Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abuse sleep physiology effects of, substance, in adolescents, sleep problems and, See also Substance use and abuse, in adolescents, sleep problems and. Actigraphy in insomnias assessment, 985 in sleep assessment, 800, 899 in sleep-related depressive problems assessment, 899 ADHD. See Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Advanced sleep phase disorder, 843 AEDs. See Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Age, as factor in sleep disorders in children and adolescents with ADHD, Aggressive behaviors, SDB and, 817 Alcohol use and abuse, in adolescents, sleep problems and, Alpha agonists, in insomnias management, Anabolic steroids, in adolescents, sleep problems and, 940 Analgesic(s), opioid, in adolescents, sleep problems and, 935 Anti Kickback statute, Antidepressants, in insomnias management, 1010 Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), in insomnias management, Antihistamines, in insomnias management, Antipsychotics, in insomnias management, Anxiety, sleep problems due to, treatment implications, Arousal(s) confusional, 951 disorders of, ASDs. See Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Attachment, insomnias of childhood and adolescence related to, 983 Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) characteristics of, 863 comorbid primary sleep disorders with, described, 863 prevalence of, 863 psychiatric disorders and, sleep in children with, 869 sleep characteristics of children and adolescents with, described, nocturnal activity, 865 prevalence of, restless legs syndrome, 868 SDB, 817, Child Adolesc Psychiatric Clin N Am 18 (2009) doi: /s (09) childpsych.theclinics.com /09/$ see front matter ª 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2 1030 Attention-deficit (continued) sleep architecture, sleep disorders factors affecting, source of, hypotheses on, sleep disturbances, 865 sleep patterns, 865 subtypes of, 865 treatment of, medications in, sleep alterations associated with, Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) described, 917 neurobiology of, sleep and, 918 sleep patterns in, sleep problems associated with, assessment of, daytime behavior effects of, 921 insomnias, treatment of, prevalence of, PSG findings, 921 treatment of, types of, B BEARS, in screening and evaluation of sleep disorders, 828 Bed time, advancing, in mood-related sleep problems management, 909 Bedtime behavior and practices, influence on sleep development, Bedtime routines, positive, in insomnias management, Behavior(s) aggressive, SDB and, 817 bedtime, influence on sleep development, daytime, ASD related sleep disorders effects on, 921 sleep-related, insomnias of childhood and adolescence related to, Behavioral insomnia of childhood, 840 Behavioral model, of sleep disorders in children and adolescents with ADHD, 866 Behavioral therapy cognitive, in insomnias management, 991 in ASD related sleep disorders management, 922 in mood-related sleep problems management, 908 Behaviorally induced insufficient sleep syndrome, 842 Benzodiazepine(s), in insomnias management, 1009 Benzodiazepine receptor agonists, in insomnias management, Bipolar disorder related sleep problems, in children and adolescents, See also Early-onset bipolar spectrum disorders (EBSD). Breathing, sleep-disordered. See Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Breathing disorders, sleep-related, 841 Bruxism, C Caffeine, in adolescents, sleep problems and, 934 Cataplexy

3 1031 narcolepsy with, 842 narcolepsy without, 842 CDC. See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), on ADHD, 863 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid, 1023 Child Find, 826, 827 Childhood insomnias, See also Insomnia(s), of childhood and adolescence. Children s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), in screening and evaluation of sleep disorders, described, limitations of, 830 strengths of, 830 Circadian factors, insomnias of childhood and adolescence related to, Circadian model, of sleep disorders in children and adolescents with ADHD, 866 Circadian rhythm sleep disorders, free-running type, 843 Civil liability, for health care providers, Claim, process steps of, 1019 Clinical innovation defense, theory of, 1020 Clinical interview, in screening and evaluation of sleep disorders, Cocaine, in adolescents, sleep problems and, 939 Cognitive behavior therapy, in insomnias management, 991 Cognitive dysfunction, SDB and, Cognitive reframing, in mood-related sleep problems management, 908 Conduct disorder, SDB and, 817 Confusional arousals, 951 Consent for minors, medicolegal issues related to, 1022 Contributory fault of patient, theory of, Cosleeping, insomnias of childhood and adolescence related to, CSHQ. See Children s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Culture as factor in normal sleep, 814 influence on sleep development, See also Sleep development, family and cultural influences on. D Daytime behavior, ASD related sleep disorders effects on, 921 Daytime functioning in insomnias of childhood and adolescence evaluation, 985 sleep problems effect on, Daytime sleepiness in adolescents, predisposing factors for, in children, See also Hypersomnia(s). described, 967 prevalence of, DC 0 3R. See Diagnostic Classification, Zero to Three (DC 0 3R). Delayed sleep phase disorder, Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), hypersomnia and, clinical features of, 973 Depression, sleep disturbances and, relationship between, 974

