Chemotherapy options and new advances in malignant pleural mesothelioma
|
|
- Preston Gaines
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Review Annals of Oncology 16: , 2005 doi: /annonc/mdi094 Published online 27 January 2005 Chemotherapy options and new advances in malignant pleural mesothelioma J. P. C. Steele* & A. Klabatsa Mesothelioma Research Group, St Bartholomew s Hospital and Medical College, London, UK Received 23 April 2004; revised and accepted 9 November 2004 Malignant pleural mesothelioma continues to be a challenging clinical problem. While traditionally, chemotherapy has been thought to be of only modest benefit to patients with this disease, novel antineoplastic agents and combination regimens incorporating these agents are gradually changing this perception. Early attempts at treatment and palliation with single agents such as doxorubicin met with low response rates and little clinical benefit. However, the recently reported clinical benefits of pemetrexed and raltitrexed in combination with cisplatin are changing the perception about the ability of chemotherapy to affect the natural history of the disease. Other combinations, including cisplatin and gemcitabine, have also shown encouraging response rates and clinical activity. Single-agent therapy with vinorelbine may provide useful palliation with low toxicity. Targeted agents developed through increased understanding of the biology of the disease, used alone or as part of multimodal therapy, may provide major clinical gains in the next few years. Key words: cancer, chemotherapy, mesothelioma, novel agents Introduction Malignant mesothelioma is generally viewed as a treatmentresistant tumor with a very poor prognosis, regardless of the stage at diagnosis. Until recently, chemotherapy had not been shown to alter the natural course of the disease. The role of surgery is uncertain for most patients, though selected series have shown long-term survival in a small number of cases [1]. Radiation has minimal impact on survival, but has a limited role in palliation [2]. There are approximately 2500 new cases of malignant mesothelioma annually in the United States, mostly malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), and they are usually diagnosed in the fifth to seventh decades of life, with a median survival of 4 18 months, and strong male predominance [3]. Projections for Europe indicate a doubling of the number of new cases until 2018 [4]. The situation in the developing world is also of concern because asbestos-derived products are still widely used and marketed there [5]. Development of MPM is strongly associated with asbestos exposure, with 77% of patients previously exposed to this single risk factor [6]. Of the two major forms of asbestos that exist, the rod-shaped amphiboles (actinolyte, amosite, anthophyllite, crocidolite and tremolite) are more carcinogenic, *Correspondence to: Dr J. P. C. Steele, Mesothelioma Research Group, Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew s Hospital, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK. Tel: ; Fax: ; jeremy.steele@bartsandthelondon.nhs.uk while the curly chrysotile form is less carcinogenic [7, 8]. Chrysotile is frequently contaminated with amphibole asbestos and should therefore be considered a hazardous substance. The pathway by which asbestos fibers reach the pleural space appears to be similar to the trapping of other particles, such as coal dust, resulting in the production of parietal pleural black spots [9]. The mean latent period between the initial exposure to asbestos and the development of MPM is 48.7 years (range years), depending on the type and intensity of exposure and other risk factors [10]. Several studies have implicated simian virus 40 (SV 40) as an important risk factor in the development of MPM and have suggested that asbestos and SV 40 are cocarcinogens, with one potentiating the effect of the other [11], but have yet to prove the tumor initiation role of SV 40. Retrospective data indicate that the presence of SV 40 infection also may be a poor prognostic factor in the biphasic or sarcomatous subtypes of MPM [12]. The etiology of MPM is starting to be understood at the molecular level. Deletions of chromosome regions 1p, 3p, 9p and 6q, as well as loss of chromosome 22, are all commonly found in MPM. These regions contain putative tumor suppressor genes that may be important in the progression of malignancy, including the neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor gene (chromosome 22), p16 INK4a and p14 ARF (9p21) [13]. The importance of core-apoptosis failure in the resistance to treatment of MPM has been reviewed recently [14]. Detailed understanding of how and why mesothelioma q 2005 European Society for Medical Oncology
2 346 apoptosis mechanisms fail will have fundamental relevance for oncology in general. Several staging systems for MPM have been proposed; however, none has been universally accepted. The major problem is that staging can only be defined accurately following cytoreductive surgery: a procedure only performed on a minority of patients. The International Mesothelioma Interest Group (IMIG) proposed a TNM (tumor node metastasis)- type staging system based on a retrospective analysis of the impact of T and N status on survival [15]. In addition, two prognostic scoring systems [by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)] have been developed for MPM based on data collected from patients entered into large cooperative group trials [16, 17]. The combination of a new staging system and standardized prognostic scoring systems allows for the selection of patients for appropriate clinical trials and for some degree of comparison of patient populations in separate trials of novel therapies [18]. Chemotherapy of malignant mesothelioma Most of the studies using either single agents or combination regimens have been small, unrandomized phase 2 trials. Patients are usually heterogeneous between studies with regard to stage and prognostic factors. This makes comparisons between studies difficult and potentially misleading. Tumor response is also difficult to measure radiologically. Standardized criteria improved the consistency of reported response rates (compared with older studies), but these criteria require the presence of bidimensionally measurable tumor, even though MPM is most often only measurable in one dimension because it grows contiguously along the pleural surface. Adoption of unidimensional measurement standards as outlined by the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) guidelines should make tumor response in MPM studies more meaningful in the future [19, 20]. Single agents Most available chemotherapy drugs have been tested in malignant mesothelioma as single agents. In general, single-agent response rates are under 20%, and no survival advantage for single-agent chemotherapy has ever been clearly demonstrated. Doxorubicin is one of the most studied single-agent treatments for MPM. However, in a large retrospective series by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, the response rate of single-agent doxorubicin was reported to be only 14%, with a median survival of 7.3 months [21]. Other anthracycline analogues and formulations of epirubicin and liposomal doxorubicin have been tested and dose escalations have been studied. These approaches have generally yielded disappointing response rates under 10 20% [22 24]. Platinum analogues have been studied both as single agents and in combined regimens for MPM. Cisplatin demonstrated an overall response rate of 14% at a dose of 100 mg/m 2 given every 21 days in patients with diffuse malignant mesothelioma [25], and it was included as the control arm of two large phase III trials studying novel agents: one evaluating pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin [26], and another evaluating raltitrexed in combination with cisplatin [27]. These trials are discussed in detail below. At higher doses (e.g. 80 mg/m 2 weekly), cisplatin achieved a response rate of 36% [28], with significant discontinuations (34%) due to toxic effects. Carboplatin, an analogue of cisplatin that is better tolerated and easier to administer, produces response rates similar to conventional doses of cisplatin (7 16%) in phase II studies [29, 30]. The alpha-folate receptor gene is overexpressed in up to 72% of MPM tumors, suggesting a possible link to the pathogenesis of the disease [31]. This finding may explain the activity of some antifolates in MPM. In a phase II trial of 60 MPM patients, high-dose methotrexate produced a response rate of 37% and a median survival of 11 months [32]. The treatment was remarkably well tolerated in light of the known effects of pleural fluid collections on methotrexate pharmacokinetics. In a CALGB phase II study of 58 patients, weekly edatrexate with or without leucovorin demonstrated an objective response rate of 15%, but an unacceptable level of toxicity [33]. Raltitrexed, a thymidylate synthase inhibitor, is currently being evaluated in combination with oxaliplatin and cisplatin (discussed below) in two phase III trials [27, 34]. Unlike most newer antifolates tested in MPM, 5-FU only showed minimal activity [35]. Similarly, the oral derivative of 5-FU, capecitabine, had little useful clinical benefit [36]. A single-agent study of pemetrexed in 64 chemonaive MPM patients has recently been reported and is discussed below. Vinorelbine is the only vinca alkaloid with proven singleagent activity in MPM. Treatment of 29 assessable MPM patients (ECOG performance status 0 2) with weekly vinorelbine 30 mg/m 2 gave a partial response rate (50% unidimensional reduction in transthoracic thickness of tumor) of 24%, and an improvement in general physical symptoms in 41% of patients. Stable disease (neither 25% increase or 50% decrease in transthoracic tumor thickness measure unidimensionally) was reported in 55% of patients. Median survival was an encouraging 10.6 months and serious toxicity was low [37]. This schedule is now under evaluation in a phase III trial in the UK (discussed below). Gemcitabine has limited activity as a single agent in MPM [38] and taxanes are not active in MPM [39]. Other agents, including mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide and temozolomide, have also been studied as single agents in mesothelioma, with generally poor results [40 42]. Combination chemotherapy The majority of combination chemotherapy regimens that have been studied for MPM are anthracycline- and/or platinum-based. These regimens generally produce response rates of 20% or less, and median survival remains in the range of 6 12 months. In addition to these regimens, several newer agents have been tested in combination regimens, with variable results (Table 1).
