Environmental Health Sciences
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- Charity Pope
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1
2 Make vampire food safe for vampires, again.
3 Hormone-related cancers Pre-term birth Autoimmunity ADHD Endometriosis Degenerative diseases Fibroids Allergies Obesity Asthma Learning disabilities Infertility Heart disease Autism polycystic ovaries Diabetes
4 Hormones guide gene expression EDCs hack the system
5 Hormones guide gene expression EDCs hack the system
6 Hormones guide gene expression EDCs hack the system
7 Two ways to think about genes Heredity: What we get from our parents Gene behavior : Chemical manufacturing machines nature s nanotechnology
8 What changes gene expression? Classic Genetics Heredity Other genes and signals they send Classic Environment Diet Stress Experience Environmental contaminants
9 Low level exposures affect gene expression Bisphenols PFAS compounds Phthalates Different generations of flame retardants Dioxins, PCBs, DDT Uranium, arsenic, cadmium Soy phytoestrogens etc.
10 Diet experience stress contamination Genetics Heredity vs. Health Environment
11 Conceptual shift Old a disease that is linked to genes is a disease under hereditary control. New a disease linked to genes is one vulnerable to environmental causes.
12 19 Feb 2013: WHO UNEP report
13 Science is explored by people
14 Costly
15 Revolution in science 1. Low doses matter a lot 2. Events in the womb don t stay in the womb 3. Testing methods are deeply flawed 4. Exposure is ubiquitous
16 2.5 parts per billion of atrazine
17
18 ATRAZINE Recommended application 1,000,000 10, PPB Run-off Streams Safe short term Surface water Safe for drinking water Rain This result Hayes et al. 2002
19 Revolution in science 1. Low doses matter a lot 2. Events in the womb don t stay in the womb 3. Testing methods are deeply flawed 4. Exposure is ubiquitous
20 T&E2 Capsule Control T&E2 Capsule BPA Kidneys Kidneys Bladder Testes Testis Bladder Bell Jones et al. 2007
21 Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance 1. Skinner, Blumberg, Rissman, etc. 2. Hunt
22 Long-term trends in human sperm
23 Revolution in science 1. Low doses matter a lot 2. Events in the womb don t stay in the womb 3. Testing methods are deeply flawed 4. Exposure is ubiquitous
24 Testing methods are deeply flawed 1. Tools agencies use for establishing safety are outdated, mostly irrelevant and based on false assumptions 2. Laws and regulations outdated 3. They stay that way because of the financial stakes and the effectiveness of manufactured doubt
25 1 part per billion Same strain of mice Same caloric intake Same activity levels Newbold et al. 2005, 2007
26 1 part per billion What about 1000 ppb? Same strain of mice Same caloric intake Same activity levels Newbold et al. 2005, 2007
27 Non-monotonicity of tamoxifen Welshons, in Vandenberg et al. 2012
28 Non-monotonicity: Laura Vandenberg
29
30 What s wrong with that picture? 1. Tools agencies use for establishing safety are outdated, mostly irrelevant and based on false assumptions 2. Laws and regulations outdated
31 What s wrong with that picture? 1. Tools agencies use for establishing safety are outdated, mostly irrelevant and based on false assumptions 2. Laws and regulations outdated 3. They stay that way because of the financial stakes and the effectiveness of manufactured doubt
32 Revolution in science 1. Low doses matter a lot 2. Events in the womb don t stay in the womb 3. Testing methods are deeply flawed 4. Exposure is ubiquitous
33 Nick Kristof last autumn (NYT): These days we spew fewer toxins into our air and rivers, and instead we dump poisons directly into our own bodies.
34
35 We assume that products in the market have been tested for safety But the vast majority of chemicals have barely been tested at all
36 What is endocrine disruption?
37
38 Where s the good news? 1. The science grows ever stronger 2. The medical community is getting on board 3. Consumers are demanding safer materials 4. We have the science to help chemists make those safer materials 5. The states are improving policies; so is Europe
39
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41 Hormone-related cancers Pre-term birth Autoimmunity ADHD Endometriosis Degenerative diseases Fibroids Allergies Obesity Asthma Learning disabilities Infertility Heart disease Autism polycystic ovaries Diabetes
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