Corporate Medical Policy. Chiropractic Services

Transcription

1 File name: Chiropractic Services Origination: 07/22/1997 Last Review: 04/2010 Next Review: 04/2012 Effective Date: 07/01/2011 Corporate Medical Policy Chiropractic Services Description The practice of chiropractic means the diagnosis of human ailments and diseases related to subluxations, joint dysfunctions, neuromuscular and skeletal disorders for the purpose of their detection, correction or referral in order to restore and maintain health, including pain relief, without providing drugs or performing surgery; the use of physical and clinical examinations, conventional radiologic procedures and interpretation, as well as the use of diagnostic imaging read and interpreted by a person so licensed, and clinical laboratory procedures to determine the propriety of a regimen of chiropractic care; adjunctive therapies approved by the board, by rule, to be used in conjunction with chiropractic treatment; and treatment by adjustment or manipulation of the spine or other joints and connected neuromusculoskeletal tissues and bodily articulations. Policy Benefits are subject to all terms, limitations and conditions of the subscriber contract. Prior approval is required for the 13 th visit forward per plan year. The Plan covers chiropractic services when they are determined to be medically necessary because the medical criteria and guidelines below are met. Chiropractors must be in the managed care network, for our managed care members, or participating providers for all other lines of business. When service or procedure is covered We cover Acute Care and Supportive Chiropractic Care, including: Office visits, spinal and extraspinal manipulations and associated modalities; Home, hospital, or nursing home visits; or Diagnostic services (e.g., X-rays and laboratory) The Plan covers care by Chiropractors who are: Network providers and/or participate with the Plan; working within the scope of their licenses; and treating members for a neuromusculoskeletal condition (that is, a condition of the bones, joints or muscles. The Plan covers Medically necessary care which means health care services, including diagnostic testing, preventive services and aftercare, that are appropriate, in terms of type, amount, frequency, level, setting, and duration to the member s diagnosis or condition. Medically

2 necessary care must be informed by generally accepted medical or scientific evidence and consistent with generally accepted practice parameters as recognized by health care professionals in the same specialties as typically provide the procedure or treatment, or diagnose or manage the medical condition; must be informed by the unique needs of each individual patient and each presenting situation ; and 1. help restore or maintain the member s health; or 2. prevent deterioration of or palliate the member s condition; or 3. prevent the reasonably likely onset of a health problem or detect an incipient problem. Chiropractic care (as well as traditional medical care and physical therapy) may be considered medically necessary and is normally a covered benefit for acute neuromusculoskeletal conditions that cause significant pain (VAS >2) and interference with routine functional activities of daily living* (ADLs) and/or persist despite basic self care such as non-interventional treatments which may include but are not limited to hot and cold packs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs). Chiropractic care may be considered medically necessary for acute care. Acute care is considered treatment of an illness, injury, or condition, marked by a sudden onset or abrupt change of the member's health status that requires prompt medical attention. Acute care may range from outpatient evaluation and treatment to intensive inpatient care. Acute care is intended to produce measurable improvement or maximum rehabilitative potential within a reasonable and medically predictable period of time, or that is moving the member toward a less restrictive setting. Acute services means services which, according to generally accepted professional standards, are expected to provide or sustain significant, measurable clinical improvement within a reasonable and medically predictable period of time. Chiropractic care may be considered medically necessary and is normally a covered benefit for supportive care. Supportive care is defined as services provided for a known relapsing or recurring condition to prevent an exacerbation of symptoms that would require additional services to restore an individual to his or her usual state of health or to prevent progressive deterioration. Documentation in the medical record must demonstrate that previously when the member reached therapeutic goals he/she could not sustain this improvement and progressively deteriorated when treatment was withdrawn. This pattern must be clearly documented in the medical record with specific notation made as to the required treatment interval. Chiropractic care may be considered medically necessary and is normally a covered benefit for a therapeutic trial in long standing neuromusculoskeletal conditions causing significant pain (VAS>2) and interference with routine functional activities of daily living (ADLs). Continuation of chiropractic care is considered medically necessary until a maximum therapeutic benefit has been reached, when the patient fails to show improvement, or when a pre-injury level of functioning has been reached. Chiropractic physicians should document in clinical records the objective findings and subjective complaints that support the necessity for a chiropractic treatment regimen. A treatment plan should be developed with planned modalities (frequency and duration), measurable and attainable goals (short- and long-term), and anticipated duration of care. There should be a reasonable expectation that the identified goals will be met. Chiropractic care may be considered medically appropriate, but is not a covered benefit for wellness (maintenance) care. Wellness or maintenance care is defined as treatment in the absence of an acute event or a known relapsing or recurring condition that is provided when there are minimal or no current symptoms, and which is designed to promote health, enhance quality of life, or prevent the onset over time of future symptoms or disability. Wellness care is usually provided on a regularly scheduled basis and is elective healthcare that is typically long term, and provided at intervals to prevent disease, prolong life, promote health and enhance the quality of 2

