TITLE. 3.5 Occupational Health. Prepared by:

Transcription

1 PART 3: SHE ELEMENTS TITLE 3.5 Occupational Health Prepared by:

2 Learning Objectives To define what is occupational health and occupational disease. To identify the route of entries and the target organ. To elaborate the four (4) medium of occupational disease and its causes. To describe the occupational disease.

3 Occupational Health The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations by preventing departures from health, controlling risks and the adaptation of work to people, and people to their jobs. (ILO / WHO 1950)

4 Occupational Health Focus On: Promotion Concept And Prevention Prevention Occupational Health Disease Work Accident Promotion Workplace s Factors - Hazard - Working environment - Work equipment, machine and etc Lifestyle/habit: - Smoking - Alcohol and drug abuse - Hobby

5 Work Health Service Objective 1.Identify and control hazard, giving early treatment 2.Educate management and employee for mutual answer for health issue and security. 3. Health programme promotion healthy lifestyle World Health Organization

6 Anatomy And Physiology Introduction Heart Lungs Skin Nerve s system Bladder Blood s system Liver Reproductive s system Musculoskeletal

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8 Occupational Related Disease s Concepts Work was the cause & is a contributory factor. Existing work cause more serious disease. The work paved the way to exposure to hazardous materials.

9 Occupational Disease disease caused by job: a disease that is directly caused by the conditions of somebody's work.

10 Common Health Conditions Associated With Occupational Exposure CONDITION SELECTED EXPOSURES SELECTED OCCUPATIONS MUSCULOSKELETAL Carpal Tunnel Syndrome De Quervain s tendinitis Cervical strain Thoracic Outlet Syndrome RESPIRATORY Interstitial Fibrosis Asthma (Occupational Asthma) Repetition vibration awkward postures cold temperature Repetition High force Static posture Static posture, repetition Asbestos Silica Coal Animal products Plant products Wood Dust Isocyanates Metal (eg. Cobalt) Cutting oils Irritants (eg. Sulfur dioxides) Letter sorting Assembly work Computer work Food processing Meatpacking Manufacturing Computer work Assembly work Mining, construction trades Building maintenance Mining, foundry work, Sandblasting Mining Laboratory Work Baking Furniture making Plastic manufacturing Hard metals manufacturing Machine operation Various Occupations

11 Bronchitis Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Upper airway irritation NEUROLOGIC Chronic encephalopathy Peripheral polyneuropathy Hearing loss INFECTIOUS Blood borne infections Airborne infections Infections transmitted fecally or orally Zoonoses Acids Smoke Nitrogen oxides Moldy hay Oil Indoor air pollution (sick building syndrome) Organic Solvents Organophosphate pesticides Lead Organophosphate pesticides Methyl butyl ketone Noise HIV, Hepatitis Tuberculosis Hepatitis A Lyme disease Plating Firefighting Welding Farming Machine operations Office work teaching Painting, automobile body repair Pesticide application Bridge work, painting, radiator repair, metal recycling Pesticide application Fabric coating Many occupations Health care work, prison work Health care work, prison work Health care work, animal care Forestry and other outdoor work

12 CANCER Lung Liver Bladder Asbestos Chromium coal tar, pitch Vinyl chloride Benzidine Construction trades Welding, plating Steelworking Plastic manufacturing Plastics and chemical manufacturing SKIN Contact dermatitis Organic solvents Nickel Latex Many occupations Hairdressing Health care work CARDIOVASCULAR Coronary artery disease Carbon monoxide Stress Working with combustion products Machine-paced work

13 GASTROINTESTINAL Hepatitis Polychlorinated biphenyls Electrical equipment manufacturing and repair REPRODUCTIVE Spontaneous abortion Sperm abnormalities Birth defects Developmental abnormalities Ethylene oxide Dibromochloropropane Ionizing radiation Lead Sterilizing Pesticide manufacturing Radiographic technicians Bridge work, metal recycling

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16 What Is Asbestos? Generic name given to six fibrous minerals that have been used in commercial products: chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite asbestos, tremolite asbestos, and actinolite asbestos Only chrysotile (serpentine) and crocidolite and amosite (amphiboles) big commercial products, though tremolite contaminates most.

17 Asbestos

18 Sample List of Suspect Asbestos- Containing Materials Cement Pipes Cement Wallboard Cement Siding Asphalt Floor Tile Vinyl Floor Tile Vinyl Sheet Flooring Flooring Backing Construction Mastics (floor tile, carpet, ceiling tile, etc.) Acoustical Plaster Decorative Plaster Textured Paints/Coatings Ceiling Tiles and Lay-in Panels Spray-Applied Insulation Blown-in Insulation Fireproofing Materials Taping Compounds (thermal) Packing Materials (for wall/floor penetrations) High Temperature Gaskets Laboratory Hoods/Table Tops Laboratory Gloves Fire Blankets Fire Curtains Elevator Equipment Panels Elevator Brake Shoes HVAC Duct Insulation Boiler Insulation Breaching Insulation Ductwork Flexible Fabric Connections Cooling Towers Pipe Insulation (corrugated air-cell, block, etc.) Heating and Electrical Ducts Electrical Panel Partitions Electrical Cloth Electric Wiring Insulation Chalkboards Roofing Shingles Roofing Felt Base Flashing Thermal Paper Products Fire Doors Caulking/Putties Adhesives Wallboard Joint Compounds Vinyl Wall Coverings Spackling Compounds Source: EPA Region

19 Asbestosis Asbestos inhalation can cause Asbestosis, a scarring of the lungs that leads to breathing problems and heart failure. Workers who manufacture or use asbestos products and have high exposures to asbestos are often affected with Asbestosis.

