Contributions to the study of fungi of Bihar India I.

Transcription

1 Contributions to the study of fungi of Bihar India I. By M. J. Thirumaiachar & J. N. Mishra (Bangalore & Bihar Agric. College, India). With plate IV. Bihar is one of the Chief states in the Gangetic delta, distributed on either side of the Ganges river. It includes intensively cultivated plains areas as well as mountainous lerrain in the Chotanagpur region. Bihar has always held a prominent place in the field of Indian Mycology, because it was here that late Dr. E. J. Butier who gave a fillip to the study of this important subject in India, carried out most of his studies. All his collections maintained at one time at Pusa, Bihar, are now deposited in Herb. Crypt. Ind. Orient., New Delhi. Another indef atigable collector, Dr. H o o k e r collected plant materials including fungi in Parasnath hüls in the late 19th Century, and these were sent to B e r k e 1 ey in England for identification. In the present studies the authors have been able to collect fungi from different parts of Bihar. These are either new to science, new records for Bihar or have been collected from new localities in Bihar where they have not been reported before. The type materials of the new species have been deposited in Herb. Crypt. Indiae ürientalis, New Delhi, in Herb. I.M.I., Kew England, and in the Mycological Division, U.S.D.A., Beltsville, Maryland, U.S.A. 1. Biharia Thirumaiachar & Mishra Gen. nov. Colonies as in Cercospora, mycelium yellowish-brown, emerging through stoma and developing a stroma from which conidiophores arise; conidiophores yellowish-brown, septate and geniculate and smooth. Conidia developing singly in' succession, yellowish-brown, obclavate or linear, echinulate or rugose, 1 to severai septate, simple or mostly branched and with protrusions at the region of septa. Caespituli ut in Cercospora; mycelium luteo-brunneum, hypostromata pseudoparenchymatica e stomatibus erumpentia efficiens; conidiophara in hypostromatibus oriunda, luteo-brunnea, septata, recta vel varie curvula; conidia acrogena, iterum iterumque oriunda, obclavata vel linearia, echinulata vel rugosa, 1- vel pluriseptata, minora simplicia majora plerumque papillis vel ramulis 1 2 lateralibus praedita. Biharia vangueriae Thirumal. & Mishra Sp. nov. Infection spots yellowish to deep reddish-brown, circular to polygonal, separating from and leaving a shot hole on leaf surface. ' 79

2 Mycelium intercellular, emerging through stomata and developing a stroma of few compact cells, stromata 18 ^ in diameter. Conidiophores developing from stroma (Fig. 1), pale-yellowish-brown, 1 to 2 septate at base, unbranched, geniculate at apex, smooth, 29 to 79 (average 47.0) JJ, long, 3 to 5 (j, broad. Conidia (Figs. 2 and 3) developing singly at apex, yellowish-brown, 1 12 septate, obclavate to linear, densely rugose, simple or mostly branched, lateral branches small, 1 to 2 per conidium, often undeveloped and appearing as small protrusions at the septa, 30 to 258 x long and 3.0 to 4.5 ^ broad. Hab. on leaves of Vangueria spinosa, Darbhanga, Bihar, , leg. J. N. Mishr a' (Type)... Maculae flavescentes vel obscure rubro-brunneae, orbiculares vel angulosae, postea excidentes et folia foraminibus perforala immutantes. Mycelium intercellulare, hypostromata pseudoparenchymatica, ca. 18 u diam. metientia e stomatibus prominula efficiens; conidiophora ex hypostromate oriunda, pallide luteo-brunnea, basin versus 1 2-septata, simplicia, recta vel varie curvula, leves ^ longa, 3 5 ^ lata. Conidia acrogena, 1 12-septata, obclavata vel linearia, dense rugulosa, minora simplicia, majora plerumque papillis vel ramis 1 2 lateralibus minutis, praedita, JX ^ ^.! The genus is closely related to Cercospora but differs from it in the character of conidia. In Cercospora the conidia are hyaline or subhyaline and smooth and not deep coloured with dense rugose walls as in Biharia. In Ihe character of sculpturing of the conidia there is some resemblance with Heterosporium, but in this genus the spores are phragmospores and not scolecospores as in Biharia. Further the branching of conidia are not known in Heterosporium,. The branching character of conidia is typical of the genera like Ramulispora, Titaeospora and others, but the conidia in these are hyaline. These considerations warrant the allocation of a separate genus for the accomodation of the fungus.! 2. C e r c o s p o r a c o r c h o r i Petrak & Ciferri, Katihar, Bihar, on Corchorus olitorius leg. B. P. G h a k r a v a r t i. 3. Cercospora hib is c i Tracy & Earle on Hibiscus rosasinensis Pusa, Bihar, leg. G. P. S i n g h. 4. Cercospora subsessilis Syd. on the leaves of Azedarichla indica, Motihari, Bihar, leg. G. P. S i n g h. 5. Cercospora solani-tuberosi Thirumalachar on leaf and stem of Solarium luberosum, Patna, Bihar, leg. M. J. T h i r u- m a 1 a c h a r. 6. Helminthosporium ravenelii Berk & Gurt, on spikelets of Eragrostis sp. and Sporobolus diander, Koderma, Bihar, leg. J. N. M i s h r a. This fungus incites the formation of sooty 80