3 life. Evidence in the published, peer-reviewed, scientific literature has not shown that preventive chiropractic services are effective and improve long-term clinical outcomes. Flow sheets are considered a component of the documented record but are not sufficient in or of themselves unless they document or note the duration of treatment (if billing a CPT code for which time is a component only), modality parameters, and total treatment time, settings and if the provider was in constant attendance or not. This information must be included somewhere in the medical record either in the flow sheet, or in the SOAP note, to support both the procedure codes billed and the medical necessity of procedures performed. It is also required that documentation demonstrates the progression and improvement of exercises performed, treatment parameters for each, treatment times performed and the total treatment time for the daily sessions and whether the therapist was one-on-one with the patient. When patients are performing independently on exercise equipment (e.g. treadmills, bikes) and a provider is not in constant attendance for evaluation and instruction the provider should not be billing therapeutic procedures. Laboratory Testing: Conservative management of neuromusculoskeletal conditions does not routinely include the use of laboratory testing. Tests that may be considered medically necessary in the treatment of neuromusculoskeletal conditions are limited to: CPT Electrolyte panel CPT Urinalysis by dip stick or tablet reagent CPT Urinalysis automated, with microscopy CPT Creatine kinase (CK) (CPK); total CPT Complete Blood count (with automated Hgb, Hct, RBC, WBC, & platelet) CPT Sedimentation rate, erythrocyte, non-automated Testing beyond routine screening for neuromuscular conditions is considered outside the scope of chiropractic management and should be referred to the appropriate medical/specialty provider. Diagnostic Imaging: (X-Rays, CT scan, MRI scans, Ultrasound) Diagnostic imaging, which may be used as a screening procedure for some conditions, is used far more often than laboratory procedures (AHCPR, 1997). The need for frequent diagnostic images for purely biomechanical analysis is not well-supported, nor is the need for imaging patients prior to release from care. The decision for radiographic re-examination should be based on patient symptoms, physical findings, and the potential impact of the results of the examination on the treatment plan and on net health outcome. When service or procedure may not be covered We cover no chiropractic services for: Services rendered, without prior approval, above the initial 12 visits per plan year or any subsequent visits authorized, unless a Prior Approval Request is submitted and approved within 3 working days of the first unplanned visit above the current authorized visit limit. Care when there is neither regression nor improvement Care for which there is no therapeutic benefit, palliative effect, prevention of deterioration or prevention of the onset of a neuromusculoskeletal condition(s); Wellness (Maintenance) Care (S8990) Care when there is no clear, measurable progress toward a rehabilitative goal, a less restrictive setting, or other Medically Necessary goal; Care provided as an adjunct to training for athletic, recreational, and occupational activities Services beyond those needed to restore the ability to perform Activities of Daily Living; 3

4 Care for which there is no therapeutic benefit or likelihood of improvement Care, the duration of which is based upon a predetermined length of time rather than the condition of the patient, the results of treatment or the individual s medical progress; Obstetrical procedures including prenatal and postnatal care; Prescription or administration of drugs; Surgery; Supplying/dispensing of medical supplies or durable medical equipment (DME). o NOTE: Chiropractors may prescribe DME The treatment of a mental health condition; Treatment of any visceral condition, that is a dysfunction of the abdominal or thoracic organs, or other condition that are not neuromusculoskeletal in nature; Any other procedure not specifically listed as a covered chiropractic service; Paraspinal Surface Electromyography (SEMG), and Macro Electromyography Thermography, Neurocalometer/Nervoscope Kinesiology Taping Spinoscopy Manipulation under anesthesia Gait analysis is considered investigational Custodial care; Acupuncture; Unattended services/modalities CPT codes (application of a modality that does not require direct one on one patient contact by provider) are not covered as they do not require constant attendance during the modality. CPT code (application of a modality to one or more areas; electrical stimulation, manual, each 15 minutes) should be reported only if the provider is in constant attendance during the electrical stimulation. Use for unattended electrical stimulation. Massage therapy; Services by a provider who is not in network or not participating with the Plan; Care provided but not documented with clear, legible notes indicating patients symptoms, physical findings, physician s assessment, treatment modalities used (billed), date of treatment, and the signature of the treating provider; The following services are considered investigational and not eligible for benefits. Low Level Laser Therapy/cold laser, which is considered investigational Vertebral axial decompression (i.e. DRS System, DRX Systems, DTS, VAX-D Table, Alpha Spina System, Accuspina, Lordex Lumbar Spine System, Internal Disc Decompression (IDD)), distraction table, which are all considered investigational.(s9090 and 97012, 97112, 97530) Thermal massage bed, hydro therapy massage, is considered investigational Craniosacral therapy is considered investigational Therapeutic Magnetic Resonance (TMR), is considered investigational Active Therapeutic movements (ATMs), is considered investigational Whole body vibration therapy, wobble chair, is considered investigational Whole body advance exercise, is considered investigational Oscillating platform therapy, Spineforce, is considered investigational Sensory integration therapy is considered investigational Iontophoresis/phonophoresis is considered a medical delivery system and is not within the scope of practice for chiropractors and is also considered investigational by the Plan. Spinal manipulations and other treatment modalities can be provided manually or with the assistance of mechanical or electrical devices. There will be no additional reimbursement 4

