EMG Laws by State. needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Medicine.

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1 EMG Laws by State Disclaimer: These laws are up-to-date as of 5/30/14. State medical boards may have published opinions on who is authorized to perform Needle EMGs; however, oftentimes the state board of chiropractors and/or physical therapists have a conflicting published opinion. None of the opinions carry the weight of the law. Alabama: Needle Electromyography is not discussed in the laws governing chiropractors or physical therapists. For chiropractors, see The Code of Alabama , for physical therapists see AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Alaska: Needle Electromyography is not discussed in the laws governing physical therapists, see Alaska Statute Needle Electromyography is not expressly addressed in the laws governing chiropractors; however, expressly forbids chiropractors from performing needle acupuncture and also forbids them from performing surgery (the definition can be found in Alaska Regulation 12 AAC specifically, (2)(A) means the use of a scalpel, sharp cutting instrument, laser, electrical current, or other device to incise ). Therefore, an argument can be made that chiropractors are forbidden to perform a needle EMG. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Arizona: Needle Electromyography is not discussed in the laws governing chiropractors or physical therapists. For chiropractors, see Arizona Revised Statute , for physical therapists, see (12). AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Arkansas: Needle Electromyography is not discussed in the laws governing physical therapists, see A.S.A, (7). Needle Electromyography is not expressly addressed in the laws governing chiropractors; however, A.S.A (6)(B) forbids chiropractors from puncturing the skin for the purpose of introducing any substance into the body. Therefore, an argument can be made that chiropractors are forbidden to perform a needle EMG. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX California: Needle Electromyography is not expressly addressed in the laws governing chiropractors; however, California Code of Regulations, Division 4, Article 1, 302(a)(4)(A) states that a chiropractor is not authorized, to practice surgery or to sever or penetrate tissues of human beings. Therefore, an argument can be made that chiropractors are forbidden to perform a needle EMG. Physical therapists are permitted to perform a needle EMG but cannot make a diagnostic interpretation, see California Business & Professions Code Chapter 5.7, Article 2, : A physical therapist may, upon specified authorization of a physician and surgeon, perform tissue penetration for the purpose of evaluating neuromuscular performance as a part of the practice of physical therapy, as defined in Section 2620, provided the physical therapist is certified by the board to perform the tissue penetration and

2 evaluation and provided the physical therapist does not develop or make diagnostic or prognostic interpretations of the data obtained. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Colorado: Needle Electromyography is not expressly addressed in the laws governing physical therapists; however, Colorado Revised Statute, Title 12, Article 41, (1)(a) forbids physical therapists from performing the practice of medicine and (1)(b) forbids them the Use of roentegen rays and radioactive materials for therapeutic purposes; the use of electricity for surgical purposes or lifesaving measures; or the diagnosis of disease. Therefore, an argument can be made that physical therapists are forbidden to perform a needle EMG. Chiropractors are authorized to perform a needle EMG so long as they have completed 120 hours of initial clinical and didactic training with demonstrated competency in electromyography (paraspinal surface electromyography excluded), see 3 Code of Colorado Regulations, Chapter 3, 707-1, Rule 7(B). AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Connecticut: Needle Electromyography is not discussed in the laws governing chiropractors or physical therapists. For chiropractors, see Connecticut General Statutes Chapter 372, & 20-28, for physical therapists, see AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Delaware: Needle Electromyography is not discussed in the laws governing chiropractors or physical therapists. However, the statute covering physical therapists expressly forbids physical therapists from making a medical diagnosis. Therefore, even if a physical therapist did perform a needle EMG, he/she would not be permitted to make a diagnosis. For chiropractors, see Delaware Code, Title 24, Chapter 7, 701; for physical therapists, see Delaware Code, Title 24, Chapter 24, AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX District of Columbia: Physical therapists are not permitted to perform Needle Electromyography, see District of Columbia Municipal Regulation, Title 17, 6799, which permits physical therapists to perform, noninvasive tests of neuromuscular functions as an aid to the detection or treatment of any human condition. Therefore, an argument can be made that, because needle EMGs are invasive, physical therapists are not permitted to perform needle EMG. Needle Electromyography is not expressly addressed in the laws governing chiropractors; however, District of Columbia Municipal Regulation, Title 17, 4811(a)(3) states that chiropractors are permitted to diagnose subluxated vertebrae, by employing other non-invasive procedures such as MRI and CAT scan. Therefore, an argument can be made that chiropractors are not permitted to perform an invasive test such as a needle EMG. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Florida: Florida Statutes, Title XXXII, Chapter 486, (11) expressly permits the performance of electromyography by physical therapists stating Practice of physical therapy means the performance