3 coating on the spikelets and has been previously reported from India on Eragroslis sp. only. ^ -. V? ^ 7. Aschersonia papillata Petch infecting Aleyrodid insects infesting leaves of Leucas aspera. Kakolat, Bihar, leg. J. N. M i s h r a. 8. Claviceps micr o c ephala (Wallr.) Tüll. In spikelets of Echinochloa crusgalli, Netarhat, Bihar, leg. J. N. M i s h r a. 9. U s tila g o microchloe Syd. & Butler. In inf lorescence of Microchloa setacea. Kakolat, Bihar, leg. J. N. Mi s hr a U s tila g o reticulata Liro on Polygonum sp. Narkatiaganj, Bihar, leg. G. P. Singh. ;...-:,. :.. ^ = 11. Sphacelotheca inayati (Syd. & Butler) Mundkur & Thirumalachar, in Lloydia XIII: 172, (Syn. Usiilago inayati Syd. & Butler in Ann. Mycol. V: 486, 1907). In ovaries of Iseilema laxum Hack. Parasnath, Bihar, leg. J. N. M i s h r a. 12. Sorosporium paspali McAlp. var. verrucosum Thirumalachar & Pavgi. In inflorescence of Paspalum scrobiculatum L., Netarhat, Bihar, leg. J. N. M i s h r a.. ' 13. Zundelula fimb.ristylidis Thirumalachar & Narsimhan in Sydowia VI. 409, In ovaries of Fimbristylis sp. Patna, Bihar, leg. M. J. Narasimhan.. _. 14. Tilletia apludae Thirumal. & Mishra sp. nov. Sori in ovaries, infection scattered in inflorescence, inconspicuous, concealed by enveloping glumes, becoming evident on rupture of sorus revealing black spore mass. Mature spores (Fig. 8) deep brownish-black to opaque, subglobose to spherical, with a small coloured hyphal appendage which is persistent in some spores, enveloped with a thin hyaline membrane; epispores smooth to mi~ nutely pitted, 16.6 to 22.6 ^ with a mean of 19.8 fx. Sterile ceüs (Fig. 9) sometimes larger than spores, polygonal, sub-hyaline thick-walled, measuring 9 28 jx in diameter. Hab. in ovaries of Apluda aristata L., Parasnath, Bihar, leg. J. N. Mishra. Sori in ovariis, per totam inflorescentiam dispersi, inconspicui, glumis obtecti, tandem sporis ejectis manifeste visibiles. Sporae maturae brunneo-atrae vel opacae, subglobosae vel globosae, interdum appendicula hyphali, minuta, colorata praeditae, membrana tenui hyalina indutae, episporio levi vel minute foveolato, , plerumque 19.8 jx diam., cellulae steriles sporis interdum majores, polygonales, subhyalinae, crassis parietibus praeditae, 9 28 ^ diam. Tilletia apludae differs from other Tilletia species known so far. The small hyphal appendage attached to the chlamydospores gives the indication that it may be a species of Neovossia which can be confirmed only after the germination studies. The presence 6 Sydowia, Vol. VII No. 1/4 / 81

