Metasta&c Breast Cancer 2018
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1 Metasta&c Breast Cancer 2018 November 2, 2018 Douglas W. Blayney, MD Professor of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford Cancer Ins&tute 1
2 Disclosures Research support to Stanford Amgen BeyondSpring Pharma Equity Madorra Artelo Consul&ng Apobiologix, Mylan, Heron, Tersera, CEARE No off-label discussion
3 Topics for today Breast Cancer Metastases How and where Treatment Pallia&ve care Chemotherapy Endocrine therapy Other Targets Her2, Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4,6, Mtor, etc. Others Special circumstances Immune therapy Radia&on Surgery End of life care 3
4 4
5 5
6 How is the Diagnosis of Metasta&c Breast Cancer Made? Biopsy 6
7 Topics for today Breast Cancer Metastases How and where Treatment Pallia&ve care Chemotherapy Endocrine therapy Other Targets Her2, Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4,6, Mtor, etc. Others Special circumstances Immune therapy Radia&on Surgery End of life care 7
8 A palliative approach can help Palliative Diagnosis Development of a treatment plan Active treatment End of Life Care Curative Remission / Survivorship
9 Early palliative care improves quality of life FACT-L Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy: Lung LCS Lung Cancer Subscale TOI Trial Outcome Index Temel et al. NEJM, 2010
10 Median survival 11.6 months Palliative care improves survival Median survival 8.9 months P =.02 Temel et al. NEJM, 2010
11 Pallia&ve care vs. Hospice
12 Walking with you
13 Topics for today Breast Cancer Metastases How and where Treatment Pallia&ve care Chemotherapy Endocrine therapy Other Targets Her2, Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4,6, Mtor, etc. Others Special circumstances Immune therapy Radia&on Surgery End of life care 13
14 Chemotherapy Anthracyclines Doxorubicin Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin Taxanes Paclitaxel An&metabolites Capecitabine Gemcitabine Other single agents Cyclophosphamide Carbopla&n/cisPla&n Docetaxel Albumin-bound paclitaxel Epirubicin Ixabepilone 14
15 Topics for today Breast Cancer Metastases How and where Treatment Pallia&ve care Chemotherapy Endocrine therapy Other Targets Her2, Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4,6, Mtor, etc. Others Special circumstances Immune therapy Radia&on Surgery End of life care 15
16 Important subsets of breast cancers defined by molecular markers and by clinical treatment options Breast cancer is a family of diseases, not one disease. ER+ All Breast Cancer HER2+ Basaloid 16
17 Estrogen Receptor 17
18 Hormonal Treatment of Advanced Breast Cancer GNRH agonists (A) Premenopausal LH FSH Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Tamoxifen Fulvestrant Aromotase Inhibitors Anastrozole Letrozole Examustane (B) Postmenopausal Antiestrogen Breast carcinoma Breast carcinoma Antiestrogen Adapted with permission from Tellez C, et al. Surg Oncol Clin North Am. 1995;4: Estrogen Ovary Adrenal Estrogen Androstenedione Aromatase inhibitor GNRH = Gonadotropin-releasing hormone; LH = Luteinizing hormone; FSH = Follicle-stimulating hormone. Peripheral aromatization
19 The Role of Aromatase in Estrogen Biosynthesis and Tumor Growth Adrenal gland Peripheral tissues Aromatase Aromatase = Estrogen = Androstenedione Receptor Tumor Postmenopausal women
20 40% 30% 25% 1 st Line 2 nd Line 3 rd Line Sequential hormone therapy Optimimum sequence not defined, often paired with CDK4-6 inhibotor, or Mtor inhibitor Patients with Disease Progression on One Hormone Therapy May Respond to Another Hormone Therapy Duration of first Chemotherapy hormonal response predicts probability of second anti-hormone response 15% 4 th Line Bavior C et al. Ann Oncol. 2012, Epub Feb 8; Osborne Ck, Schiff R. Ann Res Med.2011;62:
21 Management of ER+ Metastatic Breast Cancer Post-menopausal Serial anti-hormone maneuvers Aromatase inhibitor (AI) SERM/D + CK4-6 inhibitor Everolimus (MTor inhibitor)+ AI Steroidal AI if prior non-steroidal AI (e.g. examustane) Estrogens Androgen 21
22 Topics for today Breast Cancer Metastases How and where Treatment Pallia&ve care Chemotherapy Endocrine therapy Other Targets Her2, Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4,6, MTor, etc. Others Special circumstances Immune therapy Radia&on Surgery End of life care 22
23 What is Targeted Therapy? Well-defined molecular target Target is correlated with biology Target measurable in the clinic Target correlated with therapeu&c effect 23
24 Targeted Therapies for HER2+ Trastuzumab Breast Cancer: Trastuzumab, Lapatinib, Pertuzumab and T-DM1 Trastuzumab Lapatinib Her-2 pathway ado-trastuzumab emantasine Lapatinib T-DM1 Neratinib Antibody: Trastuzumab P P P HER2 Cytotoxic: DM1 Stable linker: MCC Emtansine P P Inhibition of microtubule polymerization Emtansine release Lysosome P Internalization Nucleus Adapted from LoRusso PM, et al. Clin Cancer Res 2011; Spector NL, Blackwell KL. J Clin Oncol 2009; Nelson MH, et al. Ann Pharmacother 2006; Lewis Phillips GD, et al. Cancer Res
25 Trastuzumab AC TH % AC T 87% 75% OVERALL SURVIVAL HR (95%CI) AC T AC TH 0.67 ( ) log-rank P % HR=0.48, 2P=3x % Years From Randomization B31/N9831 Romond, et al., New England Journal of Medicine (2005).
