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1 The Journal of Advanced Health Informatics Vol. 1 Issue. 4 July-Dec The Journal of Advanced The Journal of Advanced Health Informatics Health Informatics JAHI ISSN: e Available from URL: RESEARCH ARTICLE Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme (STP) On Knowledge Regarding Breast Self-Examination (BSE) Towards Prevention of Breast Cancer among the Working Women ARTICLE INFO Article History: Received on 10 th Dec Received in revised form 27 th Nov Accepted on 05 th Dec Ms. Khushbu Bavsar, Mr. Manjunath Beth and Ms. Anu Baby Maniba Bhula Nursing College, Gopal Vidyanagar-Tarsadi, Bardoli ABSTRACT The most prevalent cancer in the world is that of the breast being responsible for 10.4% of the global burden. Among Indian women, Breast cancer is the second most common cancer after cancer of the uterine cervix and is already the leading cancer in certain metropolitan cities such as Mumbai, Delhi, Nagpur and Trivandrum. The main objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of STP on knowledge regarding Breast self-examination towards the prevention of Breast Cancer among the working women of utu. Quasi experimental non ran- Published online on 19 th Dec domized control group design was adopted. Data was collected between 28/02/2018 to 03/03/2018. Data was collected through self-administered structured knowledge questionnaire. The study findings depicted that there was a Key Words: significant difference between the pre-test and post-test level of the STP, Working, Women, Breast, Can- knowledge score of experiment group than the control group. The calculatcer, Examination ed paired t test value of knowledge score was 10.07, the calculated unpaired Corresponding Author: t test value of knowledge score was 7.79, which was greater than tabu- Ms. Khushbu Bhavsar lated value. So the STP was effective to enhance the knowledge of working Lecturer, UTU, MBNC, It also depicted that there was a significant association between pre test Gopal Vidyanagar, Bardoli knowledge score with their socio-demographic variable like education status. Copyright UTUJAHI Ms. Khushbu Bhavsar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Introduction Breast self-examination on the other hand is simple, selfgenerated and repeatable at monthly intervals and cost free. BSE involves regular monthly systematic examination of the breasts and auxiliary area, both visually and by palpation, for any signs of abnormality. It has been observed that how a woman learns about breast selfexamination can determine the frequency with which she performs it, and therefore it is important for every woman to adopt the correct method of performing breast selfexamination as demonstrated by a nurse or physician for the prevention of breast cancer. About 1 in 8 women (12%) will develop breast cancer in her lifetime. The American Cancer Society estimated that in 2013, about 232,340 women would be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and about 39,620 would die from the disease. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women both in the developed and less developed world. It is 95 over 5,08,000 women died in 2011 due to breast cancer (Global Health Estimates, WHO 2013). Although breast cancer is thought to be a disease of the developed world, almost 50% of breast cancer cases and 58% of deaths occur in less developed countries (GLOBOCAN 2008). Statement of the Problem A Quasi Experimental Study To Assess The Effectiveness Of Structured Teaching Programme (STP) On Knowledge Regarding Breast Self-examination (BSE) Towards Prevention of Breast Cancer Among the Working Women of Uka Tarsadia University (UTU), Bardoli, Surat District In Gujarat State info.healthinformatics@gmail.com 180

2 The Journal of Advanced Health Informatics Objectives of the study 1. To assess the socio-demographic variables of working 2. To assess the knowledge among working women regarding Breast Self-examination towards prevention of breast cancer. 3. To assess the effectiveness of STP on knowledge among working women regarding Breast Selfexamination towards prevention of breast cancer in experimental group. 4. To find out the difference between pre test and post test knowledge score of working women regarding Breast Self-examination towards prevention of Breast cancer in both experimental and control group. 5. To find out the association between pretest knowledge score with their selected socio-demographic variable in experimental and control group. Assumptions It is assumed that all the working women may not have inadequate knowledge regarding breast self-examination towards prevention of breast Cancer. Hypotheses H 01 : There is no significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge score of working women regarding Breast Self-examination towards prevention of breast cancer in experimental group. H 02 : There is no significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge score of working women regarding Breast Self-examination towards prevention of breast cancer in control group. H 03 : There is no significant difference in post test knowledge scores between experimental and control group of working women regarding Breast Selfexamination towards prevention of breast cancer. H 04 : There is no significant association between pre test knowledge scores with their selected socio-demographic variable of working Conceptual framework In the Present study modified conceptual framework of health belief model developed by Hochbaum (1958). The health belief model is psychological model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors were adopted. This is done by focusing on the knowledge and belief of individuals. The model contains principle components that interact to bring out the desired behavior which are individual perception, modifiable factors, cue to action and likelihood of action. Vol. 1 Issue. 