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1 !"#$%!"#$%&'() N N!"#$%&'()! N!"Eíê~åëÅê~åá~ä=ã~ÖåÉíáÅ=ëíáãìä~íáçåI=qjpF%45(67!"#$%&'()*+,-./*+0123!"45678!"'9:!"-;<!"=>?078!!"#$%&'()*+,-./ "9:;<=>?;@ABCDEF=>)*+!Eéä~ëíáÅáíóF45)6789:;<45=>)>?67@ :/0;<=>?@ABCD,EFGHIJ =2005; 17(Suppl 3):53-58!!"#$%&'()#*+,-!"#$%&'!"()*+,-./!"#$%E^åíçåó=_~êâÉêF NVUR xnz!"#$%&'()eíê~åëåê~åá~ä=éäéåj íêáå=ëíáãìä~íáçåi=qbpf!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'()*+,-.$/01!"#$%&'()*+,-./0'1!"#!#$%& #'()*+xoj Qz!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+,-#. /!"#$%&'()*+,-Eëíáãìä~íáçå=ÅçáäF!"#$%&'()*+,-./(,-0!"#$%&'()*+,-./%01 EÉÇÇó=ÅìêêÉåíF!"#$%&'()*+,-.!"#$%&'()*+,-.$/012!"#$%&'()*+,-E NF!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#!$%&'()*+$$,-./0!"#$%&'()*+,-./!0%,!"#$%&'()*+,-"#.xRz!"#$%&'()*+$%,-.!!"#!$%&'()*$+,-./0!"#$%&'()*+%&,-./01 EáåíÉêåÉìêçåF!"#$%&'()Eéóê~J ãáç~ä=åéääf!"#$%&'()#$*+,-!"#$%&'()*+,-. P TMT!"#$%&'()!" Tzu Chi Med J (Suppl 3)! RP

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4 !"#$%&'()* ã~ééáåö!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123!"#$% &E!"#F!"#!"#$%&'()*+EÑìåÅíáçå~ä=jofF!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123 Eã~ÖåÉíçÉåÅÉéÜ~äçÖê~éÜóF!"#$ ã~ééáåö!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#$%&'()*+,-"./012!"#$%&'()*+,-./01'(!"#$%&'(')*+,-./012!"#$%&'()*+,-./012 xpmz!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"!"#$%&'()*+,!-."#!"#$%&'()*+,-./012!"#$%&'()*+,-./ 012!"#$%&'()*+ OJQ!"#!"#$%&'()*+,-./012!"#$EoÉéÉíáíáîÉ=qjpF!"!"# $%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'()*!"+,-.'!!"#$ MKOJN=eò!"#$%&'(!" OJQ!"#$%&'()*+!"#$% RM=eò!"#$%&'(!" #$%&'()*+,-./012!"#$%&'()#*+,-./012!"#$%&' ()*+,-./012!"#$%&'( )*+,-./ 0!"#$%&'()*+,-+$%.!"#$%&N=eò!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()*!"+,-./01 NMJOM= eò!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&'( xpnjppz!"#$!"#$%&'()*+,-. /012!"#$%&'()*+,-%./#0!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123!"#$%&'()*+,-./%012 RS!!"#$%&'(Eëóå~éëÉF!"#$ EäçåÖ=íÉêã=éçíÉåíá~íáçåF!"#$%EäçåÖ=íÉêã ÇÉéêÉëëáçåF!"#$%&'()*+,-./!"#$%&'()*+,-./01()!"#$!!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#$%&'()*+,-./ 012!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123!"#$%&'()*+,-*./012!" #$% &'()*+,-./01!"#$%&'() t~ç~!"#$!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#$%&'()*+ QMB!"!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123 xpqjpsz!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'()*+,-./012!"# $%&'(#)*+,-./01!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123!"#$%&'()*+,-./+012!"#$%&'()*+,-.$/,01!"#$%&'( )*+,-./0!"#$%&'()xPTIPUz!"#$!"#$% &'()*+,-(./01!"#$%&'()*+,-./#012!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123!EÑçÅ~ä=Çóëíçåá~F!EíáÅëF!"#!"#$xPVIQMz!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'()*+,-./0 EãóçÅäçåìëFxQNIQOz!"#$%&'()*!+!"#$%&'()*+,-.,/01!"# $$%&'()*&+'(,-.!"#$%&'(!")*+,-.!"#$%&'()&*+",-./!"#$%&'()*EåÉÖäÉÅíF!"!"#$"%&'()*+,-./012!"#$%&'()*+,-./ 012!"#$%&'()*+xQPz!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#$%&'()*+, Tzu Chi Med J (Suppl 3)

