Cutolo M. Rheumatoid arthritis: circadian and circannual rhythms in RA. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2011;7:500 2.

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1 Pocket Primer References Chapter 2 Key references* Cutolo M. Rheumatoid arthritis: circadian and circannual rhythms in RA. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2011;7: Cutolo M, Otsa K, Uprus M, et al. Vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2007a;7: Cutolo M, Straub RH, Bijlsma JW. Neuroendocrine-immune interactions in synovitis. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 2007b;3: Cutolo M, Sulli A, Straub RH. Estrogen metabolism and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2012;11:A Geenen R, Newman S, Bossema ER, et al. Psychological interventions for patients with rheumatic diseases and anxiety or depression. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2012;26: Neumann E, Frommer KW, Vasile M, et al. Adipocytokines as driving forces in rheumatoid arthritis and related inflammatory diseases? Arthritis Rheum 2011;63: Pongratz G, Straub RH. Role of peripheral nerve fibres in acute and chronic inflammation in arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2013;9: Rosas-Ballina M, Tracey KJ. Cholinergic control of inflammation. J Intern Med 2009;265: Schaible HG, Ebersberger A, Natura G. Update on peripheral mechanisms of pain: beyond prostaglandins and cytokines. Arthritis Res Ther 2011;13:210. Straub RH. Complexity of the bi-directional neuroimmune junction in the spleen. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2004;25: Straub RH. The complex role of estrogens in inflammation. Endocr Rev 2007;28: Straub RH. Evolutionary medicine and chronic inflammatory state known and new concepts in pathophysiology. J Mol Med 2012;90: Straub RH, Günzler C, Miller LE, et al. Anti-inflammatory cooperativity of corticosteroids and norepinephrine in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue in vivo and in vitro. FASEB J 2002;16:

2 Straub RH, Bijlsma JW, Masi A, et al. Role of neuroendocrine and neuroimmune mechanisms in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases the 10-year update. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013;43: Weidler C, Holzer C, Harbuz M, et al. Low density of sympathetic nerve fibres and increased density of brain derived neurotrophic factor positive cells in RA synovium. Ann Rheum Dis 2005;64: References Arvidson NG, Gudbjornsson B, Larsson A, et al. The timing of glucocorticoid administration in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1997;56: Baerwald CG, Panayi GS, Lanchbury JS. Corticotropin releasing hormone promoter region polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1997;24: Boyle DL, Jones TL, Hammaker D, et al. Regulation of peripheral inflammation by spinal p38 MAP kinase in rats. PLoS Med 2006;3:e338. Busch-Dienstfertig M, Stein C. Opioid receptors and opioid peptide-producing leukocytes in inflammatory pain-basic and therapeutic aspects. Brain Behav Immun 2010;24: Buttgereit F, Doering G, Schaeffler A, et al. Efficacy of modified-release versus standard prednisone to reduce duration of morning stiffness of the joints in rheumatoid arthritis (CAPRA-1): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008;371: Carlens C, Brandt L, Klareskog L, et al. The inflammatory reflex and risk for rheumatoid arthritis: a case control study of human vagotomy. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66: Castagnetta LA, Carruba G, Granata OM, et al. Increased estrogen formation and estrogen to androgen ratio in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2003;30: *Cutolo M, Otsa K, Uprus M, et al. Vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2007a;7: Cutolo M, Pizzorni C, Sulli A. Vitamin D endocrine system involvement in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2011;11:84 7. *Cutolo M, Straub RH, Bijlsma JW. Neuroendocrine-immune interactions in synovitis. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 2007b;3: *Cutolo M, Sulli A, Straub RH. Estrogen metabolism and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2012;11:A *Cutolo M. Rheumatoid arthritis: circadian and circannual rhythms in RA. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2011;7: Cutolo M. Glucocorticoids and chronotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open. 2016;2(1):e

3 Cutolo M, Spies CM, Buttgereit F et al. The supplementary therapeutic DMARD role of low-dose glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16 Suppl 2:S1 Dekkers JC, Geenen R, Godaert GL, et al. Experimentally challenged reactivity of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis in patients with recently diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2001;28: Delgado M, Ganea D. Vasoactive intestinal peptide: a neuropeptide with pleiotropic immune functions. Amino Acids 2013;45: Dulos J, van der Vleuten MA, Kavelaars A, et al. CYP7B expression and activity in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis: regulation by proinflammatory cytokines. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52: *Geenen R, Newman S, Bossema ER, et al. Psychological interventions for patients with rheumatic diseases and anxiety or depression. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2012;26: Grimaldi CM, Michael DJ, Diamond B. Cutting edge: expansion and activation of a population of autoreactive marginal zone B cells in a model of estrogen-induced lupus. J Immunol 2001;167: Hardy RS, Filer A, Cooper MS, et al. Differential expression, function and response to inflammatory stimuli of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in human fibroblasts: a mechanism for tissuespecific regulation of inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther 2006;8:R108. Härle P, Möbius D, Carr DJ, et al. An opposing time-dependent immune-modulating effect of the sympathetic nervous system conferred by altering the cytokine profile in the local lymph nodes and spleen of mice with type II collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52: Hench, Nobel Lecture, December, (accessed 30 Sept 2014). Labrie F. Intracrinology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1991;78:C Maestroni GJ. The immunotherapeutic potential of melatonin. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2001;10: Maestroni GJ, Otsa K, Cutolo M. Melatonin treatment does not improve rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008;65: Masi AT. Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis: do the observed age-sex interaction patterns support a role of androgenic-anabolic steroid deficiency in its pathogenesis? Br J Rheumatol 1994;33: Masi AT, Aldag JC, Jacobs JW. Rheumatoid arthritis: neuroendocrine immune integrated physiopathogenetic perspectives and therapy. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2005;31: Mastorakos G, Chrousos GP, Weber JS. Recombinant interleukin-6 activates the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;77:

