156 Index. treatment, 31 Externalizing behavior adaptive functioning, 23, 25, 26 aggressive behavior, 26 behavioral issues, role in, 26 PWS, 35

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1 Index A Adaptive functioning, 23, 25 26, 28 Adolescents, 7. See also Youth ASD (see also Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)), 15 Angelman syndrome, 28 Aripiprazole, Antihistamines, 92 Anxiety, 89, 92, 96, 130, 150 maternal anxiety, 109 Assessment assessment tools, 43 of emotional and behavioral functioning, 24 25, of family environment, of nutrition, factors affecting, 78 of physical activities, 40, sedentary activities, 53 Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) assessment and treatment strategies, overview of, 6, 14, caregivers (see Caregivers) cognitive development, 17 comprehensive treatment approach (see Comprehensive treatment approach) emotional/behavioral issues, 23 externalizing behavior and adaptive functioning (see Externalizing behavior) growth development, 18 internalizing behavior and mental health concerns, motor development, nutrition (see Nutrition) PA (see Physical activity (PA)) prevalence, 2 4 psychotropic medication (see Psychotropic medication) risk factors, 4 5 sensory processing, sleep (see Sleep) social deficits, stage 3 program (see Stage 3 program) treatment, 31 Authoritative feeding style, 65 B Bariatric surgery, 135 Behavioral issues, 5, 17, 23, 25, 26, 28, 40 feeding issues, sleep and, 89 Behavioral therapy, sleep issue treatment, medication, physical activity, 92 sleep schedule, Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), 89 Body mass index (BMI), 41 C Caregivers, 61, 71 assessment, family environment, 106 family stress family activities, 108 fast-food consumption, 107 meta-analysis, 107 mindfulness practice, 108 PWS, 109 feeding practices, 62 authoritative feeding style, 65 food as reward, 65 permissive feeding, 64 pressure to eat, 65 restrictive feeding, healthy lifestyle habits, 7 maternal mental health, Springer International Publishing AG 2017 A.M. Cadieux, Assessing and Treating Pediatric Obesity in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, DOI /

2 156 Index Caregivers (cont.) mealtime behaviors, 66 parenting style and strategies (see Parenting style) stress and mental health of, 106 treatment, weight issues, 105 Children developmental coordination disorder, 14 eating patterns and behaviors, role in, 62 motor development, lower skill, 15 impairment, 15 treatment, 16 obesity, 13 epidemic in, 2 physical activities, 41 Clonidine, 92 Clozapine, 94 Comprehensive treatment approach bariatric surgery, considerations for, 135 case study, defining and monitoring success, healthcare provider, 126, 128 motivational interviewing, 126 positive reinforcements, 129 referrals, 131 SMART goals, 128 targets, 126, 127 treatment modalities, weight management, 125 Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, D Daytime sleepiness, risk of, 87 Depression, 26, 92, 150 maternal depression, 109, 110 Developmental coordination disorder, 14 Developmental delay, 14 Downs syndrome (DS), 41 E Eating behavior assessment, 70 restriction, 64 unhealthy, 61, 62 Emotional functioning assessment, externalizing behavior and adaptive functioning, 23, 25, 26 internalizing behavior, and sensory processing, social behavior, treatment, 31 Externalizing behavior adaptive functioning, 23, 25, 26 aggressive behavior, 26 behavioral issues, role in, 26 PWS, 35 F Feeding issues, Feeding practices, 62 authoritative feeding style, 65 food as reward, 65 permissive feeding, 64 pressure to eat, 65 restrictive feeding, Food insecurity, 72 Food jag, 66, 74 Food reward, 65 Food texture, 67, 68, 73 G Gluten-free casein-free (GFCF) diet, 68, 69, 70 Goal setting, 6 caregiver modeling, 46 compliance, duration, engaging parents, 51 enjoyable, 46 frequency, intensity, monitoring progress, 49 reinforcement of, 50 SMART goals, 45 steps for, 47 support and accommodations, H Health behavior changes, 8, 25, 31 comprehensive treatment approach, 126 and family environment, 114, 115, 116, 129 monitoring success, 129 parenting style, 111 in treatment considerations, 96, 97 Health Weight Center (HWC), Helen DeVos Children s Hospital additional education, 150 ASD and ND, referrals of, 150 clinic appointments, 150 consultations, 150 medical social worker, 151 traditional weight management program and specialized treatment, 153

