Chemicals and Health

Transcription

1 Chemicals and Health Linking chemical exposure to health Kyungho Choi December 20, 2016 School of Public Health, Seoul National University

2 HUMIDIFIER

3 Humidifier disinfectant

4 Humidifier disinfectant For my baby! Don t turn humidifier on unless you have this

5 Humidifier disinfectants disaster 한겨레 Reported case: 4261 Reported casualties: 853 Official number of victims: 228+

6 Safe for human use!

7 Consumer Product Safety Commission of USA

8 Parliamentary probe on-going

9 Public reaction: Chemophobia an irrational aversion to or prejudice against chemicals or chemistry (wiki) Rational Fear of Chemicals! Decrease in Sales

10 Public reaction: No-Chemi

11 Ecosystem Receptors Our health can be affected by everyday chemicals! Industry/Wastes Consumer products etc.

12 Deaths from unintentional poisonings

13 Upsurge of some diseases Hypospadias Autism Prevalence of hypospadias among newborn Danish boys Autistic disorder cumulative incidence by cohort birth year (UNEP, WHO, 2013)

14 Societal cost of chemical exposures 163 B Euro/y Neuro IQ loss EU Development Obesity Male Endometriosis Female health Trasande et al. 2016

15 Tasks of Environ Health Scientists To find bad chemicals Identifying chemicals with frequent detection in high levels Identifying chemicals with causal association with adverse health effects Assisting in using safer chemicals Public health management Source and pathway identification Exposure mitigation etc.

16 Identifying chemical determinants is not easy General population Exposure???? Difficult to associate Health outcome Unintentional Low dose Long-term use Chronic Nonlethal Non-specific

17 Too many chemicals in use! Alloys Polymers phthalates minerals mixtures Coordination compounds 1,000 In everyday life 45,000 In Korean Hazardous Materials Act 100,000+ In commerce in EU

18 Analytical chemistry Advance in analytical instruments and techniques

19 Linking chemical exposure? phthalates Link? to health effects

20 Bisphenol A

21 Chemicals sharing common sources Bisphenol A Phthalates Common exposure sources Benzophenone-3 Parabens

22 Chemicals in urines NHANES bp3-benzophenone-3 bph-bisphenol A trs-triclosan bup-butylparaben eup-ethylparaben mph-methylparaben ppb-propylparaben mhp-mehp mhh-mehhp moh-meohp ecp-mecpp up8-perchlorate High correlations among urinary chemicals ln_urx ln_urx bp3 ln_urx bph ln_urxt rs ln_urx bup ln_urxe pb ln_urx mpb ln_urx ppb ln_urx mhp ln_urx mhh ln_urx moh ln_urxe cp ln_urxbp ln_urxtrs ln_urxbu ln_urxep ln_urxmp ln_urxpp ln_urxmh ln_urxmh ln_urxmo ln_urxec ln_urxup bp3 h p b b b p h h p <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 < <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 < <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 < <.0001 <.0001 < < <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 < <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 < <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 < (Kim SJ et al., In prep) <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 < <.0001 <.0001 < <.0001 < <

23 Linking chemical exposure? phthalates Link? to health effects

24 Linking chemical exposure! Patient Control Exposome analysis Statistical analysis Finding environmental loci associated with disease Patel et al. 2010

25 Environment-wide Association Study Manhattan type plot showing p values for 76 chemicals or lifestyle factors vs prevalent metabolic syndrome Monica Lind et al., 2013

26 Chemicals/endponts To identify chemicals of causal association Epigenome metabolome Exposome Health effects Temporal exposure profile Exposure profile over sensitive period of life stages In combination with epigenome and metabolome

27 Finding safer substitutes? Nature 2014 Science 2015

28 Bisphenols Chemicals substituting BPA BPA BPAP BPC BPM BPS BPAF BPB BPF BPP BPZ

29 Bisphenols in receipt paper

30 Bisphenol S affects fish reproduction (Ji et al., 2013)

31 Flame retardants replacing PBDEs

32 Triphenylphosphate (TPP) T4 T3 (Kim et al., 2015)

33 Dechlorane Plus 2.0 T4 T3 5 crh tsh * relative gene expression relative gene expression * n=3 n=3 n=3 n=3 n=3 n=3 n=3 n=3 DP-25 ( g/g zebrafish wet weight) n=5 n=5 n=5 n=5 n=5 n=5 n=5 n=5 DP-25 ( g/g zebrafish wet weight) (Kang et al., 2016)

34 Directions Replacing BAD with UNKNOWN is not correct Directions Screening measures for chemical safety

35 Exposure mitigation Which chemicals are frequently occurring at higher levels? Among susceptible human populations Sources and exposure pathways?

36 3. 인체행동영향및노출기여도평가 Exposure- intervention study Temple stay (Intervention on diet and life behavior) N=25 Day: Urine collection (Before) Urine collection (After) Fig. Phthalate metabolites after 5 days of temple stay (Ji et al., 2010). *M: Male, F: Female 36

37 Studies with Mahidol Backgrounds

38 Backgrounds Studies with Mahidol Exposure assessment among Thai pregnant women Recruit 1 st ㅇtrimester 2 nd trimester 3 rd trimester Detailed Questionnaire Simple Questionnaire Simple Questionnaire Sampling urine Sampling urine Sampling urine Sampling housedust Urines should be sampled at least 3 times which include each of three trimesters. Sampling periods are better as consistent as possible among the participating women. Number of pregnant women reaching the 3 rd trimester should be >100. For those who want, housedust sample can be collected during the course of pregnancy.

39 Korea Questionnaire Sampling housedust Recruiting Women at Early Pregnancy (1 st trimester, n>100) Sampling urine (1 st trimester) Sampling urine (before delivery) Kickoff Workshop (Bangkok ) Recruiting Women at Early Pregnancy (1 st trimester, n>100) Sampling urine (1 st trimester) Sampling urine ㅇ (before delivery) Thailand Questionnaire Sampling housedust Exchange of Hanyang Eulji Univ Researchers Univ Dust analysis Urine analysis for Urine analysis Dust analysis analyticals (Thai->Kor) Scientific outputs Summary workshop (Seoul ) Scientific outputs Link to future studies

40 Conclusions Chemicals are important determinant of health More helps warranted for developing safer substitutes Analytical chemistry, and safety screening measures Identifying major chemicals of health concern is important first step to Associations studies Chemical management

41 Thank you Season s greetings From Environmental Toxicology Laboratory EDCs and Environmental Health