4 1032 Depression-related sleep problems, actigraphy of, 899 described, PSG studies of, reports of, subjective and objective, reasons for, research on objective reports, research on subjective reports of, spectral EEG of, symptoms, treatment of, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic, research on, types of, 893 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition (DS miv) on parasomnias, 947 on sleep disorders, depressive symptoms and, 896 4th edition, Text Revision (DS miv TR), on sleep disorders, 839 Diagnostic Classification, Zero to Three (DC 0 3R), on sleep disorders, Diary(ies), in insomnias of childhood and adolescence evaluation, Drug(s) for ADHD, sleep alterations associated with, for depression-related sleep problems, research on, in insomnias management, See also specific agents and Insomnia(s), of childhood and adolescence, treatment of, pharmacologic. prescription, adolescents use of, sleep problems and, DSM-IV-TR. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). DSPS. See Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS). E Early-onset bipolar spectrum disorders (EBSD), sleep and objective reports of, research on, 903 subjective reports of, research on, treatment of, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic, research on, EBSD. See Early-onset bipolar spectrum disorders (EBSD). EDS. See Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). EEG. See Electroencephalography (EEG). Electroencephalography (EEG), spectral, of sleep and depressive problems, Enuresis, Environmental factors, insomnias of childhood and adolescence related to, Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), OSAS and, 828 Extinction techniques, graduated, in insomnias management, F False Claims Act, Family(ies), influence on sleep development, See also Sleep development, family and cultural influences on. Family bonds sleep in context of, traumatic experiences in context of, Fraud, health care, quality of care violations and, legal issues related to,

5 1033 G Genetic model, of sleep disorders in children and adolescents with ADHD, Good Samaritan Act, theory of, 1020 Graduated extinction techniques, in insomnias management, H Health care fraud, quality of care violations and, legal issues related to, Health care providers, civil liability for, Herbal supplements, for insomnias of childhood and adolescence, 1011 Hygiene, sleep. See Sleep hygiene. Hypersomnia(s) disorders commonly associated with, clinical features of, DSPS, 973 idiopathic hypersomnia, 972 inadequate sleep hygiene, Kleine Levin syndrome, 972 narcolepsy, OAHS, periodic hypersomnia, 972 idiopathic clinical features of, 972 with long sleep time, 842 management of, of central origin, periodic, clinical features of, 972 with psychiatric disorders, I ICD 10 CM. See International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, Clinical Modification (ICD 10 CM). ICSD 2. See International Classification for Sleep Disorders, 2nd. edition (ICSD 2). Idiopathic hypersomnia hypersomnia and, clinical features of, 972 with long sleep time, 842 Idiopathic insomnia, Infant(s), sleep in, Inhalant(s), in adolescents, sleep problems and, 940 Insomnia(s), of childhood and adolescence, ASDs and, treatment of, assessment of, attachment and, 983 behavioral insomnias, 840 circadian factors and, consequences of, 1001 cosleeping and, defined, 1001 described, 840, 979

6 1034 Insomnia (continued) environmental factors and, idiopathic insomnia, medical problems and, 982 origins of, parental presence at bedtime and, personality and, 983 precipitating events, prevalence of, 981 psychopathology and, 983 sleep schedule and routine and, 985 sleep-related behaviors and, temperament and, 983 treatment of, cognitive behavior therapy in, 991 considerations in, 1005 described, , general principles in, graduated extinction techniques in, herbal supplements in, 1011 pharmacologic, AEDs, alpha agonists, antidepressants, 1010 antihistamines, antipsychotics, benzodiazepine(s), 1009 benzodiazepine receptor agonists, consensus guidelines for, melatonin, safety considerations in, 1004 positive daily and bedtime routines in, relaxation in, 991 sleep education in, 987 sleep hygiene in, sleep restriction in, 991 sleep scheduling in, 989 stimulus control in, International Classification for Sleep Disorders, 2nd. edition (ICSD 2), 839 International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, Clinical Modification (ICD 10 CM), on sleep disorders, 839 Interview(s), clinical, in screening and evaluation of sleep disorders, J Jet lag disorder, 843 Johnson v. Kokemoor, 1024 K Kleine-Levin syndrome, 842 hypersomnia and, clinical features of, 972

