Additional US or DBT after digital mammography: which one is the best combination?

Transcription

1 Additional US or DBT after digital mammography: which one is the best combination? Poster No.: B-0926 Congress: ECR 2015 Type: Authors: Keywords: DOI: Scientific Paper A. Elizalde, P. Garcia Barquin, M. Millor Muruzábal, J. Etxano, P. MARTÍNEZ MIRAVETE, L. J. Pina Insausti, M. Páramo; Pamplona/ES Breast, Ultrasound, Mammography, Diagnostic procedure, Cancer /ecr2015/B-0926 Any information contained in this pdf file is automatically generated from digital material submitted to EPOS by third parties in the form of scientific presentations. References to any names, marks, products, or services of third parties or hypertext links to thirdparty sites or information are provided solely as a convenience to you and do not in any way constitute or imply ECR's endorsement, sponsorship or recommendation of the third party, information, product or service. ECR is not responsible for the content of these pages and does not make any representations regarding the content or accuracy of material in this file. As per copyright regulations, any unauthorised use of the material or parts thereof as well as commercial reproduction or multiple distribution by any traditional or electronically based reproduction/publication method ist strictly prohibited. You agree to defend, indemnify, and hold ECR harmless from and against any and all claims, damages, costs, and expenses, including attorneys' fees, arising from or related to your use of these pages. Please note: Links to movies, ppt slideshows and any other multimedia files are not available in the pdf version of presentations. Page 1 of 17

2 Purpose Introduction Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and the most common cause of death due to cancer in women (1). Mammography is worldwide used as the technique of choice to detect breast cancers. Several trials have demonstrated that mammography can reduce the mortality due to breast cancer up to 30% (2), but some authors do not agree with these results (3). In fact, an important controversy exists regarding the results of the population-based screening campaigns (3). Probably one of the most important factors influencing the results is the breast density. It is well known that the sensitivity of mammography drops in dense breasts (as low as 30%-48%) (4). The main reasons are the overlapping tissue and the low contrast of tumors in comparison with the surrounding parenchyma. Both produce false positive (recall rate) and false negative results. This low sensitivity has induced the use of additional techniques, such as ultrasound (US) and/or Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT). The former has been proven to have good results in dense breasts (6) but it is an operator dependent and time consuming technique. Due to these reasons, US is not routinely used for screening purpose, although it plays an important role as a problem solving technique. DBT has been the latest development of digital mammography, acquiring multiple lowdose images of the breast and reconstructing the images in a series of multiple slices, all of them parallel to the detector (7). DBT has been found to increase the detection of breast cancers up to 27% (8). Purpose Our purpose was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Digital Mammography (DM) and the combinations of DM with US and the combination of DM with DBT. Page 2 of 17

3 Methods and materials Patients selection From November 2011 to December 2013, a total number of 9121 women underwent digital mammography at our institution. According to our protocol, additional DBT and US were routinely performed for all patients showing density patterns 2, 3 and 4 according to the American College of Radiology (ACR), as well as for all patients with lesions detected on digital mammography (using DBT and US as problem solving techniques). An informed consent was given to all patients. Study design We conducted a retrospective study, following the recommendations of our Institutional Review Board, selecting an enriched sample of 1042 patients (1041 female and 1 male) who underwent the three imaging techniques: DM+DBT+US. The selection criteria were: patients with biopsy proven malignancies (84 patients), patients with biopsy proven benign lesions (258 patients) and patients with normal studies or benign conditions, with no biopsy but at least one year follow-up without significant changes (700 patients). The informed consent for this retrospective study was waived. Both DM and DBT studies were obtained with the Siemens Inspiration unit (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany). DM was performed using both 45 º mediolateral oblique (MLO) and craniocaudal (CC) views. DBT was routinely performed using a single 45º MLO view, but additional CC DBT views were used as problem solving technique when necessary. The wide angle used by DBT (50º) induces a long acquisition time (20 seconds) limiting the routine use of DBT to a single view (usually MLO view). The radiation dose of DM+DBT for each breast was 3.8 mgy for 45 mm PMMA (polimethilmethacrylate) (1.9 mgy for DM two views and 1.9 mgy for one DBT view), well within the accepted limits (5mGy) (9). The US study was performed using a MyLab 60 unit (Esaote, Genoa, Italy), with a multifrequency (5-13MHz) linear array transducer. One expert radiologist, with more than 15 years dedicated to breast diagnosis, evaluated retrospectively all the cases. Page 3 of 17

4 For each case, the reader evaluated DM, classifying it according to the BI-RADS categories. Then, with the information of DM, the reader evaluated the additional DBT, and reclassified the case (DM+DBT). This first lecture took about one month. Three weeks later, the same reader reviewed again DM, maintaining the previous categorization, as well as the additional US studies. These US studies were evaluated in conjunction with the DM information (DM+US). Finally, there were three classifications for comparison: the BI-RADS classification of DM alone, the BI-RADS classification of DM in conjunction with DBT and the BI-RADS classification of DM plus US. The cases classified as BI-RADS categories 3, 4 or 5 were considered as positive, whereas the categories 1 or 2 were considered as negative. The reader was blinded to the final results. Statistical Analysis All the data were recorded using the SPSS software (20.0 version). The sensitivity and specificity as well as the statistical significance of both were calculated using the PEPI software (4.04 version). The Areas under the Curve (AUC) of the different combinations of techniques (DM; DM +DBT; DM+US; DM+DBT+US) were calculated and compared with the SPSS software by using a z test. Statistical significance was established for p<0.05. Page 4 of 17