3 Index 157 treatment, aspects of, 152 Hyperphagia, 68, 69 70, I Internalizing behavior, J Juices, 71, 131, 133 Junk food, 4, 115, 132, 134 K Knowledge, 8, 42, 43, 45 caregiver s, 71 family s, 140 parental, 106 L Low-calorie diet, 7 M Maternal mental health, Maternal stress, 63, 88, 107, 108, 109 Mealtime behaviors, 66 Medical comorbidities, 86 Medication management, 31 in PWS, 77 psychotropic, antidepressants, 95 mood stabilizers, 95 second-generation antipsychotics, stimulant and nonstimulant, 95 for sleep, Melatonin, 91 Mental health disorders, 93 Metformin, 96 Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), 41, 46, 50, 55 Molindone, 94 Motivational interviewing, 8, 113, 116, 117, 126, 129 Motor development, 14 children with lower skill, 14 15, 42 assessment and treatment, 15 16, 152 impairment, 15 normal skills, 13 Motor skills, 5, 14, 15, 16, 27, 40, 47 N Neurodevelopmental disorders (ND), 17, 25, 28, 113. See also Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Nutrition assessment, caregiver feeding practices (see Feeding practices) eating patterns and behaviors, child s role in, 62 feeding issues and disorders, food selectivity and nutrient deficiency sensory processing issues, 67 WDD group, 68 GFCF diets, 67 health behaviors, 61 healthy food, food insecurity and access to, 3 hyperphagia, 68, mealtime behaviors, 66 normal diet, 68 treatment, educating, caregiver, 73 factors affecting treatment, 77, 78 feeding disorders, 76 food insecurity, 72 hyperphagia, meals planning strategy and implementation, 75 mealtime behaviors, nonfood rewards, 77 preventing food jags, 74 O Obesity risks (see Obesity risks) youth, 41, 62 Obesity risks, 107, 141 in ASD and ND assessment, 6 prevalence, 2 4 risk factors, 4 5 treatment, 6 7 Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 87, 89, 90, 97 Olanzapine, 94 Overweight (OV), 2 youth, 41, 62 P PACER testing, Parenting style authoritative style, 110 contingency management, indulgent feeding style, 110 ineffectiveness of, meta-analysis, 111 modeling, positive reinforcement,

4 158 Index Parenting style (cont.) punishment, 112 schedule and structure, Pediatric obesity, 2 Physical activity (PA) ASD, characteristics of, 42 assessment, 40, 41 aspect of, 44 caregivers, 42 healthcare providers, 43 VO2 max and PACER testing, DS, 41 general factors, 41 PWS, 41 removing electronic devices, 54 screentime active time, sedentary time, activities, 54 assessment, 53 treatment, 53 treatment goals, 40, 41, Prader Willi syndrome (PWS), 31 physical activity, 41 Prevalence rates DSM-IV diagnostic categories, 3 OV and OB, gender differences in, 3 4 pediatric obesity, 2 rates, 2 3 Prevention community-based prevention, high percentage, of comorbid OV/OB, 139 interventions and strategies, 140 primary care, school, 143 treatment stages, Primary care provider (PCP), 6 Psychotropic medication antidepressants and mood stabilizers, 95 second-generation antipsychotics, stimulant and nonstimulant, 95 treatment considerations, 96 Q Quetiapine, 94 R Reinforcement, 50 positive reinforcements, in comprehensive treatment approach, 129 Risperidone, 94 S Screentime, Sedentary time (ST), assessment, 53 treatment, 53 Sensory processing, issues, 67 Sleep behavior problems, 89 daytime sleepiness, risk of, 87 disorders and issues, 86, 87 duration of BMI, 87 health behaviors, 88 risk factors for, 88 shorter sleep duration, prevalence, rates of, 86 treating sleep issues behavioral therapies, 90 CPAP, medical intervention, 89 medication management for, OSA symptoms, 89 routine, treatment factors, 92 Smith-Magenis syndrome, 26 Social behavior, Stage 3 program Helen DeVos Children s Hospital Health Weight Center additional education, 150 ASD and ND, referrals of, 150 clinic appointments, 150 consultations, 150 medical social worker, 151 traditional weight management program and specialized treatment, 153 treatment, aspects of, 152 weight management programs, 149 Stages of treatment, 6 7 Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Intervention, 7 medication, 7 Prevention Plus, 6 Structured Weight Management, 6 T Trazodone, 92 Treatment, 6, 14 emotional functioning, 31

5 Index 159 establishing goals enjoyable activities, 46 group-based activity, intensity, duration, frequency, monitoring progress, 49 reinforcement of physical activity, 50 support and accommodation, for family environment, to increase physical activities, 40, motor development, 16, for nutrition, food insecurity, 72 mealtime behavior, selective eating, sedentary behaviors, 53 stages of, 6 7 Treatment programs Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Intervention, 7 Prevention Plus, 6 Structured Weight Management, 6 U Unhealthy activities, 106, 139 Unhealthy eating habits, 61, 63, 109 Unhealthy food, 64, 130 V VO2 max testing, 43, 44, 150, 153 W Weight management, 125 program, 149 structured, 6 traditional, 153 William syndrome, 41 Without a diagnosed disability (WDD), 18 Y Youth ASD cognitive development of, 17 motor develop, 15 delays and deficits, 15 nutrition treatment in, typical goals for, 62 PA, 41 Smith-Magenis syndrome, 26 Z Ziprasidone, 94 z-score, BMI, 72, 94