5 for the use of the device or for the device itself. It is considered part of the manipulation and should not be reimbursed separately. Digital radiographic measurement Digital postural analysis SCENAR therapy Lumbar/cervical extension machines (i.e., Med X) Policy Guidelines Twelve visits per plan year for covered chiropractic services are allowed without prior approval. Prior approval not withstanding, visits may be denied based on lack of medical necessity if not supported by the clinical documentation. This would allow for an acute episode requiring several visits, or multiple minor acute episodes requiring lesser care. Chiropractic care may be considered medically necessary and is normally a covered benefit for supportive care (defined as Services provided for a known relapsing or recurring condition to prevent an exacerbation of symptoms which would require additional services to restore an individual to his/her usual state of health or to prevent progressive deterioration). Documentation in the medical record must demonstrate that previously when the member reached therapeutic goals he/she could not sustain this improvement and progressively deteriorated when treatment was withdrawn. This pattern must be clearly documented in the medical record with specific notation made as to the required treatment interval. After 12 visits in a plan year, prior approval is required for additional chiropractic treatment with the same, or a different, chiropractic physician. A request for prior approval must contain the date of the event requiring care, the ICD-9 diagnosis, the VAS pain scale, functional impairment in ADLs, response to treatment, and the prospective treatment plan. If care is transitioning to a different chiropractic physician, due to a lack of response, there must be an explanation of the new treatment plan. The new treating chiropractic physician should request copies of records from prior chiropractic care. Either the Chiropractic Plan of Treatment (CPT) form or detailed clinical notes outlining the proposed care plan may be submitted to medical services for approval. Supporting medical records may be requested if additional information is required for Plan decision-making. If continued chiropractic care is considered medically necessary, up to 6 additional visits will be allowed, after which prior approval will again be required for additional visits. No more than 6 additional visits will be allowed without a clinical update of a member s status. Although prior approval is required for chiropractic care that is over the initial 12 visits in a plan year and after completion of additional visits authorized under a chiropractic plan of treatment, an acute episode may occur at a time when no visits are currently authorized and there is insufficient time to obtain approval prior to treatment. In this setting, one additional visit for medically necessary care may be approved retroactively if the request is made within 3 business days of the visit. This request must specify the date of the additional visit. If further care beyond this visit is medically necessary, approval will be granted up to six visits, including the visit authorized retroactively. Continued chiropractic care may be considered medically necessary as long as there is demonstrable and documented progress toward the achievement of the approved therapeutic goals, which normally will include a reduction of the VAS pain scale to a level of 2 or less, associated with improved function in routine activities of daily living. After treatment of an acute injury, care required to establish or reestablish capabilities over and above routine activities of daily living required for specific occupational, hobbies, sports, leisure and recreational activities are not covered benefits by the Plan. Once the approved therapeutic goal has been achieved, continued care may be appropriate and beneficial, but is not considered medically necessary. Members may choose to continue care at their own expense. 5

6 Following previous successful treatment with chiropractic care, the Plan covers chiropractic manipulation and adjunct therapeutic procedures/modalities as medically necessary for an acute exacerbation or re-injury when ALL of the following criteria are met: the individual reached maximal therapeutic benefit with prior chiropractic treatment; the individual was compliant with a self-directed home care program; significant therapeutic improvement is expected with continued treatment; However, if there are more than two exacerbations during an episode of care, additional chiropractic care will not be authorized without a clear explanation of the cause or consultation with another chiropractic physician or an allopathic or osteopathic physician with the training and experience appropriate for the member s condition. If there has not been an exacerbation of symptoms and VAS does not show continued improvement over a course of therapy, chiropractic care will be considered unsuccessful and additional therapy will not be authorized without consultation with a second chiropractic physician or an allopathic or osteopathic physician of the appropriate specialty for the member s condition. Members may pay, at their own expense, for wellness/preventative chiropractic care; care designed to prepare them for specific occupational, hobbies, sports, and leisure & recreational activities in addition to any other non-covered services such as acupuncture or massage therapy. A self-pay agreement must be entered into prior to rendering these services and must be maintained as part of the medical record. Maintenance/Wellness Care/Therapy should be reported under procedure HCPCS code S8990 (physical or manipulative therapy performed for maintenance rather than restorative). The medical benefit under chiropractic care and physical therapy is designed to alleviate pain and/or correct a functional impairment, and to build endurance for activities to a level that would constitute functional activities of daily living. Once the ability to perform basic functional activities of daily living is achieved, additional treatment for performance enhancement to restore the ability to lift specific weights; to walk or run greater distances or more rapidly; or to engage in sporting activities is not considered medically necessary. In this setting, the services of a physical therapist, occupational therapist, athletic trainer, or chiropractic physician may still be desirable to enhance performance. In this case, the member should be advised that such services are not covered under the Plan and that further services in this regard require a self-pay agreement. Documentation to this effect must be entered in the medical record to avoid the hold harmless clause of contracted Plan providers. A waiver providing specific details of services and member liability must be secured and placed into the member medical record prior to services being rendered. Constant Attendance Procedures/Modalities When documentation supports constant attendance therapeutic procedures or modalities (i.e , 97112) are being performed, documentation of time is required. The amount of time versus the appropriate number of units to bill is as follows: If less than 8 minutes use modifier 52 for reduced services If 8-22 minutes bill 1 unit If minutes bill 2 units, etc. When any provider (including a chiropractic physician) bills physical therapy therapeutic procedures (CPT ) these services will apply to the defined benefit limit for PT, ST, OT combined. This visit will also count against the initial 12 or subsequent approved chiropractic visits. 6