4 Nast A. Cholinergic innervation of leukocytes [thesis]. Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, *Neumann E, Frommer KW, Vasile M, et al. Adipocytokines as driving forces in rheumatoid arthritis and related inflammatory diseases? Arthritis Rheum 2011;63: Pincus T, Cutolo M. Clinical trials documenting the efficacy of low-dose glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2015;22(1-2):46-50 *Pongratz G, Straub RH. Role of peripheral nerve fibres in acute and chronic inflammation in arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2013;9: *Rosas-Ballina M, Tracey KJ. Cholinergic control of inflammation. J Intern Med 2009;265: *Schaible HG, Ebersberger A, Natura G. Update on peripheral mechanisms of pain: beyond prostaglandins and cytokines. Arthritis Res Ther 2011;13:210. Schmidt M, Hartung R, Capellino S, et al. Estrone/17beta-estradiol conversion to, and tumor necrosis factor inhibition by, estrogen metabolites in synovial cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and patients with osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2009;60: Schmidt M, Weidler C, Naumann H, et al. Reduced capacity for the reactivation of glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells: possible role of the sympathetic nervous system? Arthritis Rheum 2005;52: Spath-Schwalbe E, Hansen K, Schmidt F, et al. Acute effects of recombinant human interleukin-6 on endocrine and central nervous sleep functions in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1998;83: Stark K, Schmidt M, Rovensky J, et al. Influence of CYB5A gene variants on risk of rheumatoid arthritis and local endocrine function in the joint. Brain Behav Immun 2013;29(Suppl):S Stark K, Straub RH, Blazickova S, et al. Genetics in neuroendocrine immunology: implications for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2010;1193: *Straub RH, Bijlsma JW, Masi A, et al. Role of neuroendocrine and neuroimmune mechanisms in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases the 10-year update. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013;43: *Straub RH, Günzler C, Miller LE, et al. Anti-inflammatory cooperativity of corticosteroids and norepinephrine in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue in vivo and in vitro. FASEB J 2002;16: Straub RH, Härle P, Sarzi-Puttini P, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-neutralizing therapies improve altered hormone axes: an alternative mode of anti-inflammatory action. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54: *Straub RH. Complexity of the bi-directional neuroimmune junction in the spleen. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2004;25:640 6.

5 *Straub RH. Evolutionary medicine and chronic inflammatory state known and new concepts in pathophysiology. J Mol Med 2012;90: *Straub RH. The complex role of estrogens in inflammation. Endocr Rev 2007;28: Strehl C, Bijlsma JW, de Wit M et al. Defining conditions where long-term glucocorticoid treatment has an acceptably low level of harm to facilitate implementation of existing recommendations: viewpoints from an EULAR task force. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75: Tengstrand B, Carlstrom K, Fellander-Tsai L, et al. Abnormal levels of serum dehydroepiandrosterone, estrone, and estradiol in men with rheumatoid arthritis: high correlation between serum estradiol and current degree of inflammation. J Rheumatol 2003;30: Uhlig T, Kvien TK, Glennås A, et al. The incidence and severity of rheumatoid arthritis, results from a county register in Oslo, Norway. J Rheumatol 1998;25: Weidler C, Härle P, Schedel J, et al. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus have increased renal excretion of mitogenic estrogens in relation to endogenous antiestrogens. J Rheumatol 2004;31: Williams GC. Pleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolution of senescence. Evolution 1957;11:

Arvidson NG, Gudbjornsson B, Larsson A, et al. The timing of glucocorticoid administration in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1997;56:27 31.

Arvidson NG, Gudbjornsson B, Larsson A, et al. The timing of glucocorticoid administration in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1997;56:27 31. Chapter 2 References Arvidson NG, Gudbjornsson B, Larsson A, et al. The timing of glucocorticoid administration in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1997;56:27 31. Baerwald CG, Panayi GS, Lanchbury JS.

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