3 of electromyography as an aid to the diagnosis of any human condition only upon compliance with the criteria set forth by the Board of Medicine, Florida Physical Therapy Practice Rule 64B states (1) Before a physical therapist may perform electromyography as an aid to the diagnosis of any human condition, he must be trained and competent in: (a) Inserting and adjusting electrodes. (b) Reading and identifying normal and abnormal signals on the grid. (c) Interpreting the audible signals. (2) In addition to the requirements of subsection (1) a physical therapist must receive no less than the following formal education within an accredited post-secondary educational institution: (a) Human dissection. (b) Human physiology. (c) Neurology. Needle Electromyography is not expressly addressed in the laws governing chiropractors; however, Florida Statutes, Chapter 460, (9)(b) allows chiropractors to diagnoses diseases, by the use of any physical, chemical, electrical, or thermal method. and use any other general method of examination for diagnosis and analysis taught in any school of chiropractic. Therefore, an argument can be made that chiropractors are permitted to perform needle EMGs because it involves electricity and is taught in some chiropractic schools. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Georgia: Needle Electromyography is not expressly addressed in the laws governing chiropractors; however, the 2010 Georgia Code, Title 43, Chapter 9, (f) states, Chiropractors shall not use venipuncture, capillary puncture, acupuncture, or any other technique which is invasive of the human body either by penetrating the skin or through any of the orifices of the body Therefore, an argument can be made that chiropractors are not permitted to perform needle EMGs. Needle Electromyography is not expressly addressed in the laws governing physical therapists, see 2010 Georgia Code, Title 43, Chapter 33, (7). AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Hawaii: Needle Electromyography is not discussed in the laws governing chiropractors, see Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 16, Chapter 76, (3) and (5); Hawaii Revised Statutes, Title 25, Chapter 442. Physical therapists are forbidden from performing invasive procedures, defined as, the breaking or puncturing of a person s good skin integrity, for example, through surgery or injections. Therefore an argument can be made that physical therapists are not allowed to preform needle EMG because it involves breaking the skin Hawaii Revised Statutes, Title 25, 461J-2.5. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Idaho: Needle Electromyography is not discussed in the laws governing chiropractors, see Idaho Statute, Title 54, Chapter 7, Physical therapists are not permitted to perform needle EMGs. See Idaho Administrative Code Chapter 24, Section 13. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX

4 Illinois: Needle Electromyography is not explicitly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors or physical therapists. For chiropractors, see 225 Illinois Compiled Statute 60/2. For physical therapists, see 225 Illinois Compiled Statute 90. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Indiana: Chiropractors are expressly prohibited from performing Needle Electromyography. See Indiana Code (1)(C) However, chiropractic does not include (C) Penetration of the skin with a needle or other instrument for any purpose except for the purpose of blood analysis. Needle Electromyography is not discussed in the laws governing physical therapists, see Indiana Code AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Iowa: Needle Electromyography is not discussed in the laws governing chiropractors or physical therapists. For chiropractors, see Iowa Code 151.1; for physical therapists see Iowa Code 148A, Administrative Rule AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Kansas: Needle Electromyography is not discussed in the laws governing physical therapists or chiropractors. For physical therapists, see Kansas Statutes Annotated ; for chiropractors, see Kansas Statutes Annotated AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Kentucky: Physical therapists are permitted to perform subcutaneous bioelectrical potentials. However, they may not make a diagnosis they may only use the test, in aid of diagnosis by a licensed doctor of medicine. See Kentucky Revised Statute The Kentucky Board of Physical Therapy has interpreted that phrase to mean physical therapists are permitted to perform needle EMG. Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors; however, chiropractors are prohibited from treating by use or x-ray or radiological methods and from treating by use of acupuncture, see Kentucky Statute Therefore, arguably, they are prohibited from performing a needle EMG. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Louisiana: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors or physical therapists. For chiropractors, see Louisiana Revised Statute Chapter 37, 2801(3); for physical therapists, see Louisiana Revised Statute Chapter 37, 2407(5). AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Maine: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors or physical therapists. For chiropractors, see Maine Revised Statutes, Title 32, Chapter 9, Subchapter 1, 451; for physical therapists, see Maine Revised Statutes, Title 32, Chapter 45-A, 3111-A. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX

5 Maryland: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors, see Annotated Code of Maryland 3-101; however, according to the Maryland Chiropractic Practice Guide (pages 5-7), chiropractors are expressly allowed to perform needle EMGs. Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing physical therapists, see Annotated Code of Maryland AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Massachusetts: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors, see Massachusetts General Laws Part I, Title XVI, Chapter 112, 89; however, the Massachusetts Board of Chiropractors has rules that chiropractors are allowed to perform electrodiagnostic studies so long as they have the proper training (see Rule 4.01(b)). Needle Electromyography is also not expressly discussed in the laws governing physical therapists; however, physical therapists are permitted to use electricity in treatment and are allowed to performance and interpretation of tests as an aid to the diagnosis or planning of treatment programs, see Massachusetts General Laws Part I, Title XVI, Chapter 112, 23A. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Michigan: Chiropractors are prohibited from performing Needle Electromyography, see Michigan Compiled Laws (2)(a). Physical therapists are expressly forbidden to perform needle EMGs, unless they are one of the three that were grandfathered in 2006, see Michigan Compiled Laws These laws are the direct result of AANEM s advocacy efforts. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Minnesota: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors; however, chiropractors are only permitted to perform noninvasive means of clinical, physical, and laboratory measures and analytical x-ray of the bones of the skeleton Therefore, arguably, they cannot perform an invasive procedure, such as a needle EMG, see Minnesota Statutes Annotated Needle Electromyography is also not expressly discussed in the laws governing physical therapists; however, physical therapists are not permitted to make a medical diagnosis. Therefore, even if they did perform a needle EMG, they would not be permitted to make any diagnosis based on the findings, see Minnesota Statutes Annotated AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Mississippi: Chiropractors are not allowed to penetrate the skin and, thus, are not permitted to perform a Needle Electromyography. See Mississippi Code of 1972, (5). Physical Therapists are permitted to perform needle EMGs so long as they are certified in electromyography by the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialists (ABPTS). Mississippi Rules & Regulations Title 30 Professions and Occupations Part 3101 Rule 1.3(6)(a). AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX

6 Missouri: Physical therapists are permitted to perform Needle Electromyography by statute; however, for physical therapists, see Missouri Revised Statutes (4) which states Physical therapists may perform electromyography and nerve conduction tests but may not interpret the results of the electromyography or nerve conduction test. For chiropractors, Missouri Revised Statutes does not discuss needle electromyography, however, Missouri Code of State Regulations 20 CSR (2)(A)(1) does state that electromyography can be used during the physical examination. It does not clarify whether this is needle or surface. ; AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Montana: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors or physical therapists. For chiropractors, see Montana Code Annotated ; for physical therapists, see Montana Code Annotated and AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Nebraska: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors. See Nebraska Chiropractic Practice Act Physical therapists are allowed to do testing which includes surface electromyography and, subject to approval of the Board, fine wire electromyography. Testing excludes diagnostic needle electromyography. see Nebraska Administrative Code Physical therapists can do fine wire electromyography under rules defined in Nebraska Administrative Code AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Nevada: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors or physical therapists. For chiropractors, see Nevada Revised Statutes ; for physical therapists, see Nevada Revised Statutes AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX New Hampshire: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors or physical therapists. For chiropractors, see New Hampshire General Laws 316-A:1; for physical therapists, see New Hampshire General Laws 328-A:2, 328-A:9. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX New Jersey: Chiropractors and physicals therapists are expressly prohibited from performing Needle Electromyography. For chiropractors, see New Jersey Statute 45: and New Jersey Administrative Code 13:44E-1.1(c)(4); for physical therapists, see New Jersey Statute 45: and New Jersey Administrative Code 13:39A-2.1. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX New Mexico: Some chiropractors are permitted to perform Needle ElectromyographyNew Mexico Statutes Annotated states that certified advanced chiropractic physicians can perform any necessary diagnostic procedures, excluding invasive procedures, except as provided by the board by rule. The New Mexico Administrative Code states chiropractic physicians who are trained in

7 a course of doctoral or post-doctoral studies certified with an accredited institution recognized by the board are authorized to perform surface or needle EMG. The ability to perform needle EMG would depend if the chiropractor had training in EMG in a doctoral or post doctoral setting. Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing physical therapists, see New Mexico Statutes Annotated 61-12D-3(I). AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX New York: Chiropractors are not expressly permitted to perform Needle Electromyography by New York law, see New York Education Law However under the Find Answers section of the New York Office of the Professions State Education Department an answer to Electrodiagnostic Testing states that chiropractors may conduct and interpret electrodiagnostic testing appropriate to the practice of chiropractic, which includes but is not limited to Doppler ultrasound, somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), nerve conduction velocity (NCV) studies, electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), surface and needle electromyography (EMG), electronystagmography (ENG) and auditory brainstem testing. Such testing may be conducted for the purpose of diagnosing "nerve interference and the effects thereof" resulting from or related to "distortion, misalignment or subluxation of or in the vertebral column."(emphasis added). Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing physical therapists, see New York Education Law AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX What types of electrodiagnostic testing are appropriate to the practice of chiropractic? North Carolina: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors, see North Carolina General Statutes and or physical therapists, see North Carolina General Statutes (4); North Carolina Administrative Code 48C.0101 ; however, the Guidelines for the Practice of Chiropractic in North Carolina do permit chiropractors to perform electrodiagnostic studies (see I. Scope of Practice, section C) and a Position Statement on EMG & Nerve Conduction Studies by the North Carolina Board of Physical Therapy Examiners states that physical therapists may perform EMGs but may not make a medical diagnosis based on the results. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX North Dakota: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors or physical therapists. For chiropractors, see North Dakota Code ; for physical therapists, see North Dakota Code (9). AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Ohio: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors, see Ohio Revised Code and Ohio Administrative Code or physical therapists, see Ohio Revised Code ; however, the State Medical Board of Ohio, in its Policy Statement on Electromyography, rules that needle electromyography is the practice of medicine and may not be