3 347 Table 1. Response rates with selected chemotherapy regimens for malignant mesothelioma Regimen Response rate (%) Doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide [73] 12 Doxorubicin + cisplatin [74] 25 Gemcitabine + cisplatin [46, 47] Pemetrexed + cisplatin [26] 41 Raltitrexed + cisplatin [27] 23 Oxaliplatin + raltitrexed [43] Oxaliplatin + gemcitabine [44] 40 Oxaliplatin + vinorelbine [45] 23 Vinorelbine (weekly) [37] 24 CPT-11 + docetaxel [49] 0 CPT-11 + cisplatin [50] 27 Methotrexate + leucovorin + alpha-interferon 29 + gamma-interferon [52] Oxaliplatin is a platinum analogue that has been studied in several combination regimens for MPM and is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicine Evaluation Agency for colon cancer. The combination of oxaliplatin and raltitrexed was evaluated in a phase II study of both chemonaive and previously treated patients [43]. The overall response rate was 20%, and median survival from start of treatment for the chemonaive and previously treated groups was 31 and 44 weeks, respectively. Oxaliplatin is also active when combined with gemcitabine, with a response rate of 40% reported for the combination [44]. When used with vinorelbine in a phase II trial, however, oxaliplatin significantly increased toxicity and did not seem to offer any additional advantage in response rate over vinorelbine alone [45]. Although gemcitabine has limited activity as a single agent, it has shown promising activity in MPM when combined with cisplatin. In one trial, a response rate of 48% was reported in MPM patients, with symptom improvement in 90% of radiologically responding patients and 33% of unresponsive patients [46]. Grade 3 leukopenia was recorded in 38% of patients and median survival was 9.5 months. Other trials of this combination have shown lower response rates of 16% [47]. Gemcitabine is currently being studied in MPM in combination with epirubicin in a trial through the North Central Cancer Treatment group [48]. Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor with activity in several tumor types including colon cancer and lung cancer. When used in combination with docetaxel in 15 patients with IMIG stage III IV MPM, it failed to produce an objective response, with 15% of the patients exhibiting minor responses (between 25% and 50% reduction in transthoracic tumor thickness, ie not 50% shrinkage) [49]. Toxicity was severe, with almost 50% of patients developing neutropenic fever and 40% developing WHO grade 3 4 diarrhoea. Irinotecan with cisplatin may be an effective combination, however, as it produced a response rate of 40%, with tolerable toxic effects, in a 15-patient Japanese pilot phase II trial [50]. Another phase II trial evaluated irinotecan, cisplatin and mitomycin administered every 14 days [51]. The response rate, in an intention-to-treat analysis, was 41% and toxicity was moderate. A study of high-dose methotrexate (with leucovorin rescue) in combination with alpha-interferon and gamma-interferon in 26 patients with localized MPM demonstrated a response rate of 29% and a median survival of 17 months [52]. One-year and 2-year survival rates were 62% and 31%, respectively. The treatment was surprisingly well tolerated, with only two patients requiring dose reductions and one patient discontinuing treatment secondary to toxicity. Palliative care With all currently available therapies, response rates remain low and the goal of treatment must be optimal palliation. Two major symptoms, dyspnea and chest wall pain, remain the focus of palliative efforts in patients with advanced malignant mesothelioma. Because of the poor aeration of the lung, fatigue becomes debilitating with little help from supplemental oxygen [53]. Evidence of the palliative benefit of chemotherapy is available for vinorelbine, pemetrexed/cisplatin and the combination of mitomycin, vinblastine and cisplatin [26, 37, 54]. The role of chemotherapy in the palliative treatment of MPM is the subject of an ongoing clinical trial sponsored by The British Thoracic Society and Cancer Research UK (Study ID No. MS-01) [55]. This trial is comparing chemotherapy with active symptom control, which can include palliative surgery and radiotherapy. Although chemotherapy, when applied judiciously, may help control some symptoms, adequate pain control and attention to respiratory function form the basis of effective palliation in MPM. Randomized trials and newer approaches in mesothelioma Several novel approaches to the treatment of MPM, incorporating new chemotherapeutic, biologic, and targeted therapies, are coming into clinical practice (Table 2). Phase 3 randomized Table 2. Novel therapeutic approaches to malignant mesothelioma Agent Pemetrexed Ranpirnase SS1(dsFv)-PE38 Bevacizumab (rhumabvegf) SU5416 Thalidomide ZD 1839 STI-571 Putative biological target Multitargeted antifolate Ribonuclease inhibitor Pseudomonas exotoxin conjugated immunotoxin VEGF targeted monoclonal antibody Selective VEGF receptor kinase inhibitor Multiple mechanisms/vegf inhibitor EGFR inhibitor PDGF, c-kit, Bcr-abl inhibitor EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptors; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor.
4 348 trials have also become feasible and have completed recruitment. The antifolate pemetrexed, administered at mg/m 2 as a single 10 min infusion during a 3 week cycle, inhibits several enzymes important in folate metabolism including glycinamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase (GARFT) [56]. In common with methotrexate, renal function is an important consideration in patients treated with pemetrexed. In a phase I single-agent study, patients with calculated creatinine clearance of 40 ml/min and above tolerated treatment with pemetrexed [57]. During the pemetrexed development program severe, unpredicted toxic effects were observed, including grade 4 neutropenia with and without infection, grade 3/4 diarrhea with or without neutropenia, grade 4 thrombocytopenia, grade 3/4 mucositis, and drug-related death. Analysis of patient characteristics and these toxic effects showed an association between elevated homocysteine (a sensitive marker of folate status) and increased toxicity. Because of these observations, supplemental folic acid ( mg, commencing 1 2 weeks before treatment and finishing 3 weeks post-treatment) and vitamin B 12 (1 mg every 9 weeks) were administered and significantly reduced the incidence and severity of hematological and nonhematological toxic effects without apparently negatively impacting efficacy. Sixty-four patients with MPM were enrolled into a phase II trial of pemetrexed measuring response, time to event and toxicity [58]. Nine out of 64 patients (14%) experienced a partial response (50% reduction in sum of two bidimensionally measured lesions or 30% reduction in unidimensionally measured lesions), with seven out of nine responses (78%) seen in vitamin-supplemented patients. Median survival was 10.7, 13.0 and 8.0 months for all patients, supplemented patients, and nonsupplemented patients, respectively. Myelosuppression was the most common toxicity. Grade 3 4 neutropenia occurred in 52% of nonsupplemented patients and 9% of supplemented patients. Vitamin-supplemented patients tolerated treatment better and received a median of six cycles of treatment, while nonsupplemented patients received a median of only two cycles. Recently a large phase III trial of pemetrexed and cisplatin versus cisplatin has been reported [26]. Four hundred and forty-eight chemonaive patients with MPM received treatment (226 pemetrexed/cisplatin, 222 cisplatin). Pemetrexed/cisplatin treated patients received six cycles of treatment, while cisplatin patients received four cycles. Because of the evidence early in the study of toxicity related to reduced folic acid and vitamin B12, all patients subsequently received folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation. This resulted in three patient subgroups: not supplemented (completed treatment before the protocol change), partially supplemented (started treatment before the change and completed treatment after the change), and fully supplemented (began treatment after the change). According to the final results, the pemetrexed/cisplatin treatment was more effective than the cisplatin treatment in terms of median survival (12.1 months versus 9.3 months; P = 0.020), median time to progressive disease ( > 25% increase in unidimensionally measured lesions or > 50% increase in bidimensionally measured lesions). Or the appearance of new lesions or death from mesothelioma (5.7 months versus 3.9 months), and response rate (41% versus 17%; P <0.0001) using criteria that allowed for both bi- and unidimensional disease [26]. Pemetrexed/cisplatin also appeared to be more effective than cisplatin alone in the subgroup of fully supplemented patients, although the median overall survival times (13.3 versus 10 months) were not clearly statistically significant (P = 0.051). Time to progressive disease was 6.1 versus 3.9 months (P = 0.008), and the response rate was 45.4% versus 19.6% (P <0.001). A similar treatment effect was seen when the fully supplemented and partially supplemented subgroups were combined. It must be highlighted that the data presented were not compiled by a true intentionto-treat analysis because data from eight patients were omitted from the final analysis of end points. Toxicity was more common in the pemetrexed/cisplatin arm, with grade 3/4 neutropenia (28%) and leukopenia (18%) being the most common toxic effects. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) and clinical benefit measures were also collected in this study. Pemetrexed/cisplatin showed improvement in both PFT and major disease-related symptoms such as dyspnea and pain. Overall, pemetrexed appears to be a promising new option in the treatment of MPM. These data are encouraging but further experience will show whether pemetrexed offers a new level of activity compared with other cytotoxics [59]. The European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and the National Cancer Institute of Cancer (NCIC) have reported results of another phase III trial [27]. These data are currently available in abstract form only. Two hundred and fifty patients were randomized to receive cisplatin 80 mg/m 2 (control arm) or cisplatin 80 mg/m 2 plus raltitrexed 3 mg/m 2 (the experimental arm). Chemotherapy was administered every 3 weeks. The patient characteristics were comparable with the University of Chicago study of pemetrexed and cisplatin, although patients with a performance status of 2 were included in the EORTC trial. Overall 13% of patients had a performance status of 2. The median overall survival in patients treated with raltitrexed and cisplatin was 11.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI): months] compared with 8.8 months in the cisplatin-only group (95% CI: months). The 1 year survival rates were 45% for patients treated with raltitrexed and cisplatin and 40% for patients treated with cisplatin only (P = 0.06). The investigators attempted to increase the cohort numbers to achieve a clear result but were unable to do so for regulatory reasons. The conclusion was that the combination of cisplatin and raltitrexed appeared to offer an improved overall and 1 year survival in this representative group of mesothelioma patients. These new data are interesting in light of the previous data from the pemetrexed and cisplatin trial. Both trials included a cisplatin/antifolate combination compared with single-agent cisplatin and both trials showed that the combination
5 349 chemotherapy was more effective at inducing radiological responses than cisplatin alone. In the case of the EORTC/NCIC study, the result was just outside the range of conventional statistical significance and in the University of Chicago study, the result (which was not based on a full intention-to-treat analysis) was reported as being fractionally inside the range of statistical significance. The median survival of patients treated with an antifolate and cisplatin was approximately 12 months in both studies. The EORTC/NCIC trial patients had marginally shorter survival, possibly explained by the proportion of poorer performance status patients included. Based on these data, the combination of cisplatin and either pemetrexed or raltitrexed can reasonably be offered to patients as a first-line option in mesothelioma. For fit patients a clinical trial remains the firstline treatment approach [59]. Ranpirnase (also known as Onconase), a ribonuclease extracted from leopard frog eggs, has been studied extensively in mesothelioma. In a phase II trial of 105 patients with unresectable malignant mesothelioma, ranpirnase demonstrated a response rate of only 5%, but it produced stable disease in 43% of patients [60]. Overall survival was 6 months in the intent-totreat population but 8.3 months in a subset of patients with a good prognosis defined by CALGB criteria. In a randomized phase III trial, ranpirnase showed an improvement in survival by 2 months over doxorubicin (11.3 versus 9.1 months) in patients with a CALGB prognostic score of 1 4 [61]. However, overall quality of life in the ranpirnase-treated group was inferior to that of patients treated with doxorubicin, and survival analysis in the intent-to-treat population was hampered by an imbalance between groups of patients with a poor prognosis. A phase III randomized trial comparing doxorubicin to a combination of ranpirnase and doxorubicin is ongoing. Various cytokines have been studied in malignant mesothelioma and have shown some activity. In a small phase 2 trial of intrapleural interleukin-2 (IL-2) in 15 patients with malignant pleural effusions, one patient showed a complete response (complete disappearance of all previously recorded tumor masses or thickening) and six showed partial responses [62]. A follow-up study of intrapleural IL-2 in 22 patients with MPM demonstrated one complete response, 11 partial responses, and a median survival of 18 months [63]. In a phase II trial of 37 patients with advanced MPM, a combination of alpha-2b interferon with cisplatin and doxorubicin showed a response rate of 29% and a median survival of 9.3 months [64]. The combination appeared to have antitumor activity but was limited by toxicity, particularly myelosuppression and fatigue. Some of the best-known novel anticancer agents have recently been tested in mesothelioma. Most notably, ZD 1839 (gefitinib), an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), showed no significant activity as monotherapy in EGFR-positive chemonaive malignant mesothelioma [65]. STI-571 (imatinib mesylate), an inhibitor of the platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor, was ineffective and not well tolerated as a single agent in patients with pleural mesothelioma [66]. Future directions SV 40 virus has been identified as a possible cause of human cancer, in particular MPM [11]. This fact has been applied to the production of a potential therapeutic vaccine for malignant mesothelioma. By cloning a modified, nontransforming SV 40 T antigen gene into a vaccinia vector, a candidate vaccine was produced and tested preclinically in animal models of malignant mesothelioma with positive results [67]. A phase I trial is under way and merits special attention due to the prognostic correlation between SV 40 and MPM. SS1(dsFv)-PE38 is an immunotoxin produced by the fusion of pseudomonas exotoxin P38 to a high affinity, disulfidestabilized antibody to mesothelin. The fused protein retains cytotoxic activity and only targets cells expressing mesothelin [68], such as mesothelioma, epithelial carcinomas of ovary and peritoneum, and squamous cancers of cervix and upper aerodigestive tract (i.e. esophagus, head and neck cancers). SS1(dsFv)-PE38 is currently being studied in phase I/II trials in advanced mesothelin expressing tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an autocrine growth factor important in the pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma [69]. Three potential inhibitors of VEGF are being investigated for activity against MPM [70]. Bevacizumab (rhumabvegf), a recombinant humanized anti-vegf monoclonal antibody, is being investigated in a large multicenter, randomized phase II trial. Patients all receive gemcitabine/cisplatin and are randomized to receive bevacizumab or placebo [71]. SU5416 directly inhibits the VEGF receptor through inhibition of its kinase activity. Preliminary results from a small phase 2 study showed some activity [72]. Thalidomide is also thought to be a VEGF inhibitor. Data will be available on its efficacy against mesothelioma in the near future. Conclusions Chemotherapy for MPM, although still far from ideal, is starting to have a clinical impact. The recent phase III trials of cisplatin with an antifolate (either pemetrexed or raltitrexed) have demonstrated improved survival for those patients treated with an antifolate and cisplatin when compared with single-agent cisplatin. There were also improvements seen in disease-related symptoms. The combination of gemcitabine with cisplatin may also produce clinical benefit in a proportion of patients. Weekly vinorelbine offers useful palliation with low toxicity especially in less fit individuals. Biological agents, vaccines and immunotoxins, are also being tested in MPM with phase II trials now open to recruitment. Initial results have encouraged optimism for the development of effective therapies. References 1. Rusch VW, Piantadosi S, Holmes EC. The role of extrapleural pneumonectomy in malignant pleural mesothelioma: A Lung Cancer Study Group trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991; 102: Ball DL, Cruickshank DG. The treatment of malignant mesothelioma of the pleura: review of a 5-yr experience, with special reference to radiotherapy. Am J Clin Oncol 1990; 13: 4 9.