7 NOTE: CPT should not be billed when a manipulation is performed on the same area. The modality codes are generally considered to be an adjunct to a variety of therapies and when billed by an allopathic, osteopathic, or chiropractic physician, these services do not count against the defined benefit limit for PT, ST, OT combined. The modality codes will only count as an individual Chiropractic visit if no other chiropractic services are rendered at the same visit. Manipulation should be reported using codes The pre-, intra-, and post-service components of a manipulation service include: An update of the patient's history regarding any changes positive or negative since the prior visit. A review of the chart, prior treatment plan, or diagnostic imaging. Performance of an assessment to determine the location and intensity of the patient's symptoms and medical necessity of the manipulation (with or without use of an instrument as the assessment tool) Manual palpation that documents pain or tenderness including location, intensity, quality, tissue response of muscles (spasms, hypertonicity, etc.). Motion palpation, joint evaluation, or whatever technique is used to locate and evaluate joint dysfunction/fixations. The manipulation of the joint(s) identified in the evaluation to restore normal joint motion/mechanics. Proper documentation of each area manipulated also must be noted in each daily note including technique or instrumentation used if not done by hand. A post-manipulation evaluation of the patient's response to the treatment should be noted. A determination to continue, cease, or minimally alter the treatment plan Patient education or instructions. Imaging review Chart documentation, consultation and reporting Evaluation and Management (E/M) Codes Manipulation ( ) includes a pre-manipulation assessment Therefore, a separate evaluation and management (E/M) ( ) service must be medically necessary. A separate E/M service should not be routinely reported with manipulation or time-based physical medicine services. This means that a separate evaluation and management (E/M) service will only be paid in the following circumstances: Initial examination of a new patient or condition; Acute exacerbation of symptoms or a significant change in the patient's condition; or Distinctly different indications, which are separately identifiable and unrelated to the manipulation When reporting evaluation and management services, the level reported should be consistent with the complexity of the history, physical and medical decision making involved in the patient encounter. Documentation in the medical record should include the components of the separate and distinct evaluation and management service, as well as the reasons for performing the separate evaluation and management service. 7

8 When medical care is reported for any of the three reasons cited above, report modifier 25 with the evaluation and management service to identify it as a separately identifiable service, in accordance with these guidelines. Modifiers Modifier 59 may be reported with a non-e/m service to identify it as distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. When Modifier 59 is reported, the patient s records must support its use in accordance with CPT guidelines. Modifier 25 may be reported with medical care (e.g. visits, consults) to identify it as significant and separately identifiable from the other service(s) provided on the same day. When modifier 25 is reported, the patient s records must clearly document that separately identifiable medical care was rendered. Information/Documentation Required Documentation must include the following to validate the appropriateness of the manipulation: A record of the patient s subjective complaint, An objective assessment or physical findings to support the manipulation, A clear description of the type of adjustment provided, including the body region to which the adjustment was performed, and, A post-manipulation evaluation of the patient s response to the treatment. The request for additional visits must be accompanied by supporting documentation of medical necessity, which includes; a prescribed treatment program that is expected to result in significant therapeutic improvement over a clearly defined period of time; the symptoms being treated; diagnostic procedures and results; frequency, duration and results of planned treatment modalities; anticipated length of treatment plan with identification of quantifiable, attainable shortterm and long-term goals; and demonstrated progress toward significant functional gains and/or improved activity tolerances. In addition to the Chiropractic Plan of Treatment Form medical records may be requested for review and clarification. Additional visits will not be authorized without clear documentation as to the medical necessity of these visits. Billing and Coding/Physician Documentation Information See Attachments I - IV Eligible Providers Benefits will be provided for care by a chiropractor that is: 1. A duly licensed Doctor of Chiropractic, when acting within the scope of his/her license; 8