5 !"#$%!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$"%&'()$"&'*+$"%!"#$%&!'()*+,-./!"#$%&'()*+,-./01)!"#$%&'()*"#+,-./0!"#$%&'()*+,-./#$0& EÇÉÉé=Äê~áå=ëíáãìä~íáçåF!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+,-!./01! 1. Barker AT, Jalinous R, Freeston IL: Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex. Lancet 1985; 1: Mills KR: Magnetic stimulation of the human nervous system. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Pascual-Leone A, Davey N, Wassermann EM, Rothwell J, Puri BK: Handbook of transcranial magnetic stimulation. London: Arnold, Walsh V, Pascual-Leone A: Neurochronometrics of mind: TMS in cognitive science. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press Abdeen MA, Stuchly MA: Modeling of magnetic field stimulation of bent neurons. IEEE TransBiomed Eng 1994; 41: Edgley SA, Eyre JA, Lemon RN, Miller S: Comparison of activation of corticospinal neurons and spinal motor neurons by magnetic and electrical transcranial stimulation in the lumbosacral cord of the anaesthetized monkey. Brain 1997; 120: Rossini PM, Barker AT, Berardelli A, et al: Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: Basic principles and procedures for routine clinical application: Report of an IFCN committee. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1994; 91: Ziemann U, Lonnecker S, Steinhoff BJ, Paulus W: Effects of antiepileptic drugs on motor cortex excitability in humans: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Ann Neurol 1996; 40: Davey NJ, Smith HC, Wells E, et al: Responses of thenar muscles to transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in patients with incompletes pinal cord injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 65: Chistyakov AV, Soustiel JF, Hafner H, Trubnik M, Levy G, Feinsod M: Excitatory and inhibitory corticospinal responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with minor to moderate head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001; 70: Boniface SJ, Mills KR, Schubert M: Responses of single spinal motoneurons to magnetic brain stimulation in healthy subjects and patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain 1991; 114: Boniface SJ, Schubert M, Mills KR: Suppression and long latency excitation of single spinal motoneurons by transcranial magnetic stimulation in health, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Muscle Nerve 1994; 17: Hanajima R, Ugawa Y: Impaired motor cortex inhibition in patients with ALS: Evidence from paired transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology 1998; 51: Desiato MT, Palmieri MG, Giacomini P, Scalise A, Arciprete F, Caramia MD: The effect of riluzole inamyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A study with cortical stimulation. J Neurol Sci 1999; 169: Aurora SK, Ahmad BK, Welch KM, Bhardhwaj P, Ramadan NM: Transcranial magnetic stimulation confirms hyperexcitability of occipital cortex in migraine. Neurology 1998; 50: Mulleners WM, Chronicle EP, Palmer JE, Koehler PJ, Vredeveld JW: Visual cortex excitabilityin migraine with and without aura. Headache 2001; 41: Hess CW, Mills KR, Murray NM, Schriefer TN: Magnetic brain stimulation: Central motor conduction studies in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol1987; 22: De Noordhout AM, Myressiotis S, Delvaux V, Born JD, Delwaide PJ: Motor and somatosensory evoked potentials in cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1998; 108: Mills KR, Nithi KA: Corticomotor threshold is reduced in early sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 1997; 20: Escudero JV, Sancho J, Bautista D, Escudero M, Lopez- Trigo J: Prognostic value of motor evoked potential obtained by transcranial magnetic brain stimulation in motor function recovery in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 1998; 29: Rossini PM: Is transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex a prognostic tool for motor recovery after stroke? Stroke 2000; 31: Triggs WJ, Macdonell RA, Cros D, Chiappa KH, Shahani BT, Day BJ: Motor inhibition and excitationare independent effects of magnetic cortical