6 Price B. Analysis of current trends in United States mesothelioma incidence. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 145: Peto J, Decarli A, la Vecchia C et al. The European mesothelioma epidemic. Br J Cancer 1999; 79: International Ban Asbestos Secretariat website. com/ ibas/ (date last accessed August 2004). 6. Chahinian AP, Pajak TF, Holland JF et al. Diffuse malignant mesothelioma. Prospective evaluation of 69 patients. Ann Intern Med 1982; 96: Hodgson JT, Darnton A. The quantitative risks of mesothelioma and lung cancer in relation to asbestos exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 2000; 44: Rees D, Goodman K, Fourie E et al. Asbestos exposure and mesothelioma in South Africa. S Afr Med J 1999; 89: Boutin C, Dumortier P, Rey F et al. Black spots concentrate oncogenic asbestos fibers in the parietal pleura. Thoracoscopic and mineralogic study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: Bianchi C, Giarelli L, Grandi G et al. Latency periods in asbestosrelated mesothelioma of the pleura. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997; 6: Bocchetta M, Di Resta I, Powers A et al. Human mesothelial cells are unusually susceptible to simian virus 40-mediated transformation and asbestos cocarcinogenicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: Procopio A, Strizzi L, Vianale G et al. Simian virus-40 sequences are a negative prognostic cofactor in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2000; 29: Papp T, Schipper H, Pemsel H et al. Mutational analysis of N-ras, p53, p16 INK4a, p14 ARF and CDK4 genes in primary human malignant mesotheliomas. Int J Oncol 2001; 18: Fennell DA, Rudd RM. Defective core-apoptosis signalling in diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma: opportunities for effective drug development. Lancet Oncol 2004; 5: International Mesothelioma Interest Group. A proposed new international TNM staging system for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Chest 1995; 108: Herndon JE, Green MR, Chahinian AP et al. Factors predictive of survival among 337 patients with mesothelioma treated between 1984 and 1994 by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Chest 1998; 113: Curran D, Sahmoud T, Therasse P et al. Prognostic factors in patients with pleural mesothelioma: the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer experience. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: Steele JP. Prognostic factors in mesothelioma. Semin Oncol 2002; 29: Therasse P, Arbuck SG, Eisenhauer EA et al. New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92: Byrne MJ, Nowak AK. Modified RECIST criteria for assessment of response in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Ann Oncol 2004; 15: Lerner HJ, Schoenfeld DA, Martin A et al. Malignant mesothelioma. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) experience. Cancer 1983; 52: Magri MD, Veronesi A, Foladore S et al. Epirubicin in the treatment of malignant mesothelioma: a phase II cooperative study. Tumori 1991; 77: Baas P. Chemotherapy for malignant mesothelioma: from doxorubicin to vinorelbine. Semin Oncol 2002; 29: Steele JP, O Doherty CA, Shamash J et al. Phase II trial of liposomal daunorubicin in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Ann Oncol 2001; 12: Zidar BL, Green S, Pierce HI et al. A phase II evaluation of cisplatin in unresectable diffuse malignant mesothelioma: a Southwest Oncology Group study. Invest New Drugs 1988; 6: Vogelzang NJ, Rusthoven JJ, Symanowski J et al. Phase III study of pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin versus cisplatin alone in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: van Meerbeeck JP, Manegold C, Gaafar R et al. A randomized phase III study of cisplatin with or without raltitrexed in patients (pts) with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM): an intergroup study of the EORTC Lung Cancer Group and NCIC. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2004; (Abstr 7021). 28. Planting AST, Schellens JHM, Goey SH et al. Weekly high-dose cisplatin in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Ann Oncol 1994; 5: Vogelzang NJ, Goutsou M, Corson JM et al. Carboplatin in malignant mesothelioma: a phase II study of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1990; 27: Raghavan D, Gianoutsos P, Bishop J et al. Phase II trial of carboplatin in the management of malignant mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol 1990; 8: Bueno R, Appasani K, Mercer H et al. The alpha folate receptor is highly activated in malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 121: Solheim OP, Saeter G, Finnanger AM, Stenwig AE. High-dose methotrexate in the treatment of malignant mesothelioma of the pleura. A phase II study. Br J Cancer 1992; 65: Kindler HL, Belani CP, Herndon JE II et al. Edatrexate (10-ethyldeaza-aminopterin) (NSC #626715) with or without leucovorin rescue for malignant mesothelioma. Sequential phase II trials by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Cancer 1999; 86: Fizazi K, Caliandro R, Soulié P et al. Combination raltitrexed (Tomudex w )-oxaliplatin: a step forward in the struggle against mesothelioma? The Institut Gustave Roussy experience with chemotherapy and chemo-immunotherapy in mesothelioma. Eur J Cancer 2000; 36: Harvey VJ, Slevin ML, Ponder BAJ et al. Chemotherapy of diffuse malignant mesothelioma. Phase II trials of single-agent 5-fluorouracil and adriamycin. Cancer 1984; 54: Otterson GA, Herndon JE 2nd, Watson D et al. Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Capecitabine in malignant mesothelioma: a phase II trial by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (39807). Lung Cancer 2004; 44: Steele JP, Shamash J, Evans MT et al. Phase II study of vinorelbine in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: Kindler HL, Van Meerbeeck JP. The role of gemcitabine in the treatment of malignant mesothelioma. Semin Oncol 2002; 29: Tomek S, Emri S, Krejcy K, Manegold C. Chemotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma: past results and recent developments. Br J Cancer 2003; 27: Bajorin D, Kelsen D, Mintzer DM. Phase II trial of mitomycin in malignant mesothelioma. Cancer Treat Rep 1987; 71: Sörensen PG, Bach F, Bork E, Hansen HH. Randomized trial of doxorubicin versus cyclophosphamide in diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma. Cancer Treat Rep 1985; 69: Van Meerbeeck JP, Baas P, Debruyne C et al. A phase II EORTC study of temozolomide in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Eur J Cancer 2002; 38: Fizazi K, Doubre H, le Chevalier T et al. Combination of raltitrexed and oxaliplatin is an active regimen in malignant mesothelioma: results of a phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21:
7 Schutte W, Blankenburg T, Lauerwald K et al. A multicenter phase II study of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Clin Lung Cancer 2003; 4: Steele JP, Shamash J, Evans MT et al. Phase II trial of vinorelbine and oxaliplatin (VO) in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2001; 20: 335a (Abstr 1335). 46. Byrne MJ, Davidson JA, Musk AW et al. Cisplatin and gemcitabine treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma: a phase II study. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: Van Haarst JMW, Baas P, Manegold C et al. Multicentre phase II study of gemcitabine and cisplatin in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Br J Cancer 2002; 86: Clinical Trials PDQ w. Available at: (date last accessed February 2004). 49. Knuuttila A, Ollikainen T, Halme M et al. Docetaxel and irinotecan (CPT-11) in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma a feasibility study. Anti-Cancer Drugs 2000; 11: Nakano T, Chahinian AP, Shinjo M et al. Cisplatin in combination with irinotecan in the treatment of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma: a pilot phase II clinical trial and pharmacokinetic profile. Cancer 1999; 85: Steele JP, Shamash J, Barlow CS et al. Phase II trial of irinotecan, cisplatin and mitomycin C (IPM) in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2002; 21: 307a (Abstr 1227). 52. Halme M, Knuuttila A, Vehmas T et al. High-dose methotrexate in combination with interferons in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Br J Cancer 1999; 80: Antman K, Pass H, Schiff P. Management of mesothelioma. In DeVita, Hellman, Rosenberg (eds): Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 6th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins 2001; Middleton GW, Smith IE, O Brien ME et al. Good symptom relief with palliative MVP (mitomycin-c, vinblastine and cisplatin) chemotherapy in malignant mesothelioma. Ann Oncol 1998; 9: Muers MF, Rudd RM, O Brien ME et al. British Thoracic Society Mesothelioma Group. BTS randomised feasibility study of active symptom control with or without chemotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma: ISRCTN Thorax 2004; 59: Curtin NJ, Hughes AN. Pemetrexed disodium, a novel antifolate with multiple targets. Lancet Oncol 2001; 2: Takimoto CH, Baker SD, Sweeney CJ et al. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of pemetrexed disodium (LY231514, MTA, Alimta) in patients (pts) with impaired renal function. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2001; 20: 93a (Abstr 368). 