9 2. Treatment for a neuromusculoskeletal condition (condition of the bones, joints, or muscles), and 3. A participating or network provider with the Plan that is credentialed by and contracted with the Plan. Policy Implementation/Update information 02/2003 reformatted, 01/2002 updated to include new prior approval requirement - visit limit from six to 12 visits, 13 th visit forward requires prior approval; codes reviewed 01/2001 & updated. 09/2003 language added to reflect current certificate language and regulatory requirements. 01/2005 Major revision defining acute, supportive, and maintenance care; eliminating chronic care as a specific exclusion; and adding criteria for medical necessity for acute and supportive care and therapeutic trials for problems of long standing duration. Included provisions for members to pay for chiropractic care for non-covered conditions. 10/2005 Minor word additions, additional diagnosis codes added based on input from VCA. 10/2006 Reviewed by VCA panel. LLLT and VAD and Work Hardening added as not covered/investigational. CPT codes updated. 10/2007 Updated to include current certificate language. Reviewed by the CAC 01/2008. Reviewed by the Vermont Chiropractic Insurance Panel. 10/2008 Updated. Reviewed by the Vermont Chiropractic Insurance Panel12/04/2008. Reviewed by the CAC 05/ /2010 Updated to clarify training and conditioning as distinct from medical care. Reviewed by CAC 05/18/ /2011 Updates to: definition of chiropractic care ; medical necessity criteria; covered laboratory testing and diagnostic imaging; noncovered services; addition of components of a manipulation service, modifier information related to documentation requirements. Maintenance therapy/wellness care should be reported under procedure HCPCS code S8990 (physical or manipulative therapy performed for maintenance rather than restorative). S8990 is a non covered service. Scientific Background and Reference Resources Milliman Guidelines for Chiropractic Care The Vermont Chiropractic Insurance Panel Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (previously Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research [AHCPR]). Chiropractic in the United States: training, practice and research. Publication No. 98-N Dec. Accessed December 8, Available at URL address: American Chiropractic College of Radiology (ACCR). ACCR guideline on computer assisted mensuration for postural analysis of radiographs Accessed December 8, Available at URL address: Centre for Health Services and Policy Research. (1999, May). A systematic review and critical appraisal of the scientific evidence on craniosacral therapy. Retrieved September 17, 2002 from ht BlueCross BlueShield Association. Medical Policy Reference Manual. (10:2008). Iontophoresis as a technique for drug delivery ( ). Retrieved February 17, 2009 from BlueWeb. (12 articles and/or guidelines reviewed) American Chiropractic Association Clinical Documentation Manual, 2 nd Edition 9

10 American Chiropractic Association Chiropractic Coding Solutions Manual, th Annual Edition. Approved by Medical Policy Committee Antonietta Sculimbrene, M.D. Chair, Medical Policy Committee Date Approved: 10

11 Office Visits Attachment I Chiropractic Covered Service Codes Description Office or other outpatient visit for the evaluation & management (E&M) of a new patient, which requires these three key components: a problem focused history; a problem focused examination; and straightforward medical decisionmaking. Usually the presenting problem(s) are self-limited or minor. Physicians typically spend 10 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. Office or other outpatient visit for the E&M of a new patient, which requires these three key components: an expanded problem focused history; an expanded problem focused examination; and straightforward medical decision-making. Usually the presenting problem(s) are of low to moderate complexity. Physicians typically spend 20 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. Office or other outpatient visit for the E&M of a new patient, which requires these three key components: a detailed history; a detailed examination; and medical decision making of low complexity. Usually the presenting problem(s) are of moderate severity Physicians typically spend 30 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. Office or other outpatient visit for the E&M of a new patient, which requires these three key components: a comprehensive history; a comprehensive examination; and medical decision making of moderate complexity. Usually the presenting problem(s) are of moderate to high severity. Physicians typically spend 45 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. Office or other outpatient visit for the E&M of a new patient, which requires these three key components: a comprehensive history; a comprehensive examination; and medical decision making of high complexity. Usually the presenting problem(s) are of moderate to high severity Physicians typically spend 60 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. Office or other outpatient visit for the E&M of an established patient that may not require the presence of a physician. Usually the presenting problems are minimal. Typically, 5 minutes are spent performing or supervising these services. Office or other outpatient visit for the E&M of an established patient, which requires at least two of these three key components: a problem focused history; a problem focused examination; and straightforward medical decisionmaking. Usually the presenting problem(s) are self-limited or minor. Physicians typically spend 10 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. Office or other outpatient visit for the E&M of an established patient, which requires at least two of these three key components: an expanded problem focused history; an expanded problem focused examination; and medical decision-making of low complexity. Usually the presenting problem(s) are of low to moderate complexity. Physicians typically spend 15 minutes face-toface with the patient and/or family. Office or other outpatient visit for the E&M of an established patient, which requires at least two of these three key components: a detailed history; a detailed examination; and medical decision making of moderate complexity. Usually the presenting problem(s) are of moderate to high severity. Physicians typically spend 25 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. Office or other outpatient visit for the E&M of an established patient, which requires at least two of these three key components: a comprehensive history; a comprehensive examination; and medical decision making of high 11