4 July-Dec Methodology Research Approach: Quantitative (Evaluative) Research Design : Quasi experimental research design. Research method : Non randomized control group method. Research setting : Shr imad Rajchandr a Institute of Management & Computer Application, C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology and B. V. Patel Institute of Business Management, Computer & Information Technologyand Department of Commerce. (experimental group) and Chhotubhai Gopalbhai Patel Institute of Technology (control group). Variables : Independent: STP on Breast Self-examination. Dependent: Knowledge. Research population : Working Women of Uka Tarsadia University. Target population : Shr imad Rajchandr a Institute of Management & Computer Application, C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology and B. V. Patel Institute of Business Management, Computer & Information Technology and Department of Commerce. for experimental group and for Control group sample selected from Chhotubhai Gopalbhai Patel Institute of Technology. Sample : wor king women of var ious institution of Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli. Sample size : 100 (50- experimental 50- control) Sampling Technique : Non-probability convenient sampling technique. Selection Criteria for Samples: Inclusion criteria: Women who are working in teaching area of UTU, Bardoli. 1. Who are willing to participate. 2. Women who understand English. Exclusion criteria : 1. Who is not available during data collection. 2. Medical and Paramedical Fields. Description of the tool Section I: Per for ma for collecting socio demographic data which include age, Education Status, Marital Status, History of breast cancer in family, Previous knowledge regarding breast cancer, sources of information about breast cancer, Use of contraceptives and bad habits. Section II: Str uctur ed knowledge questionnair e r e- garding Breast self-examination which comprises 25 questions related to knowledge regarding breast selfexamination. Each right answer carries 1 mark and maximum score is 25 and minimum score is 0. info.healthinformatics@gmail.com 181

3 The Journal of Advanced Health Informatics Results Major findings of the study were as below: Section 1: Socio-demographic variables. Most of the subjects 81(81%) were belong to age group of years, 80(80%) subjects were postgraduates, 51 (51%) subjects were single, 52(52%) subjects were staying in joint family, 90(90%) subjects were don t have history of breast cancer in family, 60(60%) subjects were have previous knowledge regarding breast cancer, 44 (44%) subjects were getting information from other sources, 95(95%) subjects were not using any type of contraceptives and 100(100%) subjects don t have any bad habits. Section 2: Knowledge regarding Breast selfexamination. Study finding shows that in Pre test majority knowledge scores of the subjects 29(16%) had average knowledge; 21 (42%) had good knowledge and no one had poor knowledge, where as in post test majority of subjects 48 (96%) had good knowledge; 02 (4%) had average knowledge and no one had poor knowledge in experimental group.students on women empowerment in experimental group. Graph: 1: Cylinder Bar diagram shows difference between pre test post test knowledge scores regarding knowledge of experimental group regarding breast selfexamination. Vol. 1 Issue. 4 July-Dec le : 1 Compar ison of knowledge scor es of wor king women in experimental and control group. n 1 +n 2 =100 Knowl Pre-Test Post Test edge Score Exp. Cont. Exp. Cont. Group Group Group Group F % F % F % F % Good (21-30) Average ( ) Poor (00-10) le 1 reveals that post test knowledge scores of experimental group is higher than the post test knowledge scores of control group. le: 2 Mean differ ence, Standar d Er r or of difference () and paired t values of Experimental group knowledge scores of working Paired t values n 1 = le 2 reveals that calculated paired t value (t cal = 10.07) was greater than tabulated value (t tab = 1.67). Therefore, the structured teaching programme (STP) on breast self-examination towards the prevention breast cancer is effective to improve the knowledge of working Graph: 2 Pyr amid diagr am shows differ ent between pre test post test knowledge scores of control group. le: 3, Standard Error of difference () and paired t values of Control group knowledge scores of working Paired t values n 2 = le.3 reveals that calculated paired t value (t cal = 1.52) was less than tabulated value (t tab = 1.67) indicate that there was no effectiveness in knowledge level in control group without STP.