58. Scagliotti GV, Shin DM, Kindler HL et al. Phase II study of pemetrexed with and without folic acid and vitamin B 12 as front-line therapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: Steele JP. The new front line treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma? Thorax 2003; 58: Mikulski SM, Costanzi JJ, Vogelzang NJ et al. Phase II trial of a single weekly intravenous dose of ranpirnase in patients with unresectable malignant mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: Vogelzang N, Taub R, Shin D et al. Phase III randomized trial of onconase (ONC) vs. doxorubicin (DOX) in patients (pts) with unresectable malignant mesothelioma (UMM): analysis of survival. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2000; 19: 557a (Abstr 2274). 62. Astoul P, Viallat J-R, Laurent JC et al. Intrapleural recombinant IL-2 in passive immunotherapy for malignant pleural effusion. Chest 1993; 103: Astoul P, Picat-Joossen D, Viallat JR, Boutin C. Intrapleural administration of interleukin-2 for the treatment of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma: a phase II study. Cancer 1999; 83: Parra HS, Tixi L, Latteri F et al. Combined regimen of cisplatin, doxorubicin, and alpha-2b interferon in the treatment of advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma. a phase II multicenter trial of the Italian Group on Rare Tumors (GITR) and the Italian Lung Cancer Task Force (FONICAP). Cancer 2001; 92: Govindan R, Kratzke RA, Herndon JE et al. Gefitinib in patients with malignant mesothelioma (MM): a phase II study by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB 30101). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2003; 22: 630 (Abstr 2535). 66. Millward M, Parnis F, Byrne M et al. Phase II trial of imatinib mesylate in patients with advanced pleural mesothelioma. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2003; 22: 228 (Abstr 912). 67. Imperiale MJ, Pass HI, Sanda MG. Prospects for an SV40 vaccine. Semin Cancer Biol 2001; 11: Hassan R, Lerner MR, Benbrook D et al. Antitumor activity of SS(dsFv)PE38 and SS1(dsFv)PE38, recombinant antimesothelin immunotoxins against human gynecologic cancers grown in organotypic culture in vitro. Clin Cancer Res 2002; 8: Masood R, Kundra A, Zhu S et al. Malignant mesothelioma growth inhibition by agents that target the VEGF and VEGF-C autocrine loops. Int J Cancer 2003; 104: Nowak AK, Lake RA, Kindler HL, Robinson BWS. New approaches for mesothelioma: biologics, vaccines, gene therapy, and other novel agents. Semin Oncol 2002; 29: Kindler HL. Moving beyond chemotherapy: novel cytostatic agents for malignant mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 2004; 45 (Suppl 1): S125 S Kindler HL, Vogelzang NJ, Chien K et al. SU5416 in malignant mesothelioma: a University of Chicago phase II consortium study. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2001; 20: 341a (Abstr 1359). 73. Samson MK, Wasser LP, Borden EC et al. Randomized comparison of cyclophosphamide, imidazole carboxamide, and adriamycin versus cyclophosphamide and adriamycin in patients with advanced stage malignant mesothelioma: a Sarcoma Intergroup Study. J Clin Oncol 1987; 5: Ardizzoni A, Rosso R, Salvati F et al. Activity of doxorubicin and cisplatin combination chemotherapy in patients with diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma. An Italian Lung Cancer Task Force (FONICAP) Phase II study. Cancer 1991; 67:
Chemotherapy Induced Pathologic Complete Response in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. A Review and Case Report
STATE OF THE ART: CONCISE REVIEW Chemotherapy Induced Pathologic Complete Response in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma A Review and Case Report Cecilia Bech, MD, and Jens Benn Sørensen, MD, DMSc, MPA Introduction:
More informationThe Use of Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Evidence-based Series 7-14-1 Version 2 A Quality Initiative of the Program in Evidence-based Care (PEBC), Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) The Use of Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
More informationMalignant pleural Mesothelioma: A Year In Review
Malignant pleural Mesothelioma: A Year In Review Rabab Gaafar,MD Prof. Medical Oncology NCI Cairo University National Cancer Institute Conference 2015 ASCO news in Mesothelioma Introduction ASCO news second
More informationChemotherapy treatment in malignant pleural mesothelioma: a difficult history
Review Article Chemotherapy treatment in malignant pleural mesothelioma: a difficult history Marika Cinausero 1,2,3, Karim Rihawi 3, Francesca Sperandi 3, Barbara Melotti 3, Andrea Ardizzoni 3 1 Department
More informationNational Horizon Scanning Centre. Sunitinib (Sutent) for advanced and/or metastatic breast cancer. December 2007
Sunitinib (Sutent) for advanced and/or metastatic breast cancer December 2007 This technology summary is based on information available at the time of research and a limited literature search. It is not
More informationPatients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) generally
GUIDELINES The Use of Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Systematic Review and Practice Guideline Peter Ellis, MBBS, PhD, FRACP,* Angela M. Davies, MD, FRCPC, William
More informationMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignancy, Recent Advances in the Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
STATE OF THE ART: CONCISE REVIEW Recent Advances in the Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Suresh S. Ramalingam, MD,* and Chandra P. Belani, MD Malignant pleural mesothelioma clinically manifests
More informationSystemic Management of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
ESO-ESMO EASTERN EUROPE AND BALKAN REGION MASTERCLASS IN MEDICAL ONCOLOGY 15.June-19.June 2018 Belgrade, Serbia Systemic Management of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Dragana Jovanovic University Hospital
More informationtrial update clinical
trial update clinical by John W. Mucenski, BS, PharmD, Director of Pharmacy Operations, UPMC Cancer Centers The treatment outcome for patients with relapsed or refractory cervical carcinoma remains dismal.
More informationMALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA is a tumor of the pleura
Combination of Raltitrexed and Oxaliplatin Is an Active Regimen in Malignant Mesothelioma: Results of a Phase II Study By K. Fizazi, H. Doubre, T. Le Chevalier, A. Riviere, J. Viala, C. Daniel, L. Robert,
More informationRecent Advances in the Management of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Lucerne, 1.7.06 Recent Advances in the Management of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Rolf Stahel, MD University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland Pleural plaques Pleural plaques Asbestosis Pleural mesothelioma
More informationDrug Evaluation. Pemetrexed in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma
Drug Evaluation Pemetrexed in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a relatively uncommon cancer, but is increasing in frequency and will pose a major clinical
More informationNational Horizon Scanning Centre. Bevacizumab (Avastin) in combination with non-taxanes for metastatic breast cancer - first line therapy
Bevacizumab (Avastin) in combination with non-taxanes for metastatic breast cancer - first line therapy December 2007 This technology summary is based on information available at the time of research and
More informationTRANSPARENCY COMMITTEE OPINION. 29 April 2009
The legally binding text is the original French version TRANSPARENCY COMMITTEE OPINION 29 April 2009 NAVELBINE 20 mg, soft capsules B/1 (CIP: 365 948-4) NAVELBINE 30 mg, soft capsules B/1 (CIP: 365 949-0)
More informationThree-week versus four-week schedule of cisplatin and gemcitabine: results of a randomized phase II study
Original article Annals of Oncology 13: 1080 1086, 2002 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdf186 Three-week versus four-week schedule of cisplatin and gemcitabine: results of a randomized phase II study H. Soto Parra
More informationMAINTENANCE TREATMENT CHEMO MAINTENANCE OR TARGETED OF BOTH? Martin Reck Department of Thoracic Oncology LungenClinic Grosshansdorf
MAINTENANCE TREATMENT CHEMO MAINTENANCE OR TARGETED OF BOTH? Martin Reck Department of Thoracic Oncology LungenClinic Grosshansdorf OUTLINE Background and Concept Switch Maintenance Continuation Maintenance
More informationVision of the Future: Capecitabine
Vision of the Future: Capecitabine CHRIS TWELVES Cancer Research Campaign Department of Medical Oncology, University of Glasgow, and Beatson Oncology Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom Key Words. Capecitabine
More informationA Retrospective Study of Chemotherapy with and without Pemetrexed in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
A Retrospective Study of Chemotherapy with and without Pemetrexed in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma MASAYOSHI HIGASHIGUCHI, HIDEKAZU SUZUKI, TOMONORI HIRASHIMA, MASASHI KOBAYASHI, SHO GOYA, NORIO OKAMOTO,
More informationCurrent therapies for malignant pleural mesothelioma
Environ Health Prev Med (2008) 13:75 83 DOI 10.1007/s12199-007-0016-7 SPECIAL FEATURE Asbestos and Malignant Mesothelioma Current therapies for malignant pleural mesothelioma Takashi Nakano Received: 30
More information13 th ILCC Huntington Beach July 20 th, 2012 Paul Baas NKI-AVL
13 th ILCC Huntington Beach July 20 th, 2012 Paul Baas NKI-AVL Advisor: Merck Sharp Dohme Pfizer Research funding: Pfizer Roche The effect of the Greece situation Multistep carcinogenesis in MPM Mutsaers,
More informationHeather Wakelee, M.D.