7 1035 L Liability(ies), for health care providers, civil-related, Long sleep time, idiopathic hypersomnia with, 842 M Major depressive disorder, sleep disturbances and, relationship between, 974 Marijuana, in adolescents, sleep problems and, 938 Mayo Clinic, 1024 Medicare and Medicaid Anti Fraud statute, Medicolegal issues, in pediatric sleep medicine, See also Pediatric sleep medicine, medicolegal issues in. Melatonin, in insomnias management, Methamphetamine, in adolescents, sleep problems and, 939 3,3-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, in adolescents, sleep problems and, 939 Middle childhood, sleep in, Minor(s), consent for, medicolegal issues related to, 1022 Mood-related sleep problems, assessment of, depression-related, See also Depression-related sleep problems. treatment of, advancing bed and wake time in, 909 behavioral therapy in, 908 cognitive reframing in, 908 nonpharmacologic, pharmacologic, relaxation therapy in, 908 sleep hygiene in, sleep restriction in, stimulus control in, 908 Movement disorders, bruxism, periodic limb movement disorder, restless less syndrome, sleep-related, , types of, Multiple defendants, theory of, 1021 N Narcolepsy, 819, 841 hypersomnia and, clinical features of, with cataplexy, 842 without cataplexy, 842 National Sleep Foundation, Sleep in America Poll of, 813 Neurocognition, sleep disruption effects on, See also Sleep disruption, neurocognitive effects of. Nightmares, sleep disturbance due to, Nocturnal activity, ADHD and, 865 Nosology,

8 1036 O OAHS. See Obstructive apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OAHS). Obstructive apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OAHS), hypersomnia and, clinical features of, Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), 841 EDS and, 828 Opioid analgesics, in adolescents, sleep problems and, 935 OSAS. See Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Overnight sleep study, in screening and evaluation of sleep disorders, Over-the-counter medications, in adolescents, sleep problems and, P Parasomnia(s), 844, as psychologic and physiologic phenomena, causes of, defined, 947 diagnosis of, 949 during specific sleep stages, 948 enuresis, rapid eye movement sleep, sleeptalking, 959 treatment of, 949 triggers of, 948 Parental factors, in sleep development, See also Sleep development, family and cultural influences on. Pediatric sleep medicine, medicolegal issues in, civil liability for health care providers, clinical innovation defense, theory of, 1020 consent for minors, 1022 contributory fault of patient, theory of, Good Samaritan Act, theory of, 1020 health care fraud as result of quality of care violations, minimizing legal risks, 1021 multiple defendants, theory of, 1021 overview of, 1018 practice guidelines as affirmative defense, 1020 underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis of sleep problems, Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), in screening and evaluation of sleep disorders, 831 Periodic hypersomnia, clinical features of, 972 Periodic limb movement(s), sleep disruption and, 818 Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), , Persistent primary snoring, 841 Personality, insomnias of childhood and adolescence related to, 983 PLMD. See Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). Polysomnography (PSG) laboratory-based, in sleep assessment, of ASD related sleep disorders, 921 of sleep problems and depressive disorders, Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

9 1037 in young children, criteria for, 878 sleep disturbance due to, described, treatment implications, sleep physiology effects of, PSG. See Polysomnography (PSG). PSQ. See Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). Psychiatric disorders ADHD and, sleep in children with, 869 hypersomnia with, See also Hypersomnia(s). sleep disturbances and, Psychopathology, insomnias of childhood and adolescence related to, 983 PTSD. See Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Q Quality of care, violations of, health care fraud resulting from, legal issues related to, R Rapid eye movement behavior disorder, Rapid eye movement sleep parasomnias, nightmares, rapid eye movement behavior disorder, Referral process, in screening and evaluation of sleep disorders, 833 Relaxation, in insomnias management, 991 Relaxation therapy, in mood related sleep problems management, 908 Restless legs syndrome, 843, ADHD and, 868 sleep disruption and, 818 S School(s), sleep screening results in, SDB. See Sleep disordered breathing (SDB). SDIS. See Sleep Disorders Inventory for Students (SDIS). SDIS C. See Sleep Disorders Inventory for Students Children s Form (SDIS C). Sedative(s), in adolescents, sleep problems and, 937 Sleep ADHD effects on, See also Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sleep characteristics of children and adolescents with. psychiatric comorbidities and, 869 ADHD medications effects on, assessment of, actigraphy in, 800, 899, 985 laboratory based PSG in, , , 921 defined, 799 described, 849 EBSD and objective reports of, research on, 903 subjective reports of, research on, treatment of, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic, research on,