4 or absence of hyphal appendage to determine species of Neovossia cannot be extended too far, since in some species like N. horrida (Takah.) Padwick & Azmatullah the appendages are lacking. Previously Sphacelotheca apludae Pavgi & Mundkur has been reported on this host species in India. 15. T ille tia eleusines Syd. on Dactylotaenium aegypticum, Islampur, Bihar, leg. B. P. Ghakravarti. 16. Tilletia themedicola Mishra & Thirumalachar sp. nov. Spori in ovaries (Fig. 5), affecting only few spikelets in the inflorescence (Fig. 4); infected ovaries enlarged, bullate, greyishbrown, 8 to 12 mm. long and 2 to 4 mm. broad, protruding out of the glumes and covered by a thick coriaceous membrane which ruptures at apex releasing dark spore mass. Mature spores (Fig. 6) reddish-brown, subglobose to spherical, 22.5 to 30.5 ^ in diameter with a mean of 23.5 p,; epispore 1.5 (j, thick, covered by hyaline curved scale-like processes. Sterile cells (Fig. 7) numerous, thickwalled, hyaline, \i in diameter with a mean of 15 jx. Hab. in ovaries of Themeda quadrivalvis Kuntz., Parasnath, Bihar, leg. J. N. Mishra. Sori in ovariis, nonnullas tantum spiculas inflorescentiae occupantes; ovaria infecta majora, bullata, griseo-brunnea 8 12 mm. longa, 2 4 mm lata, e glumis prominula, membrana coriacea crassa, superne disrumpente inclusa; sporae maturae rubro-brunneae, subglobosae vel globosae, \i, plerumque 23.3 fx diam.; episporio 1.5 n crasso, verruculis hyalinis, squamiformibus ornatae; celluiae steriles numerosae, crassis parietibus praeditae, hyalinae, \i plerumque 15 \i diam. The smut differs from other species of Tilletia so far known on members of Andropogoneae. Previously only species of Sphacelotheca have been recorded on the host genus Themeda. 17. Nar as imhania alis matis Pavgi & Tnirumalachar. Sydowia VI. 390 (1952). On leaves of Alisma reniformis D. Don, Ranchi Road, Bihar, leg. M. J. Thirumalachar. > 18. Entyloma oryzae Syd. On leaves of Oryza sativa, Patna, Bihar, leg. M. J. T h i r u m a 1 a c h a r. 19. Das tur ella divina (Syd.) Mundkur & Kheswala. On leaves of Dendroclamus strictus, Parasnath, Bihar, leg. J. N. Mishra. 20. Ravenelia hob s oni Gke. On leaves of Pongamia glabra, Darbhanga, Bihar, leg. G. P. S i n g h. 21. Rav en elia ornata Syd. On leaves oi' a Abvus pulchellus, Parasnath, Bihar, leg. J. N. M i s h r a. 22. Uromyces hob s oni Vize. On leaves and stems of Jasminum grandiflorum, Netarhat, Bihar, leg. J. N. Mishra. 82

5 Sydowia, Annal. Mycol. Ser. II. Vol. VII Plate IV

6 23. A Ib n g o ev olvuli (Damle) Safee & Thirumalachar. var. merremiae Safee & Thirumalachar, inciting systemic infection oi" shoots of Merremia emarginata, Bariarpur, Bihar, leg. J. N. Mishr.i. 24. Physoderma nelumbii Mishra & Thirumalachar sp. nov. Inciting formation of pale yellow patches with freying of tissues on lower surface. Khizomycelium tenuous, fine and mconspicuous. resting sporangia (Figs. 10 and 11) intracellular, few, 1 to 3 in ea'ch cell, reddish-brown, with smooth exospore, ovate to spherical, flattened on one side, 16 21JA long, and 1 18 (x broad (mean 19 # 15 p). Germination unknown. Hab. on leaves of Nelumbium speciosum Willd., Pavapuri, Bihar, , leg. J. N. M i s h r a. Maculae hypophyllae, pallide lut&ae; rhizomycelium tenue et inconspicuum. Sporangia intracellularia, pauca, 1 3 in quaque cellula, rubro-brunnea, exosporio levi, ovata vel sphaerica in uno latere applanata, \i longa, [x lata, plerumque 19^15 ^; germinatio ignota. This adds another maculicolous Physoderma species on water plant. The Symptoms incited by the fungus are similar to those of P. maculare Wallr., but the spores are smaller in the species under study than in P. maculare on Alisma. No species of Physoderma has previously been reported on Nympheaceae. 25. P hy s o d er ma m ay dis Miyabe on leaves of Zea mays, Daltonganj, Bihar, leg. J. N. Mishra. 26. Synchyirium c ollap sum Syd. on leaves of Clerodendron inforlunatum, Sabour, Bihar, leg. G. P. S i n g h. Explanation of plate IV Biharia vangueriae. 1. Hypostroma X 1000 with conidiophores X Conidia x Spikelet of Themeda quadrivalvis, nat. size, with an infected ovary. 5. An erlarged infected ovary x A fertile chlamydospore of Tületia themedicola x A sterile chlamydospore of T. themedicola x A fertile chlamydospore of T. apludae x , A sterile chlamydospore of T. apludae x Cells of the leaf of Nelumbium speciosum witli resting sporangia of Physoderma nelumbii x Resting sporangia of P. nelumbii X s,../;. \ 6* ; 83