Heather Wakelee, M.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine, Oncology Stanford University Sponsored by Educational Grant Support from Adjuvant (Post-Operative) Lung Cancer Chemotherapy Heather Wakelee, M.D.
More informationThis clinical study synopsis is provided in line with Boehringer Ingelheim s Policy on Transparency and Publication of Clinical Study Data.
abcd Clinical Study for Public Disclosure This clinical study synopsis is provided in line with s Policy on Transparency and Publication of Clinical Study Data. The synopsis which is part of the clinical
More informationMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rapidly
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Single-Agent Pemetrexed for Chemonaïve and Pretreated with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Results of an International Expanded Access Program Paul Taylor, MBChB, FRACP,* Bruno Castagneto,
More informationPhase II Cancer Trials: When and How
Phase II Cancer Trials: When and How Course for New Investigators August 9-12, 2011 Learning Objectives At the end of the session the participant should be able to Define the objectives of screening vs.
More informationCancer Cell Research 14 (2017)
Available at http:// www.cancercellresearch.org ISSN 2161-2609 Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer Ping Xu, Hongmei Li*, Xiaoyan Zhang Department of
More informationMULTI TARGETED ANTIFOLATE
INNOVAZIONI TERAPEUTICHE IN ONCOLOGIA MEDICA CAGLIARI 23-24 GIUGNO 2005 Policlinico Universitario - Cagliari MULTI TARGETED ANTIFOLATE Elena Massa CATTEDRA DI ONCOLOGIA MEDICA UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI
More informationSequential Dose-Dense Adjuvant Therapy With Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel, and Cyclophosphamide
Sequential Dose-Dense Adjuvant Therapy With Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel, and Cyclophosphamide Review Article [1] April 01, 1997 By Clifford A. Hudis, MD [2] The recognition of paclitaxel's (Taxol's) activity
More informationHDAC Inhibitors and PARP inhibitors. Suresh Ramalingam, MD Associate Professor Chief of Thoracic Oncology Emory University School of Medicine
HDAC Inhibitors and PARP inhibitors Suresh Ramalingam, MD Associate Professor Chief of Thoracic Oncology Emory University School of Medicine Histone Acetylation HAT Ac Ac Ac Ac HDAC Ac Ac Ac Ac mrna DACs
More informationMedicinae Doctoris. One university. Many futures.
Medicinae Doctoris The Before and The After: Can chemotherapy revise the trajectory of gastric and esophageal cancers? Dr. David Dawe MD, FRCPC Medical Oncologist Assistant Professor Disclosures None All
More informationDocetaxel. Class: Antineoplastic agent, Antimicrotubular, Taxane derivative.
Docetaxel Class: Antineoplastic agent, Antimicrotubular, Taxane derivative. Indications: -Breast cancer: -Non small cell lung cancer -Prostate cancer -Gastric adenocarcinoma _Head and neck cancer Unlabeled
More informationPhase II Cancer Trials: When and How
Phase II Cancer Trials: When and How Course for New Investigators August 21-23, 2013 Acknowledgment Elizabeth Eisenhauer for some slides! Learning Objectives At the end of the session the participant should
More informationHeterogeneity of N2 disease
Locally Advanced NSCLC Surgery? No. Ramaswamy Govindan M.D Co-Director, Section of Medical Oncology Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center at Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri Heterogeneity
More informationHorizon Scanning Technology Summary. Temozolomide (Temodal) for advanced metastatic melanoma. National Horizon Scanning Centre.
Horizon Scanning Technology Summary National Horizon Scanning Centre Temozolomide (Temodal) for advanced metastatic melanoma April 2007 This technology summary is based on information available at the
More informationNational Horizon Scanning Centre. Erlotinib (Tarceva) in combination with bevacizumab for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Erlotinib (Tarceva) in combination with bevacizumab for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer This technology summary is based on information available at the time of research and a limited
More informationGemcitabine and Carboplatin in Patients with Refractory or Progressive Metastatic Breast Cancer after Treatment
DOI: 10.18056/seci2014.6 Gemcitabine and Carboplatin in Patients with Refractory or Progressive Metastatic Breast Cancer after Treatment Zedan A 1, Soliman M 2, Sedik MF 1 1 Medical Oncology Department,
More informationHEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA N. A.OTHIENO ABINYA
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA N. A.OTHIENO ABINYA - One of the most common solid organ tumours worldwide. - A public health problem in parts of Asia and subsaharan Africa, with incidence upto 50/100,000 population/year.