10 1038 Sleep (continued) fragmentation of, symptoms of, in adolescents, in context of family bonds, in infants, in middle childhood, in toddlers, 802 insufficient, described, neurobiology of ASDs and, 918 normal, cultural effects on, 814 described, 814 physiology of abuse and, PTSD and, substance use and abuse in adolescents effects on, Sleep architecture, ADHD effects on, Sleep development, family and cultural influences on, bedtime behavior and practices, described, setting and sleeping arrangement, sleep patterns, Sleep disorders. See also Sleep disruptions; Sleep problems. ADHD and factors affecting, prevalence of, ASDs and, See also Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), sleep problems associated with. circadian rhyth mrelated, classification of, classification systems for, 839 daytime functioning effects of, DSM-IV on, depressive symptoms and, 896 DSM-IV TR on, 839 epidemiology of, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, hypersomnias of central origin, insomnias, parasomnias, 844 sleep-related breathing disorders, 841 sleep-related movement disorders, medicolegal issues related to, See also Pediatric sleep medicine, medicolegal issues in. psychiatric disorders and, screening and evaluation of, BEARS in, 828 clinical interview in, CSHQ in, in schools, overnight sleep study in,

11 phase I screening in, phase II screening, PSQ in, 831 referral process in, 833 SDIS in, TISS in, Sleep Disorders Inventory for Students (SDIS), in screening and evaluation of sleep disorders, Sleep Disorders Inventory for Students Children s Form (SDIS-C), 826 Sleep disruptions. See also Sleep disorders; Sleep problems. ADHD and, 865 anxiety and, depressive symptoms and, major depressive disorder and, relationship between, 974 neurocognitive effects of, See also Sleep. narcolepsy, 819 periodic limb movements, 818 restless legs syndrome, 818 SDB, similarity among, symptoms of, nightmares and, prevalence of, 813, 893 PTSD and, See also Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sleep disturbance due to. trauma and, 879 treatment of, 819 Sleep disturbances. See Sleep disruptions. Sleep education, in insomnias management, 987 Sleep hygiene in ASD related sleep disorders management, 922 in insomnias management, in mood related sleep problems management, inadequate, hypersomnia and, clinical features of, poor, Sleep in America Poll, of National Sleep Foundation, 813 Sleep logs, in insomnias evaluation, Sleep patterns ADHD and, 865 in ASDs, influence on sleep development, Sleep problems. See also Sleep disorders; Sleep disruptions. bipolar disorder related, See also Early-onset bipolar spectrum disorders (EBSD). depression related, mood related, See also Mood-related sleep problems. substance use and abuse in adolescents and. See also Substance use and abuse, in adolescents. suicide and, 896 underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis of, medicolegal issues related to, Sleep questionnaires, in insomnias evaluation,

12 1040 Sleep restriction in insomnias management, 991 in mood-related sleep problems management, Sleep schedule (routine) in insomnias management, 989 insomnias of childhood and adolescence related to, 985 Sleep setting, influence on sleep development, Sleep terrors, 951 Sleepdisordered breathing (SDB), ADHD and, 817, aggressive behaviors and, 817 cognitive dysfunction and, conduct disorder and, 817 Sleepiness, daytime, See also Daytime sleepiness; Hypersomnia(s). Sleeping arrangement, influence on sleep development, Sleep-related behaviors, insomnias of childhood and adolescence related to, Sleep-related breathing disorders, 841 Sleep-related movement disorders, Sleeptalking, 959 Sleepwalking, 949, 951 Smoking, tobacco, in adolescents, sleep problems and, Snoring, persistent primary, 841 Spectral, EEG, of sleep and depressive problems, Steroid(s), anabolic, in adolescents, sleep problems and, 940 Stimulant(s), prescription, in adolescents, sleep problems and, Stimulus control in insomnias management, in mood-related sleep problems management, 908 Substance abuse, in adolescents, sleep problems and, See also Substance use and abuse, in adolescents, sleep problems and. Substance use and abuse, in adolescents, sleep problems and, alcohol, caffeine, 934 described, illicit drugs, prescription medications, prevalence of, recommendations for, smoking, Suicide, sleep problems and, 896 Supreme Court of Wisconsin, 1024 T Temperament, insomnias of childhood and adolescence related to, 983 Ten Item Sleep Screener (TISS), in screening and evaluation of sleep disorders, Terror(s), sleep, 951 TISS. See Ten Item Sleep Screener (TISS). Tobacco smoking, in adolescents, sleep problems and, Toddler(s), sleep in, 802 Tranquilizer(s), in adolescents, sleep problems and, 937

13 1041 Trauma in context of family bonds, sleep disturbance due to, 879 treatment implications, U United States ex rel. Aranda v. Cmty. Psychiatric Ctrs. of Oklahoma, 1023 United States ex rel. Mikes v. Strauss, 1023 United States v. NHC Health Care Corp., 1023 Upper airway resistance syndrome, 841 W Wake time, advancing, in mood-related sleep problems management, 909 Well Child Checks, 827