12 complexity. Usually the presenting problem(s) are of moderate to high severity. Physicians typically spend 40 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. Inpatient Visits Home Visits Description Inpatient (IP) consultation for a new or established patient, which requires these three key components: a problem focused history; a problem focused examination; and straightforward medical decision-making. Usually, the presenting problem(s) are self-limited or minor. Physicians typically spend 20 minutes at the bedside & on the patient s hospital floor or unit. IP consultation for a new or established patient, which requires these three key components: an expanded problem focused history; an expanded problem focused examination; and straightforward medical decision-making. Usually, the presenting problem(s) are of low severity. Physicians typically spend 40 minutes at the bedside & on the patient s hospital floor or unit. IP consultation for a new or established patient, which requires these three key components: a detailed history; a detailed examination; and medical decision-making of low complexity. Usually, the presenting problem(s) are of moderate severity. Physicians typically spend 55 minutes at the bedside & on the patient s hospital floor or unit. IP consultation for a new or established patient, which requires these three key components: a comprehensive history; a comprehensive examination; and medical decision-making of moderate complexity. Usually, the presenting problem(s) are of moderate to high severity. Physicians typically spend 80 minutes at the bedside & on the patient s hospital floor or unit. IP consultation for a new or established patient, which requires these three key components: a comprehensive history; a comprehensive examination; and medical decision-making of high complexity. Usually, the presenting problem(s) are of moderate to high severity. Physicians typically spend 110 minutes at the bedside & on the patient s hospital floor or unit. Description Home visit for the evaluation & management (E&M) of a new patient, which requires these three key components: a problem focused history; a problem focused examination; and straightforward medical decision-making. Usually the presenting problem(s) are of low severity. Physicians typically spend 20 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. Home visit for the E&M of a new patient, which requires these three key components: an expanded problem focused history; an expanded problem focused examination; and medical decision-making of low complexity. Usually the presenting problem(s) are of moderate severity. Physicians typically spend 30 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. Home visit for the E&M of a new patient, which requires these three key components: a detailed history; a detailed examination; and medical decisionmaking of moderate complexity. Usually the presenting problem(s) are of moderate to high severity. Physicians typically spend 45 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. Home visit for the E&M of a new patient, which requires these three key components: a comprehensive history; a comprehensive examination; and medical decision-making of moderate complexity. Usually the presenting problem(s) are of high severity. Physicians typically spend 60 minutes face-toface with the patient and/or family. Home visit for the E&M of a new patient, which requires these three key components: a comprehensive history; a comprehensive examination; and 12

13 99347 Home Visits Manipulation medical decision-making of high complexity. Usually, the patient is unstable or has developed a significant new problem requiring immediate physician attention. Physicians typically spend 75 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. Home visit for the E&M of an established patient, which requires at least two of these three key components: a problem focused interval history; a problem focused examination; and straightforward medical decision-making. Usually the presenting problem(s) are of self-limited or minor. Physicians typically spend 15 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. Description Home visit for the evaluation & management (E&M) of an established patient, which requires at least two of these three key components: an expanded problem focused interval history; an expanded problem focused examination; and medical decision-making of low complexity. Usually the presenting problem(s) are of low to moderate severity. Physicians typically spend 25 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family Home visit for the (E&M) of an established patient, which requires at least two of these three key components: a detailed interval history; a detailed examination; and medical decision-making of moderate complexity. Usually the presenting problem(s) are of moderate to high severity. Physicians typically spend 40 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. Home visit for the E&M of an established patient, which requires at least two of these three key components: a comprehensive interval history; a comprehensive examination; and medical decision-making of moderate to high complexity. Usually the presenting problem(s) are of moderate to high severity. The patient may be unstable or may have developed a significant new problem requiring immediate physician attention. Physicians typically spend 60 minutes face-to-face with the patient and/or family. Description Chiropractic manipulative treatment (CMT); spinal, 1-2 regions Chiropractic manipulative treatment (CMT); spinal, 3-4 regions Chiropractic manipulative treatment (CMT); spinal, 5 regions Chiropractic manipulative treatment (CMT); extraspinal, 1 or more regions Chiropractic Coding Rules Description Chiropractic manipulation treatment includes a pre-manipulation patient 1 assessment. Evaluation & management (E&M) services provided in conjunction with CMT may be reported separately with the addition of CPT modifier -25 (Significant, separately identifiable E&M service by the same physician on the same day of the procedure or other service), along with any diagnostic tests or other 2 therapy provided. Physical Therapy Description Application of a modality to 1 or more areas: electrical stimulation (manual), each 15 minutes Application of a modality to 1 or more areas: ultrasound, each 15 minutes Therapeutic procedure, 1 or more areas, each 15 minutes; therapeutic exercises to develop strength and endurance, range of motion and flexibility Neuromuscular reeducation of movement, balance, coordination, kinesthetic sense, posture, and/or proprioception for sitting and/or standing activities Manual therapy techniques (e.g., mobilization / manipulation, manual lymphatic drainage, manual traction), 1 or more regions, each 15 minutes NOTE: should not be billed when a manipulation is performed on the same area. 13