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5 The Journal of Advanced Health Informatics Vol. 1 Issue. 4 July-Dec le:4 Mean differ ence, Standar d Er r or of differ - ence () and Unpaired- t values of knowledge scores of subjects in experimental and control group. Unpaired t values le 4 reveals that the calculated unpaired t values (t cal =7.79) was greater than tabulated value (t tab =1.66). This indicates that there was significant deference in post test knowledge score between experimental and control group at 0.05 level of significance. Therefore, Structured teaching programme (STP) on Breast self-examination was effective to improve the knowledge of subjects. Section 3: Association between knowledge regarding beast self-examination with their selected sociodemographic variables. This study finding reveals that the calculated chi-square value was less than tabulated chi-square value in most of Socio-demographic variables whereas, in case of Education the calculated chi-square value greater than the tabulated value. Hence this indicates that there was an association between pre-test knowledge score and some socio demographic variables at level of significance. Discussion The findings of the study was supported by Manali Solanki (2012) has r evealed that post test level of knowledge regarding breast self-examination in experimental group that majority of subjects 48(96%) had good knowledge; 02 (4%) had average knowledge and no one had poor knowledge where in control group majority of subjects 34(68%) had average knowledge; and 16 (32%) had good knowledge, which shows that structured teaching praogramme was effective to enhance the knowledge of the individual regarding breast self-examination in experimental group. For experimental group the paired t test value t cal = was greater than tabulated value t tab= Whereas in control group calculated paired t value t cal = 1.52 was less than tabulated value t tab = 1.67 Therefore, the structured teaching programme (STP) on breast self-examination towards the prevention breast cancer is effective to improve the knowledge of working Nursing Implications This study had certain nursing implication towards the nursing education, nursing practice, nursing administration and nursing research as follows. Nursing Research One of the aims of nursing research is to expand and broaden the scope of nursing. The finding of this study serves the professionals and the students to conduct further studies. This study motivates the beginner researcher to conduct with different variables on large scale. The better generalization of the study results can be made by replication of the study. Dissemination of finding through conference and professional journals will make application of research to be effective. Recommendations On the basis of findings of the study following recommendations are obtained for further research: 1. Similar study can be conducted on large sample to generalize the findings. 2. A comparative study can be conducted to assess the knowledge and practice regarding breast selfexamination between rural and urban community 3. Video assisted teaching can be use as other instructional media for increase knowledge and attitude regarding breast self-examination. Limitations 1. The study included working women who all are in teaching area. Conclusion The statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test level of the knowledge score of experiment group than the con-trol group, thus study indicate that the given STP re-garding Breast self-examination was effective. So differ-ent instructional media can be used to enhance the knowledge of the people. References 1. National Breast cancer foundation, INC [Online]; [Cited on 3/7/2017 ], Available from URL 2. Ms.Anitha Denial, Nirali Patel, Jalpa Patel, Neha Joshi, Nazneen Pathan, Assess the effectiveness of Structured teaching programme on year knowledge and attitude regarding Breast Self-examination among student of first year of G.N.M., [offline], [Unpublished Thesis]. 3. Ms. Manali Solanki, Assess the Effectiveness of a planned teaching programme On Prevention of Breast cancer in terms of Knowledge and Attitude of women Living in the urban community Of Ahmedabad, [offline], [Unpublished Thesis]. info.healthinformatics@gmail.com 183