26
27 TCGA Significantly Mutated Genes (First 507 Cases) (FDR<0.15) SMGs with FDR<0.15 by at least two tests (Fisher s, LR, or Convolution) 27 Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Nature Oct 4;490(7418):61-70.
28 Multiple genetic mutations can A Model for Breast Cancer Development over Molecular Time accumulate between carcinogenic event and detection Which are the driver mutations? Which are the passenger mutations? Nik-Zainal, et al., Cell 149, , May 25,
29 Breast Cancer: Subtypes Reflect Genomic Complexity SMART CANCERS STUPID CANCERS Genome-wide Circos plots of somatic rearrangements Stephens, PJ et al. Nature 462: , Stanford Cancer Center 29
30 The Orphan Disease Era A myriad of rare diseases Many genomic drivers IT-driven Complex biology Uncertain therapeu&cs Phase III trials difficult Courtesy George Sledge, Jr, M.D. 30
31 Triple negative breast cancer: Genetic chaos More neo-antigens at cell surface (immunotherapy targets) More Shah, S potential et al. Nature 2012 pathway targets 31
32 Topics for today Breast Cancer Metastases How and where Treatment Pallia&ve care Chemotherapy Endocrine therapy Other Targets Her2, Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4,6, Mtor, etc. Others Special circumstances Immune therapy Radia&on Surgery End of life care 32
33 T Cell Aeacking a Cancer Cell Why Doesn t the Immune System do it s Job? 33
34 Mechanism of Action: Ipilimumab releases the CTLA-4 brake on T-cells Jim Allison M.D. Anderson Brunet,..., Golstein, Nature 1978: A new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily CTLA-4 34 Ledford H. Nature. 2014;508(7494):24-6.
35 Co-s&mulatory and co-inhibitory molecules Stanford Hospital and Clinics & Stanford School of Medicine Business Confiden6al 35
36 Anti-PD-1 is superior to and better tolerated than anti-ctla4 (melanoma) Ledford H. Nature. 2014;508(7494):24-6. Robert C, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(26): Stanford Cancer Center 36
37 Organs Affected by Immune Checkpoint Blockade Michael A. Postow, M.D., Robert Sidlow, M.D., and Matthew D. Hellmann, M.D. N Engl J Med Volume 378(2): January 11, 2018 Postow MA et al. N Engl J Med 2018;378: Stanford Cancer Center 37
38 Topics for today Breast Cancer Metastases How and where Treatment Pallia&ve care Chemotherapy Endocrine therapy Other Targets Her2, Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4,6, Mtor, etc. Others Special circumstances Immune therapy Radia&on Surgery End of life care 38
39 Taylor, et al. Int J. Rad Bio Phys 69: , 2007
40 Topics for today Breast Cancer Metastases How and where Treatment Pallia&ve care Chemotherapy Endocrine therapy Other Targets Her2, Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4,6, Mtor, etc. Others Special circumstances Immune therapy Radia&on Surgery End of life care 40
41 Gemci&bine Metastatectomy Courtesy: Brendan Visser, M.D. 41
42 Topics for today Breast Cancer Metastases How and where Treatment Pallia&ve care Chemotherapy Endocrine therapy Other Targets Her2, Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4,6, Mtor, etc. Others Special circumstances Immune therapy Radia&on Surgery End of life care 42
43 Ques&on: Have you spoken to your medical team about end of life care? Who brought it up first? What type of informa&on was conveyed?
44 Ques&on: What scares you most about end of life, about dying?
45 Now that you know what comes to mind The dying process Loss of control How will this affect those I love How will others react Isola&on Meaning
46 Topics for today Breast Cancer Metastases How and where Treatment Pallia&ve care Chemotherapy Endocrine therapy Other Targets Her2, Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4,6, Mtor, etc. Others Special circumstances Immune therapy Radia&on Surgery End of life care 46
47 Thank 47
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