5 Results A sample of 1042 patients was selected (mean age: 51.6, range: 22-88). Out of them, 84 patients had histologically proven malignant lesions and 258 patients had benign lesions. The remaining 700 patients had no lesions or benign lesions with no biopsy but no changes during at least one year follow up. Fig. 1 The distribution of the malignant cases according to the histology and the detection by the different techniques are shown in this table. Page 5 of 17

6 Fig. 2 DM detected 69% of malignant tumors, while additional US increased the sensitivity by 23.8%, additional DBT by 17.8% and the combination DBT+US detected 29.76% additional tumors. The sensitivity and specificity of DM and the different combinations of the three techniques are shown in this slice. Page 6 of 17

7 Fig. 3 The highest sensitivity was achieved by the combination of the three techniques (DM +US+DBT), reaching 98.81%. The sensitivity of DM+DBT as well as the sensitivity of DM+US were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the sensitivity of DM. Page 7 of 17

8 Fig. 4 There were not statistical differences between DM+US and DM+DBT regarding the sensitivity. Page 8 of 17

9 Fig. 5 Conversely, the specificity of DM+DBT and DM+US were significantly lower than the specificity of DM (p<0.05). The specificity of the combination DM+DBT was significantly higher than the one with DM+US (p<0.05). Page 9 of 17

10 Fig. 6 Page 10 of 17

11 Fig. 7 The ROC curves and the comparison among the different techniques are shown in this figure. Page 11 of 17

12 Fig. 8 The addition of US and/or DBT to DM significantly increased the AUC. In the comparison between DM+US vs DM+DBT there were no significant results (p=0.73). Cases Page 12 of 17

13 Fig. 9: 53 year-old asympthomatic woman. This is an example of an additional breast tumor detected by US: both mammogram and DBT were normal Page 13 of 17

14 Fig. 10: 58 year-old asympthomatic woman. This is an example of another tumor detected by additional DBT, the remaining techniques were negative. Page 14 of 17

15 Conclusion In conclusion, the addition of a second diagnostic technique (DBT and/or US) significantly increased the sensitivity and the AUC s of DM, but decreased the specificity. Due to the well-known limitations of US, we suggest that in a screening setting the combination DM+DBT offers a high sensitivity with an acceptable specificity. However, in a clinical setting, where US can be profusely used, the combination DM+US could be a right choice. Page 15 of 17

16 References 1.Abdulrahman GO Jr, Rahman GA. Epidemiology of breast cancer in Europe andafrica. J Cancer Epidemiol 2012: Tabár L, Vitak B, Chen TH, et al. Swedish two-county trial: impact of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality during 3 decades. Radiology 2011 ;260: Jørgensen KJ, Keen JD, Gøtzsche PC. Is mammographic screening justifiableconsidering its substantial overdiagnosis rate and minor effect on mortality? Radiology 2011 ;260: Hooley RJ, Greenberg KL, Stackhouse RM, et al. Screening US in patients with mammographically dense breasts: initial experience with Connecticut Public Act Radiology 2012 ;265: Pisano ED, Hendrick RE, Yaffe MJet al. Diagnostic accuracy of digital versus film mammography: exploratory analysis of selected population subgroups in DMIST. Radiology ;246: Kolb TM, Lichy J, Newhouse JH. Occult cancer in women with dense breasts:detection with screening US--diagnostic yield and tumor characteristics.radiology ;207: Alakhras M, Bourne R, Rickard M et al. Digital tomosynthesis: a new future for breast imaging? Clin Radiol- 2013;68: Skaane P, Bandos AI, Gullien R et al. Comparison of digital mammography alone and digital mammography plus tomosynthesis in a population-based screening program. Radiology ;267: European protocol for the quality control of the physical and technical aspects of mammography screening.en: Perry N, Broeders M, de Wolf C, Törnberg S, Holland R, von Karsa L, editors. European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. 4 th edition. Chapter 2. Luxemburg: European Communities; p Page 16 of 17

17 10.Andreu FJ, Sáez A, Sentís M et albreast core biopsy reporting categories--an internal validation ina series of 3054 consecutive lesions. Breast-2007 ;16: Skaane P, Hofvind S, Skjennald A. Randomized trial of screen-film versus full-field digital mammography with soft-copy reading in population-based screening program: follow-up and final results of Oslo II study. Radiology ;244: Crystal P, Strano SD, Shcharynski S et al. Using sonography to screen women with mammographically dense breasts. AJR Am J Roentgenol ;181: Zonderland HM, Coerkamp EG, Hermans J et al. Diagnosis of breast cancer: contribution of US as an adjunct to mammography. Radiology ;213: Kaplan SS. Clinical utility of bilateral whole-breast US in the evaluation of women with dense breast tissue. Radiology ;221: Corsetti V, Houssami N, Ferrari A et al. Breast screening with ultrasound in women with mammography-negative dense breasts: evidence on incremental cancer detection and false positives, and associated cost. Eur J Cancer ;44: Houssami N, Skaane P. Overview of the evidence on digital breast tomosynthesis in breast cancer detection. Breast 2013 ;22: Giuliano V, Giuliano C. Improved breast cancer detection in asymptomatic womenusing 3D-automated breast ultrasound in mammographically dense breasts. ClinImaging ;37: Page 17 of 17