More informationGASTRIC & PANCREATIC CANCER
GASTRIC & PANCREATIC CANCER ASCO HIGHLIGHTS 2005 Fadi Sami Farhat, MD Head of Hematology Oncology Division Hammoud Hospital University Medical Center Saida Lebanon Tel: +961 3 753 155 E-Mail: drfadi@drfadi.org
More informationTargeted Therapies in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: An Update
Targeted Therapies in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: An Update ASCO 2007: Targeted Therapies in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: An Update Bevacizumab is effective in combination with XELOX or FOLFOX-4 Bevacizumab
More informationHorizon Scanning Technology Briefing. Sutent (Sunitinib) for first-line and adjuvant treatment of renal cell carcinoma
Horizon Scanning Technology Briefing National Horizon Scanning Centre Sutent (Sunitinib) for first-line and adjuvant treatment of renal cell carcinoma August 2006: Updated October 2006 This technology
More informationSingle Agent Irinotecan for The Treatment of Metastatic or Recurrent Squamous Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (SCCHN)
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Single Agent Irinotecan for The Treatment of Metastatic or Recurrent Squamous Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (SCCHN) 1 Gilbert J, 1 Dang T, 2 Cmelak A, 3 Shyr Y, 4 Netterville J, 4 Burkey
More informationThe surgeon: new surgical aproaches
The surgeon: new surgical aproaches Paul Van Schil, MD Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Antwerp University, Belgium no disclosures, no conflict of interest Malignant pleural mesothelioma: clinical,
More informationSystemic chemotherapy improves both survival and quality
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Treatment of Elderly Non small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Three Different Schedules of Weekly Paclitaxel in Combination with Carboplatin: Subanalysis of a Randomized Trial Suresh Ramalingam,
More informationGlobally, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Survival without Common Criteria Grade 3/4 for Compared with in Previously Treated Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Risk-Benefit Analysis Jean-Louis Pujol,
More informationTristate Lung Meeting 2014 Pro-Con Debate: Surgery has no role in the management of certain subsets of N2 disease
Tristate Lung Meeting 2014 Pro-Con Debate: Surgery has no role in the management of certain subsets of N2 disease Jennifer E. Tseng, MD UFHealth Cancer Center-Orlando Health Sep 12, 2014 Background Approximately
More informationMalignant mesothelioma (MM) of the. Predicting survival in malignant mesothelioma
Eur Respir J 2011; 38: 1420 1424 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00000811 CopyrightßERS 2011 Predicting survival in malignant mesothelioma A.W. Musk*,#, N. Olsen*,", H. Alfonso +, A. Reid*, R. Mina*, P. Franklin*,
More informationSTUDY FINDINGS PRESENTED ON TAXOTERE REGIMENS IN HEAD AND NECK, LUNG AND BREAST CANCER
Contact: Anne Bancillon + 33 (0)6 70 93 75 28 STUDY FINDINGS PRESENTED ON TAXOTERE REGIMENS IN HEAD AND NECK, LUNG AND BREAST CANCER Key results of 42 nd annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical
More informationErlotinib (Tarceva) for non small cell lung cancer advanced or metastatic maintenance monotherapy
Erlotinib (Tarceva) for non small cell lung cancer advanced or metastatic maintenance monotherapy September 2008 This technology summary is based on information available at the time of research and a
More informationRESEARCH ARTICLE. Kuanoon Boupaijit, Prapaporn Suprasert* Abstract. Introduction. Materials and Methods
RESEARCH ARTICLE Survival Outcomes of Advanced and Recurrent Cervical Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy: Experience of Northern Tertiary Care Hospital in Thailand Kuanoon Boupaijit, Prapaporn Suprasert*
More informationThe legally binding text is the original French version
The legally binding text is the original French version TRANSPARENCY COMMITTEE OPINION 29 November 2006 TAXOTERE 20 mg, concentrate and solvent for infusion in single-dose vials of 7 ml, individually packed
More informationNational Horizon Scanning Centre. Ipilimumab (MDX-010) for unresectable stage III or IV metastatic melanoma - first or second line treatment
Ipilimumab (MDX-010) for unresectable stage III or IV metastatic melanoma - first or second line treatment April 2008 This technology summary is based on information available at the time of research and
More informationNon-small Cell Lung Cancer: Multidisciplinary Role: Role of Medical Oncologist
Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Multidisciplinary Role: Role of Medical Oncologist Vichien Srimuninnimit, MD. Medical Oncology Division Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital Outline Resectable NSCLC stage
More informationBortezomib (PS-341), a potent and selective proteasome
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Phase I Study of Two Different Schedules of Bortezomib and Pemetrexed in Advanced Solid Tumors with Emphasis on Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Angela M. Davies, MD,* Cheryl Ho, MD, Alex S.
More informationTwo Cycles of Chemoradiation: 2 Cycles is Enough. Concurrent Chemotherapy / RT Regimens
1 Two Cycles of Chemoradiation: 2 Cycles is Enough Heather Wakelee, M.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine, Oncology Stanford University Concurrent Chemotherapy / RT Regimens Cisplatin 50 mg/m 2 on days
More informationAdjuvant Chemotherapy
State-of-the-art: standard of care for resectable NSCLC Adjuvant Chemotherapy JY DOUILLARD MD PhD Professor of Medical Oncology Integrated Centers of Oncology R Gauducheau University of Nantes France Adjuvant
More informationImmunoconjugates in Both the Adjuvant and Metastatic Setting
Immunoconjugates in Both the Adjuvant and Metastatic Setting Mark Pegram, M.D. Director, Stanford Breast Oncology Program Co-Director, Molecular Therapeutics Program Trastuzumab Treatment of Breast Tumor
More informationTargeted Agents as Maintenance Therapy. Karen Kelly, MD Professor of Medicine UC Davis Cancer Center
Targeted Agents as Maintenance Therapy Karen Kelly, MD Professor of Medicine UC Davis Cancer Center Disclosures Genentech Advisory Board Maintenance Therapy Defined Treatment Non-Progressing Patients Drug
More informationHorizon Scanning Centre November Vinflunine (Javlor) monotherapy for advanced breast cancer SUMMARY NIHR HSC ID: 7887
Horizon Scanning Centre November 2012 Vinflunine (Javlor) monotherapy for advanced breast cancer SUMMARY NIHR HSC ID: 7887 This briefing is based on information available at the time of research and a
More informationThoracic and head/neck oncology new developments
Thoracic and head/neck oncology new developments Goh Boon Cher Department of Hematology-Oncology National University Cancer Institute of Singapore Research Clinical Care Education Scope Lung cancer Screening
More informationNasopharyngeal Cancer:Role of Chemotherapy
Nasopharyngeal Cancer:Role of Chemotherapy PANAGIOTIS KATSAOUNIS Medical Oncologist IASO GENERAL HOSPITAL Athens, 16/9/2017 2 nd Hellenic Multidisciplinary Conference on Head and Neck Cancer INTRODUCTION
More informationOUR EXPERIENCES WITH ERLOTINIB IN SECOND AND THIRD LINE TREATMENT PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED STAGE IIIB/ IV NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
& OUR EXPERIENCES WITH ERLOTINIB IN SECOND AND THIRD LINE TREATMENT PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED STAGE IIIB/ IV NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER Interim Data Report of TRUST study on patients from Bosnia and Herzegovina
More informationOverview. Author Summary: Abstract and Brief Discussion
Overview First Published Online March 2, 2015 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0181 Title: Pemetrexed and Gemcitabine Versus Carboplatin and Gemcitabine in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized Noninferiority
More informationCâncer de Pulmão Não Pequenas Células
Câncer de Pulmão Não Pequenas Células Carboplatina + Paclitaxel Paclitaxel: 200mg/m 2 IV D1 Carboplatina: AUC 6 IV D1 a cada 21 dias X 4 ciclos Ref. (1) Vinorelbina + Cisplatina Vinorelbina: 25mg/m 2 IV
More informationNational Horizon Scanning Centre. Aflibercept (VEGF Trap) for advanced chemo-refractory epithelial ovarian cancer. December 2007
Aflibercept (VEGF Trap) for advanced chemo-refractory epithelial ovarian cancer December 2007 This technology summary is based on information available at the time of research and a limited literature
More informationAHFS Final. line. Criteria Used in. combined. cisplatin. Strength. established was. Non-small Cell Lung. Cancer: of carboplatin and
Drug/Drug Combination: Cetuximab Off-label Use: First-line treatment of advanced non-small Use for Review: cell lung cancer Criteria Used in Selection of Off-labell AHFS Final Determination of Medical
More informationNorth of Scotland Cancer Network Clinical Management Guideline for Mesothelioma
THIS DOCUMENT IS North of Scotland Cancer Network Clinical Management Guideline for Mesothelioma [Based on WOSCAN SCLC CMG with further extensive consultation within NOSCAN] UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED Document
More informationBevacizumab in Advanced Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas. Original Policy Date
5.01.13 Bevacizumab in Advanced Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas Medical Policy Section Prescription Drug Issue 12:2013 Original Policy Date 12:2013 Last Review Status/Date Reviewed with literature search/12:2013
More informationNew Targeted Agents Demonstrate Greater Efficacy and Tolerability in the Treatment of HER2-positive Breast Cancer
New Evidence reports on presentations given at ASCO 2012 New Targeted Agents Demonstrate Greater Efficacy and Tolerability in the Treatment of HER2-positive Breast Cancer Presentations at ASCO 2012 Breast
More informationMaintenance Therapy for Advanced NSCLC: When, What, Why & What s Left After Post-Maintenance Relapse?