20 Mesothelioma Asbestos inhalation can also cause Mesothelioma, a rare cancer of the lining of the chest and abdomen lining. It may be linked to cancer of the stomach, intestines, and rectum, as well.

21 Skin Disease: Causes Of Occupational Skin Disease Chemical (Organic Solvent) Mechanical Friction, punctures, irritation Physical Heat, cold, radiation Biological Bacteria, fungi, viruses, & parasites. Animal breeders, vets, horticulturists, bakers, bricklayers, etc. are all possible victims of biological

22 Causes Of Occupational Skin Disease Predisposing Factors Age & experience Skin type Sweating Gender Seasons and humidity Allergy Personal hygiene Preexisting skin disease

23 Classification Of Occupational Skin Disease Latex allergy Caused by latex rubber products It is an immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated hypersensitivity to proteins. Photosensitivity Certain chemicals or organisms are stimulated to activity by light Occupational acne Contact with petroleum and its derivatives (cutting oils) or certain halogenated hydrocarbons (chloracne) Coal tars, & pitch produce extensive acne

24 Classification Of Occupational Skin Disease Pigmentary abnormalities Exposure to chemicals, physical & biological agents Hyperpigmentation Skin darkening Coal tar, pitch, plant & drug photosensitizers; ultraviolet light, radiation; certain chemicals such as arsenic Hypopigmentation Pigment or color loss Physical or chemical damage to skin from thermal, ultraviolet, radiation or chemical burns

25 Classification Of Occupational Skin Disease Sweat-induced reactions Miliaria and intertrigo Prickly heat or heat rash. Cutaneous tumors Neoplastic growths can be benign lesions, precancers, or cancers Ulcerations Caused by trauma, thermal or chemical burns, cutaneous infections Granulomas Cause by bacteria (anthrax), viral (herpes simplex), parasitic (protothecosis), botanical (thorns)

26 Classification Of Occupational Skin Disease Alopecia Absence of hair Caused by trauma, cutaneous and systemic disease, drugs, chemicals, ionizing radiation Nail disease Paronychia Inflammation of fingernail tissue Nail discoloration from exposure to chemicals; nail dystrophy from exposure to chemicals Solvents

27 Classification Of Occupational Skin Disease Burns Types of burns include explosion, steam, hot-water, molten metal, hot-solid, flame, and electricity and radiant energy. Classified as: First-degree Second-degree Third-degree

28 Classification Of Occupational Skin Disease Diagnosis Following criteria are used Appearance of lesion Sites of involvement History & course of disease Ancillary/additional diagnostic tests Treatment

29 Occupational Contact Dermatitis

30 Prevention & Control Environment Planning Process Control Selection of Materials Monitoring & Control Technology Sampling procedures Good housekeeping Personal Cleanliness Prevention of contact Barrier creams

31 Prevention & Control Personal Protective Equipment Protective clothing Fabrics Gloves Safety

32 A Mediums Of Occupational Disease 1. AIR The spread of microorganism via air occurs mainly with respiratory diseases, due to small droplets created while coughing or sneezing. E.g. cold ~ overcrowding & lack of ventilation in confined space contribute) 2. SOIL

33 A Mediums Of Occupational Disease 3. WATER Spread of fecal bacteria from an infected person via water - E.g. cholera Contaminated water supply ~ large number of people drinking the water can fall ill The person become dehydrated and may even die ~ unless treatment is given to replace the body loss A number of other bacteria and viruses in drinking water can also caused diarrheal disease ~ are responsible for the high child mortality rates in developing countries.

34 A Mediums Of Occupational Disease 4. FOOD Important medium for growth of bacteria Minimal infectious dose ~ the number of bacteria (or viruses, parasites) required to cause a specific disease in an individual Exposures below this dose will not result in an infection The growth of bacteria in food depend on three factors Types of foodstuff The ability of the bacteria to grow in this foodstuff The temperature Storing food below 4 o C or above 60 o C will slow the growth of bacteria Ideally, the refrigerator should be keep at 4 o C all times

35 Toxicity of Exposures Most chemicals can cause both acute and chronic toxicity depending on the conditions of exposure. The adverse health effects caused by the chemical in the two types of toxicity are often quite different. Acute Chronic Routes of Exposure:????