NJSP HMRU June 10, 2004

Transcription

1 June 10, 2004 Chemical-Bio Agents Module 3 Overview 1 Objectives Student will: Demonstrate ability to recognize signs and symptoms of chemical agent exposure Describe how to protect oneself against chemical agents Demonstrate a knowledge of terms, symbols, definitions and characteristics Overview 2 Chemical Agents General Characteristics of Chemical Agents Generally liquid (when containerized) Normally disseminated as aerosols or gas Influenced by weather conditions Can be protected against Overview 3 Module 3 1

2 June 10, ppm Chemical Agents Concentration Will Vary Within Cloud 60 ppm Effected by environment 7 ppm Overview 4 Chemical Agents Classes of Chemical Agents Chemical Agents Toxic Incapacitating Choking Blood Blister Nerve Overview 5 Common Name, Military Symbol Odor Persistency Form Rate of Action Route of entry Symptoms Hazard Self aid Decontamination Choking Agents Phosgene (CG) Chlorine (Cl) Newly Mown Hay Swimming Pool Minutes to hours Gas, heavier than air Immediate, symptoms will get worse with time Respiratory Coughing, choking, tightness of the chest Respiratory Leave contaminated area Aeration Overview 6 Module 3 2

3 June 10, 2004 Common Name, Military Symbol Odor Persistency Form Rate of Action Route of entry Symptoms Hazard Self aid Decontamination Overview 7 Blood Agents Hydrogen Cyanide (AC) Cyanogen Chloride (CK) Bitter Almonds Bitter Almonds Minutes to hours Gas, lighter than air Gas, heavier than air Rapid (seconds) Respiratory Flush color, gasping for air, reddish lips (blue in dark-skinned), frothing Respiratory Leave contaminated area; Antidote available Aeration Blister Agents Common Name, Military Symbol Odor Persistency Form Rate of Action Route of entry Symptoms Hazard Self aid Decontamination Overview 8 Mustard (H) Garlic Lewisite (L) Phosgene Oxime (CX) Geraniums Irritating Hours to days Liquid, Gas, heavier than air Solid Rapid Skin, inhalation, eyes H, no immediate pain; L and CX immediate pain; burning eyes, coughing, skin blistering after 6-24 hrs. Respiratory and skin Immediate removal; flush with water; dilute bleach Removal; flush with water; dilute bleach Blisters Overview 9 Module 3 3

4 June 10, 2004 Nerve Agents Common Name, Military Symbol Odor Persistency Form Rate of Action Route of entry Symptoms Hazard Self aid Decontamination Tabun (GA) Sarin (GB) None; fruity Soman (GD) VX None; camphor None; sulfur Minutes to hours Hours Hours to days Liquid vapor; heavier than air Liquid Inhalation rapid; skin seconds to minutes Skin, inhalation, eyes Pinpointing pupils; dimness of vision; runny nose; drooling; difficulty breathing; tightness in chest; muscle twitching Respiratory and skin Immediate removal; flush with water; dilute bleach Removal; flush with water; dilute bleach Overview 10 Pinpointing of Pupils Overview 11 SLUDGE-M S - Salivation - Drooling L - Lacrimation - Tearing U - Urination D - Defecation G - Gastrointestinal; pain and gas E - Emesis - Vomiting M - Miois - Twitching Overview 12 Module 3 4

5 June 10, 2004 VX Sarin Mustard Hydrogen Cyanide Phosgene Cyanogen Chloride Chlorine Relative Lethality in Relation to Chlorine (Respiratory) Overview 13 Key Points Chemical agents are supertoxic But: They can be detected You can protect yourself There are first aid measures They can be decontaminated Overview 14 Biological Agents Overview 15 Module 3 5

6 June 10, 2004 Objectives Know how to protect yourself Universal Precautions/PPE Biological Agents Recognize the hazards and indicators of a biological incident Overview 16 Do not penetrate unbroken skin Non-volatile More toxic than chemicals by weight Undetectable by senses Limited field detection Disseminate as aerosols Characteristics Bacilli Overview 17 Biological Agents Biological Characteristics (Continued) Range of effects Obtained from nature Relatively easy to produce Have delayed effects Anthrax Overview 18 Module 3 6

7 June 10, 2004 Overview 19 Potential Biological Agents Anthrax (bacteria) Plague (bacteria) Q fever (rickettsia) Small pox (virus) Ebola (virus) Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) (virus) Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (toxin) Botulinum (toxin) Ricin (toxin) Bacteria and Viruses Routes of entry Multiply and overcome body s immune system Some can cause epidemics Biological Agents Tularemia Anthrax Spore Overview 20 Poisonous substances produced as byproducts of microorganisms, plants and animals Not living organisms Not CONTAGIOUS Toxins Biological Agents Overview 21 Module 3 7

8 June 10, 2004 Detection of Biological Attacks Calls to & EMS responses Medical community response Epidemiology Overview 22 Protecting Yourself Against Biological Agents Mask Clothing Sanitation measures Decontamination Medical treatment Blood-borne pathogen universal precautions Overview 23 Decontamination Wet Strip Flush Cover Overview 24 Module 3 8

9 June 10, 2004 HEPA Filters Overview 25 First indications may be calls or patient surge on medical community. Protection Protective mask/hepa mask, properly fitted Good sanitary procedures/universal precautions on site Seek medical attention immediately Treatment is available Key Points Overview 26 End of Module Additional information on specific materials follows. Overview 27 Module 3 9

10 June 10, 2004 Respiratory, cuts in skin, Ingestion. Incubation period: 1-7 days Contagious: No Mortality: 80%-90% (respiratory) Nausea Fever, chills Swelling of lymph nodes Anthrax Overview 28 Overview 29 Overview 30 Flea bites Incubation period: 2-3 days Contagious: Yes Mortality: 90%-100% (respiratory) Headache, shortness of breath High fever, chills Spitting up blood Plague Module 3 10

11 June 10, 2004 Respiratory, digestive Incubation period: 2-10 days Contagious: No Mortality: Low (under 1%) Flu like Q Fever Overview 31 Respiratory Incubation period: days Contagious: Yes Mortality: 30% Fever, rigors, vomiting Headache, backache Lesions (after 2-3 days) Small Pox Overview 32 Direct contact Incubation period: 3-21 days Contagious: Yes Mortality: 90% Fever, vomiting, diarrhea Blotches on skin Bleeding Ebola Overview 33 Module 3 11

12 June 10, 2004 Overview 34 Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Mosquito bites, respiratory Incubation period: 1-5 days Contagious: No Mortality: 1% Flu like VEE Staphyloccus Enterotoxin B Digestive, respiratory Incubation period: 4-6 hours Contagious: No Mortality: Low Vomiting, abdominal cramps, explosive watery diarrhea (ingestion) High fever, cough chills, prostration (respiratory) SEB Overview 35 Digestive, respiratory Incubation period: hours Contagious: No Mortality: 80% Weakness, dizziness Dry mouth and throat Blurred vision Botulinum Overview 36 Module 3 12

13 June 10, 2004 Digestive, respiratory Incubation period: hours Contagious: No Mortality: High Nausea, vomiting Abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea Difficulty breathing Ricin Overview 37 Module 3 13