8 performed by nonphysicians. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Oklahoma: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors or physical therapists. For chiropractors, see Oklahoma Chiropractic Act Statute and Rule 140:1-1-2; for physical therapists, Oklahoma Physical Therapy Practice Act, Title 59 O.S. Statute AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Oregon: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors, see Oregon Revised Statutes ; however, the Oregon Board of Chiropractic Examiner s Guide to Policy & Practice permits chiropractors to perform surface EMGs, but the results must be interpreted by a physician. Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing physical therapists, see Oregon Revised Statutes (6) and Oregon Administrative Rule (8). AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Pennsylvania: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors. see Pennsylvania Statute Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in Pennsylvania s Pennsylvania Physical Therapy Practice Act; however, according to Pennsylvania Administrative Code 40.51, physical therapists are permitted to perform EMGs only upon the referral of a physician and they may not make a diagnosis, but they are permitted to prepare a statement of their impression. (emphasis added) AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Rhode Island: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors, see Rhode Island General Laws or physical therapists, see Rhode Island General Laws (7). AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX South Carolina: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors, see South Carolina Code of Laws and South Carolina Code of Regulations 25-5(4)) or physical therapists, see South Carolina Code of Laws (9). AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX South Dakota: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors, see South Dakota Codified Law or physical therapists, see South Dakota Codified Law AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Tennessee: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors. See Tennessee Code Annotated Physical therapists are permitted to perform Needle Electromyography if they have ABPTS certification. See Tennessee General Rules and

9 AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Texas: Chiropractors are prohibited from performing Needle Electromyography. See Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners v. Texas Medical Assn. (April 5, 2012), Texas Occupations Code Title 3, Subtitle C, and Texas Administrative Code Title 22, Part Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing physical therapists, see Texas Occupations Code Title 3, Subtitle H However, physical therapists are expressly prohibited from diagnosing diseases or practicing medicine therefore an argument can be made that they are not permitted to perform needle EMG. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Utah: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors; however, chiropractors are not allowed to perform incisive surgery which is defined as any procedure having the power or quality of cutting of a patient for the purpose of treating disease, injury, or deformity. Therefore, arguably, they cannot use a needle to perform an EMG, see Utah Code (3)(a) and (7). Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing physical therapists; however, physical therapists are not permitted to diagnose disease. Therefore, if a physical therapist were to perform an EMG, he/she is not permitted to make a diagnosis based on the findings, see Utah Code 58-24b-102(b)(i). AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Vermont: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors or physical therapists. For chiropractors, see Vermont Statutes Annotated Title 26, Chapter ; for physical therapists, see Vermont Statutes Annotated Title 26, Chapter a(8). AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Virginia: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors. See Code of Virginia Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing physical therapists, see Code of Virginia, Chapter 34.1, ; however, according to the Virginia Board of Physical Therapy Guidance document , physical therapists are allowed to perform needle EMGs so long as the test is ordered by a physician and the physical therapist has specialized, postprofessional preparation and training. (emphasis added) AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Washington: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors; however, chiropractors are not permitted to perform procedures involving the application of sound, diathermy, or electricity. Therefore, arguably, they are not permitted to perform a needle EMG, see R.C.A (2). Physical therapists are permitted to perform needle EMGs only upon referral from an authorized health care practitioner (as defined in R.C.W ) and only upon demonstration of further education and training in electroneuromyographic examinations, emphasis

10 added) see R.C.A (4). AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX West Virginia: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors. See West Virginia Code (4). Physical therapists are permitted to perform needle EMGs but only under the supervision of a physician electromyographer and electrodiagnostician. See West Virginia Code (1). AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Wisconsin: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors (see Wisconsin Statute (2)); however, they are not permitted to perform acupuncture by needle insertion. Therefore, an argument can be made that they are also not permitted to perform a needle EMG. See Wisconsin Administrative Code Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing physical therapists, see Wisconsin Statute ; however, they are not permitted to make a medical diagnosis and the practice of medicine and surgery includes penetrate, pierce or sever the tissues of a human being. Therefore, arguably, physical therapists are not permitted to perform a needle EMG, see Wisconsin Statute AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX Wyoming: Needle Electromyography is not expressly discussed in the laws governing chiropractors, see Wyoming Statute or physical therapists, see Wyoming Statute (a)(i); however physical therapists are not permitted to make a medical diagnosis or diagnosis a disease, see Wyoming Statute (c)(xi) therefore, arguably, physical therapists are not permitted to perform a needle EMG. AANEM's opinion regarding the performance of needle EMGs and NCSs can be found in its position statement Who is Qualified to Practice EDX