14 Physical Therapy Physical Coding Rule 1 Laboratory Description Therapeutic activities, direct (one-on-one) patient contact by the provider (use of dynamic activities to improve functional performance), each 15 minutes Self-care / home management training (e.g., activities of daily living (ADL) and compensatory training, meal preparation, safety procedures, and instructions in use of assistive technology devices / adaptive equipment) direct one-onone contact by provider, each 15 minutes Description The physician or therapist is required to be in constant attendance when reporting CPT codes for modalities and procedures. Description Electrolyte panel Urinalysis Urinalysis Creatine kinase (CK) (CPK); total Complete Blood count (with automated Hgb, Hct, RBC, WBC, platelet) Sedimentation Rate, manual Non Covered Laboratory Tests All Others CPT codes not listed above 14

15 Attachment II Chiropractic Non-Covered Service Codes Non Covered Codes Description Traction, mechanical Electrical stimulation (unattended) Vasopneumatic Devices Paraffin bath Whirlpool Diathermy (e.g., microwave) Infrared Ultraviolet Iontophoresis Unlisted modality Massage, including effleurage, petrissage, and/or tapotement (stroking, compression, percussion) Unlisted therapeutic procedure Development of cognitive skills Sensory integrative techniques Community work/reintetration training Wheelchair managment Work hardening/conditioning Work hardening/conditioning each additional hour Supplies and materials provided by the physician over and above those usually included with the office visit Physical or manipulative therapy performed for maintenance rather than S8990 restoration S9090 Vertebral axial decompression, per session 15

16 Attachment III Chiropractic Covered X-Rays Covered X-Rays Description Radiologic examination, ribs, unilateral; 2 views Radiologic examination, spine, entire, survey study, anteroposterior & lateral Radiologic examination, spine, single view, specify level Radiologic examination, spine, cervical; 2 or 3 views Radiologic examination, spine, cervical; minimum of 4 views Radiologic examination, spine, cervical; complete, including oblique & flexion and/or extension studies Radiologic examination, spine, thoracic; 2 views Radiologic examination, spine, thoracic; minimum of 4 views Radiologic examination, spine, thoracolumbar, 2 views Radiologic examination, spine, lumbosacral; 2 or 3 views Radiologic examination, spine, lumbosacral; minimum of 4 views Radiologic examination, spine, lumbosacral; complete, including bending views Radiologic examination, spine, lumbosacral, bending views only, minimum of 4 views Radiologic examination, pelvis; 1 or 2 views Radiologic examination, sacroiliac joints; less than 3 views Radiologic examination, sacrum & coccyx, minimum of 2 views Radiologic examination, clavicle, complete Radiologic examination, scapula, complete Radiologic examination, shoulder; 1 view Radiologic examination, shoulder, complete, minimum of 2 views Radiologic examination, shoulder, arthrography, radiological supervision & interpretation Radiologic examination, acromioclavicular joints, bilateral, with or w/out weighted distraction Radiologic examination, humerus, minimum of 2 views Radiologic examination, elbow; 2 views Radiologic examination, forearm; 2 views Radiologic examination, wrist; 2 views Radiologic examination, wrist; arthrography, radiological supervision & interpretation Radiologic examination, hand; 2 views Radiologic examination, finger(s), minimum of 2 views Radiologic examination, hip, unilateral; 1 view Radiologic examination, hip, complete, minimum of 2 views Radiologic examination, hips, bilateral, minimum of 2 views of each hip, including anteroposterior view of pelvis Radiologic examination, femur, 2 views Radiologic examination, knee; 1 or 2 views Radiologic examination, knee; 3 views Radiologic examination, knee; complete, 4 or more views 16

17 73590 Radiologic examination, tibia & fibula, 2 views Radiologic examination, ankle; 2 views Radiologic examination, ankle; complete, minimum of 3 views Radiologic examination, foot; 2 views Radiologic examination, foot; complete, minimum of 3 views Radiologic examination, calcaneus; minimum of 2 views Radiologic examination, toe(s), minimum of 2 views Attachment IV Chiropractic Covered Diagnoses Codes ICD Coding Notes Description Not a valid Nerve root and plexus disorders code Brachial plexus lesions Lumbosacral plexus lesions Cervical root lesions, not elsewhere classified Thoracic root lesions, not elsewhere classified Lumbosacral root lesions, not elsewhere classified Code first any associated underlying disease, such as: diabetes mellitus (249.6, 250.6) Neuralgic amyotrophy Phantom limb (syndrome) Other nerve root and plexus disorders Unspecified nerve root and plexus disorder 354 Not a valid code Mononeuritis of upper limb and mononeuritis multiplex Carpal tunnel syndrome Non Specific Code Other lesion of median nerve Lesion of ulnar nerve Lesion of radial nerve Causalgia of upper limb Mononeuritis multiplex Other mononeuritis of upper limb Mononeuritis of upper limb, unspecified 355 Not a valid code Mononeuritis of lower limb and unspecified site Lesion of sciatic nerve Meralgia paresthetica 17