stimulation. Ann Neurol 1992; 32: Ridding MC, Sheean G, Rothwell JC, Inzelberg R, Kujirai T: Changes in the balance between motor cortical excitation and inhibition in focal, task specific dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995; 59: Rona S, Berardelli A, Vacca L, Inghilleri M, Manfredi M: Alterations of motor cortical inhibitionin patients with dystonia. Mov Disord 1998; 13: Ridding MC, Inzelberg R, Rothwell JC: Changes in excitability of motor cortical circuitry in patients with Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1995; 37: Caramia MD, Palmieri MG, Desiato MT, et al: Pharmacologic reversal of cortical hyperexcitability in patients with ALS. Neurology 2000; 54: Classen J, Schnitzler A, Binkofski F, et al: The motor syndrome associated with exaggerated inhibition within Tzu Chi Med J (Suppl 3)! RT

6 the primary motor cortex of patients with hemiparetic. Brain 1997; 120: Kujirai T, Caramia MD, Rothwell JC, et al: Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex. J Physiol 1993; 471: Ziemann U, Rothwell JC, Ridding MC: Interaction between intracortical inhibition and facilitation inhuman motor cortex. J Physiol 1996; 496: Thompson PD, Day BL, Crockard HA, et al: Intra-operative recording of motor tract potentials atthe cervicomedullary junction following scalp electrical and magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991; 54: Pascual-Leone A, Tormos JM, Keenan J, Tarazona F, Canete C, Catala MD: Study and modulation ofhuman cortical excitability with transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Clin Neurophysiol 1998; 15: Siebner HR, Willoch F, Peller M, et al: Imaging brainactivation induced by long trains of repetitivetranscranial magnetic stimulation. Neuroreport 1998; 9: Fox P, Ingham R, George MS, et al: Imaging humanintracerebral connectivity by PET during TMS. Neuroreport 1997; 8: George MS, Nahas Z, Molloy M, et al: A controlledtrial of daily left prefrontal cortex TMS for treatingdepression. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 48: Figiel GS, Epstein C, McDonald WM, et al: The use of rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms) in refractory depressed patients. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998; 10: Hasey G: Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of mood disorder: A review and comparison with electroconvulsive therapy. Can J Psychiatry 2001; 46: Ghabra MB, Hallett M, Wassermann EM: Simultaneous repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation does not speed fine movement in PD. Neurology 1999; 52: Tergau F, Wassermann EM, Paulus W, Ziemann U: Lack of clinical improvement in patients with Parkinson's disease after low and high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1999; 51(Suppl): Ziemann U, Paulus W, Rothenberger A: Decreased motor inhibition in Tourette's disorder: Evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154: Karp BI, Wassermann EM, Porters S, Hallett M: Transcranial magnetic stimulation acutely decreases motor tics. Neurology 1997; 48:A Menkes DL, Gruenthal M: Slow-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in a patient with focal cortical dysplasia. Epilepsia 2000; 41: Wedegaertner FR, Garvey MA, Cohen LG, Wassermann EM, Clark K, Hallett M: Lowfrequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can reduce action myoclonus. Neurology 1997; 48:A Oliveri M, Bisiach E, Brighina F, et al: rtms of the unaffected hemisphere transiently reduces contralesional visuospatial hemineglect. Neurology 2001; 57: RU! Tzu Chi Med J (Suppl 3)

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