase negative Facultative anaerobic
Enterobacteriaceae Lecture -17 Dr.Baha,H. AL-Amiedi Ph. D.Microbiology Gram-negative rods Enterobacteriaceae Characters of Enterobacteriaceae EnterobacteriaciaeAll Gram-negative rods Ferment glucose with
More informationAetiology of Diarrhoea in a Birth Cohort of Children Aged 0-2 Year(s) in Rural Mirzapur, Bangladesh
J HEALTH POPUL NUTR 2006 Mar;24(1):25-35 2006 ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research ISSN 1606-0997 $ 5.00+0.20 Aetiology of Diarrhoea in a Birth Cohort of Children Aged 0-2 Year(s) in Rural
More informationDiarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Shigella Strains Isolated from Children in a Hospital Case-Control Study in Hanoi, Vietnam
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 2008, p. 996 1004 Vol. 46, No. 3 0095-1137/08/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/jcm.01219-07 Copyright 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Diarrheagenic
More informationBacteria Pathogen Virulence Primer
A D V A N C E S I N P A T H O G E N R E D U C T I O N Bacteria Pathogen Virulence Primer GREGORY R. SIRAGUSA * Introduction The manner in which bacterial pathogens caused human disease has been and is
More informationDiarrhea in Nontravelers: Risk and Etiology
SUPPLEMENT ARTICLE Diarrhea in Nontravelers: Risk and Etiology Mary E. Wilson Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Mount Auburn Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Acute diarrheal illnesses
More informationDETECTION/ISOLATION OF YERSINIA PESTIS BY COMPARISON OF VIRULENCE PLASMID (pyv)- ASSOCIATED PHENOTYPES IN YERSINIA SPECIES
DETECTION/ISOLATION OF YERSINIA PESTIS BY COMPARISON OF VIRULENCE PLASMID (pyv)- ASSOCIATED PHENOTYPES IN YERSINIA SPECIES SAUMYA BHADURI Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Department of Agriculture,
More informationReceived 17 February 2004/Returned for modification 18 March 2004/Accepted 15 April 2004
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Sept. 2004, p. 4111 4120 Vol. 42, No. 9 0095-1137/04/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.9.4111 4120.2004 Copyright 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More informationControlled study on enteropathogens in travellers returning from the tropics with and without diarrhoea
ORIGINAL ARTICLE VIROLOGY Controlled study on enteropathogens in travellers returning from the tropics with and without diarrhoea C. Paschke, N. Apelt, E. Fleischmann, P. Perona, C. Walentiny, T. Löscher
More informationا.م.د.هيفاء الحديثي. Enterobacteriaceae
ا.م.د.هيفاء الحديثي Bacteriology Genus Salmonella Enterobacteriaceae - Pathogenic for human and animals - They are gram negative rods, motile with peritrichous flagella except Gallinarum-pullorum - Ferment
More informationA Prospective Case-Control Study of the Role of Astrovirus in Acute Diarrhea among Hospitalized Young Children
10 A Prospective Case-Control Study of the Role of Astrovirus in Acute Diarrhea among Hospitalized Young Children Penelope H. Dennehy, 1 Sara M. Nelson, 1 Sara Spangenberger, 1 Jacqueline S. Noel, 2 Stephan
More informationAssociations between Virulence Factors of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Disease in Humans
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 1999, p. 497 503 Vol. 37, No. 3 0095-1137/99/$04.00 0 Copyright 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Associations between Virulence Factors
More informationEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Developing Countries: Epidemiology, Microbiology, Clinical Features, Treatment, and Prevention
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, July 2005, p. 465 483 Vol. 18, No. 3 0893-8512/05/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/cmr.18.3.465 483.2005 Copyright 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Enterotoxigenic
More informationVirulence profiles of Shiga toxin 2e-producing Escherichia coli isolated from healthy pig at slaughter
Veterinary Microbiology 117 (2006) 328 332 Short communication Virulence profiles of Shiga toxin 2e-producing Escherichia coli isolated from healthy pig at slaughter C. Zweifel a, S. Schumacher a, L. Beutin
More informationManal AL khulaifi. Enterobacteriaceae
Enterobacteriaceae Characteristics E.coli Most significant species in the genus Important potential pathogen in humans Common isolate from colon flora Dry, pink (lactose positive) pink colony with area
More informationChapter 1 The Public Health Role of Clinical Laboratories
Chapter 1 The Public Health Role of Clinical Laboratories A. Epidemic Diarrhea The two most common types of epidemic diarrhea in developing countries are watery diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroup
More informationDiarrheal Diseases in Asia: overview and update. G. Balakrish Nair, PhD Ag. Regional Advisor Research Policy and Cooperation WHO, SEARO
Diarrheal Diseases in Asia: overview and update G. Balakrish Nair, PhD Ag. Regional Advisor Research Policy and Cooperation WHO, SEARO Overview of the talk Global and Regional burden of diarrheal disease
More information