18 355.2 Non Specific Code Other lesion of femoral nerve Lesion of lateral popliteal nerve Lesion of medial popliteal nerve Tarsal tunnel syndrome Lesion of plantar nerve Other mononeuritis of lower limb Causalgia of lower limb Other mononeuritis of lower limb Mononeuritis of lower limb, unspecified Mononeuritis of unspecified site Not a valid code Temporomandibular joint disorders Unspecified temporomandibular joint disorders Adhesions and ankylosis (bony or fibrous) Arthralgia of temporomandibular joint Articular disc disorder (reducing or non-reducing) Temporomandibular joint sounds on opening and/or closing the jaw Other specified temporomandibular joint disorders 715 Not a valid code Osteoarthrosis and allied disorders Osteoarthrosis, generalized Generalized osteoarthrosis, unspecified site Generalized osteoarthrosis, involving hand Generalized osteoarthrosis, involving multiple sites Osteoarthrosis, localized, primary Primary localized osteoarthrosis, specified site Primary localized osteoarthrosis, shoulder region Primary localized osteoarthrosis, upper arm Primary localized osteoarthrosis, forearm Primary localized osteoarthrosis, hand Primary localized osteoarthrosis, pelvic region & Thigh Primary localized osteoarthrosis, lower leg Primary localized osteoarthrosis, ankle and foot Primary localized osteoarthrosis, other specified sites Osteoarthrosis, localized, secondary Secondary localized osteoarthrosis, unspecified site Secondary localized osteoarthrosis, shoulder region Secondary localized osteoarthrosis, upper arm Secondary localized osteoarthrosis, forearm Secondary localized osteoarthrosis, involving hand 18

19 Secondary localized osteoarthrosis, pelvic region & thigh Secondary localized osteoarthrosis, lower leg Secondary localized osteoarthrosis, ankle and foot Secondary localized osteoarthrosis, other specified sites Osteoarthrosis, localized, not specified whether primary or secondary Localized osteoarthrosis not specified whether primary or secondary, unspecified site Localized osteoarthrosis not specified whether primary or secondary, shoulder region Localized osteoarthrosis not specified whether primary or secondary, upper arm Localized osteoarthrosis not specified whether primary or secondary, forearm Localized osteoarthrosis not specified whether primary or secondary, hand Localized osteoarthrosis not specified whether primary or secondary, pelvic region & thigh Localized osteoarthrosis not specified whether primary or secondary, lower leg Localized osteoarthrosis not specified whether primary or secondary, ankle and foot Localized osteoarthrosis not specified whether primary or secondary, other specified sites Osteoarthrosis involving or with mention of more than one site, but not specified as generalized Osteoarthrosis involving or with mention of more than one site, but not specified as generalized, unspecified Osteoarthrosis involving multiple sites, but not specified as generalized Osteoarthrosis, unspecified whether generalized or localized Osteoarthrosis, unspecified whether generalized or localized, unspecified site Osteoarthrosis, unspecified whether generalized or localized, shoulder region Osteoarthrosis, unspecified whether generalized or localized, upper arm Osteoarthrosis, unspecified whether generalized or localized, forearm Osteoarthrosis, unspecified whether generalized or localized, hand Osteoarthrosis, unspecified whether generalized or localized, pelvic region & thigh 19

20 Osteoarthrosis, unspecified whether generalized or localized, lower leg Osteoarthrosis, unspecified whether generalized or localized, ankle and foot Osteoarthrosis, unspecified whether generalized or localized, other specified sites Other and unspecified arthropathies Kaschin-Beck disease Kaschin-Beck disease, site unspecified Kaschin-Beck disease, shoulder region Kaschin-Beck disease, upper arm Kaschin-Beck disease, forearm Kaschin-Beck disease, hand Kaschin-Beck disease pelvic, region and thigh Kaschin-Beck disease, lower leg Kaschin-Beck disease, ankle and foot Kaschin-Beck disease, other specified sites Kaschin-Beck disease, multiple sites Traumatic arthropathy Traumatic arthropathy, site unspecified Traumatic arthropathy, shoulder region Traumatic arthropathy, upper arm Traumatic arthropathy, forearm Traumatic arthropathy, hand Traumatic arthropathy, pelvic region and thigh Traumatic arthropathy, lower leg Traumatic arthropathy, ankle and foot Traumatic arthropathy, other specified sites Traumatic arthropathy, multiple sites Allergic arthritis Allergic arthritis, site unspecified Allergic arthritis, shoulder region Allergic arthritis, upper arm Allergic arthritis, forearm Allergic arthritis, hand Allergic arthritis, pelvic region and thigh Allergic arthritis, lower leg Allergic arthritis, ankle and foot Allergic arthritis, other specified sites Allergic arthritis, multiple sites Climacteric arthritis 20