Maintenance Therapy for Advanced NSCLC: When, What, Why & What s Left After Post-Maintenance Relapse? Mark A. Socinski, MD Professor of Medicine Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Program Lineberger Comprehensive
More informationKeywords: cohort study, chemotherapy, survival rate, elderly, patient selection, outcome
Treatment of Advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer in Routine Care: A Retrospective Analysis of 212 Consecutive Patients Treated in a Community Based Oncology Group Practice ORIGINAL RESEARCH Hubert Koeppler
More informationSCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION
European Medicines Agency London, 3 June 2009 Product name: Alimta EMEA/H/C/000564/II/0015 SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4HB, UK Tel. (44-20) 74 18 84 00 Fax (44-20)
More informationImaging Cancer Treatment Complications in the Chest
Imaging Cancer Treatment Complications in the Chest Michelle S. Ginsberg, MD Objectives Imaging Cancer Treatment Complications in the Chest To understand the mechanisms of action of different classes of
More informationMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a neoplasm
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Phase II Study of Cediranib in Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma SWOG S0509 Linda L. Garland, MD,* Kari Chansky, MS, Antoinette J. Wozniak, MD, Anne S. Tsao, MD, Shirish M.
More informationLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in both
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Chemotherapy in Patients 80 with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Combined Results from SWOG 0027 and Paul J. Hesketh, MD,* Rogerio C. Lilenbaum, MD, Kari Chansky, MS, Afshin Dowlati,
More informationHorizon Scanning Technology Briefing. Cetuximab (Erbitux) for metastatic colorectal cancer. National Horizon Scanning Centre.
Horizon Scanning Technology Briefing National Horizon Scanning Centre Cetuximab (Erbitux) for metastatic colorectal cancer December 2006 This technology summary is based on information available at the
More informationNintedanib in Oncology Backgrounder
For media outside the US, UK and Canada only Nintedanib in Oncology Backgrounder 1. What is nintedanib? 2. How does nintedanib work? 3. Data overview 4. Additional clinical data 5. Nintedanib approval
More informationLipoplatin monotherapy for oncologists
Lipoplatin monotherapy for oncologists Dr. George Stathopoulos demonstrated that Lipoplatin monotherapy against adenocarcinomas of the lung can have very high efficacy (38% partial response, 43% stable
More informationMaintenance paradigm in non-squamous NSCLC
Maintenance paradigm in non-squamous NSCLC L. Paz-Ares Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla Agenda Theoretical basis The data The comparisons Agenda Theoretical basis The data The comparisons
More informationsymposium article introduction symposium article
Annals of Oncology 17 (Supplement 5): v118 v122, 2006 doi:10.1093/annonc/mdj965 Long-term survival results of a randomized trial comparing gemcitabine/cisplatin and methotrexate/ vinblastine/doxorubicin/cisplatin
More informationNEWER DRUGS IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER. Prof. Anup Majumdar. HOD, Radiotherapy, IPGMER Kolkata
NEWER DRUGS IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER Prof. Anup Majumdar HOD, Radiotherapy, IPGMER Kolkata 1 Included Oral cavity Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Lymph node in upper part of neck Excluded Brain Eye Cancer arising
More informationDe-Escalate Trial for the Head and neck NSSG. Dr Eleanor Aynsley Consultant Clinical Oncologist
De-Escalate Trial for the Head and neck NSSG Dr Eleanor Aynsley Consultant Clinical Oncologist 3 HPV+ H&N A distinct disease entity Leemans et al., Nature Reviews, 2011 4 Good news Improved response to
More informationA hospital admission or readmission
EDITORIALS 95 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Preventing hospital admissions for COPD: role of physical activity M D L Morgan There is increasing evidence that non-pharmacological interventions including
More informationCommon disease 175,000 new cases/year 44,000 deaths/year Less than 10% with newly diagnosed at presentation have stage IV disease Chronic disease,
Chemotherapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer: Recent Results HARMESH R. NAIK, MD. Karmanos Cancer Institute and St. Mary Hospital Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) Common disease 175,000 new cases/year 44,000
More informationTechnology appraisal guidance Published: 29 June 2011 nice.org.uk/guidance/ta227
Erlotinib monotherapy for maintenance treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer Technology appraisal guidance Published: 29 June 2011 nice.org.uk/guidance/ta227 NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to
More informationThe treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Pemetrexed plus Cetuximab in Patients with Recurrent Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) A Phase I/II Study from the Hoosier Oncology Group Shadia Jalal, MD,* David Waterhouse, MD, Martin
More informationEdith A. Perez, Ahmad Awada, Joyce O Shaughnessy, Hope Rugo, Chris Twelves, Seock-Ah Im, Carol Zhao, Ute Hoch, Alison L. Hannah, Javier Cortes
BEACON: A Phase 3 Open-label, Randomized, Multicenter Study of Etirinotecan Pegol (EP) versus Treatment of Physician s Choice (TPC) in Patients With Locally Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously
More informationThis clinical study synopsis is provided in line with Boehringer Ingelheim s Policy on Transparency and Publication of Clinical Study Data.
abcd Clinical Study for Public Disclosure This clinical study synopsis is provided in line with s Policy on Transparency and Publication of Clinical Study Data. The synopsis which is part of the clinical
More informationPublished Ahead of Print on February 10, 2017 as /theoncologist
Lung Cancer Validation of Progression-Free Survival as a Surrogate Endpoint for Overall Survival in Malignant Mesothelioma: Analysis of Cancer and Leukemia Group B and North Central Cancer Treatment Group
More informationTRANSPARENCY COMMITTEE OPINION. 15 February 2006
The legally binding text is the original French version TRANSPARENCY COMMITTEE OPINION 15 February 2006 Taxotere 20 mg, concentrate and solvent for solution for infusion B/1 vial of Taxotere and 1 vial
More informationAdjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected nonsmall cell lung cancer
Review Article Adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected nonsmall cell lung cancer Robert Pirker Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Correspondence
More informationNational Horizon Scanning Centre. Bevacizumab (Avastin) for glioblastoma multiforme - relapsed. August 2008
Bevacizumab (Avastin) for glioblastoma multiforme - relapsed August 2008 This technology summary is based on information available at the time of research and a limited literature search. It is not intended
More informationTriple Negative Breast Cancer: Part 2 A Medical Update
Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Part 2 A Medical Update April 29, 2015 Tiffany A. Traina, MD Breast Medicine Service Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Weill Cornell Medical College Overview What is
More informationLung Cancer Epidemiology. AJCC Staging 6 th edition
Surgery for stage IIIA NSCLC? Sometimes! Anne S. Tsao, M.D. Associate Professor Director, Mesothelioma Program Director, Thoracic Chemo-Radiation Program May 7, 2011 The University of Texas MD ANDERSON
More informationChemotherapy-induced HBV reactivation in cancer patients
Chemotherapy-induced HBV reactivation in cancer patients On behalf of Taiwan Cooperative Oncology Group (TCOG) HBV reactivation in lymphoma patients: What we have known HBV reactivation and hepatitis flares
More informationMalignant mesothelioma is a highly symptomatic and rapidly progressive. Adapting the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale (LCSS) to Mesothelioma
587 Adapting the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale (LCSS) to Mesothelioma Using the LCSS-Meso Conceptual Model for Validation Patricia J. Hollen, Ph.D., R.N. 1 Richard J. Gralla, M.D. 2 Astra M. Liepa, Pharm.D.
More informationElements for a Public Summary
VI.2 Elements for a Public Summary VI.2.1 Overview of disease epidemiology Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in European men and women. There are two main types of lung cancer: small
More informationLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the
ORIGINAL ARTICLE A Phase II Randomized Study of Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin or Cisplatin against Chemo-Naive Inoperable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in the Elderly Yuh-Min Chen, MD, PhD,* Reury-Perng Perng,
More informationIndex. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.
Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdominal drainage, after hepatic resection, 159 160 Ablation, radiofrequency, for hepatocellular carcinoma, 160 161 Adenocarcinoma, pancreatic.
More informationCetuximab in non-small-cell lung cancer
Review Article Cetuximab in non-small-cell lung cancer Robert Pirker, Martin Filipits Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria Corresponding to: Robert Pirker, MD. Department
More informationPulmonary Complications of Cancer Treatment
Pulmonary Complications of Cancer Beth Zigmund, MD Objectives (Preliminary Version) Beth Zigmund, MD Develop awareness of the myriad pulmonary complications of cancer treatment and of challenge in making
More information