Solubility and stability of drugs in mixed micelles
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1 Solubility and stability of drugs in mixed micelles Ph.D. Thesis Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Germany Presented by Mohamed Hammad Kiel, 1998
2 Contents 1 Abbreviations 1 2 Introduction and aim of work Techniques of solubilization of drugs Solubilization by solid-state manipulation Chemical modification Complexation Hydrotropes Cyclodextrins Use of cosolvents Use of surfactants Site of solubilizates in micelle Factors affecting micellarsolubilization Effect of surfactant concentration Effect of surfactant structure Effect of solubilizate structure Effect of electrolyte Effect of organic additives Effect of temperature Effect of ph Toxicity of surfactant systems Mixed surfactant systems Introduction BS/PC-MM Aim of work 16 3 Materials and sources Materials and sources Surfactants APGs or SEs BSs 18
3 Lecithin Other surfactants Drug substances Other materials Antioxidants Buffers Inorganic acids Organic alcohols Solvents 25 4 Preparation of MMs and stability of PC Methods of preparation of MMs Preparation of BS/PC-MMs Coprecipitation method Dispersion method Preparation of other MM Solubility study of PC Solubility of PC in BS solutions Effect of PC purity Effect of type of PC and BS Effect of ph Effect of additives Effect of preparation method and condition Solubilization of PC by other surfactants Oxidative degradation of PC in BS/PC-MM Degradation study Oxidative degradation under aerobic conditions (AC) Effect of temperature Effect of type of BS and PC Oxidative degradation under anaerobic conditions (ANC) Summary 46 5 Solubilization of drugs Solubility study Solubilization of benzodiazepines Solubilization of diazepam Solubility in different one component surfactant systems Solubility in BS/EPC-MM Solubility in BS/SPC-MMs Solubilization of tetrazepam Solubilization of lorazepam X-ray diffraction study of lorazepam Solubilization of clonazepam Solubilization of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Solubilization of indomethacin Effect of ph Effect of concentration Effect of buffer concentration Effect of PC mol fraction Solubilization of diclofenac sodium Effect of concentration Effect of type of BSs Effect of ph Effect of PC mol fraction Solubilization of steroidal drugs Solubility of progesterone Solubility of estradiol Solubility ofprednisolone Factors affecting drug solubility in BS/PC-MM Effect of composition of MM and chemical structure of drug Effect of additives Effect of chemical nature of additive Effect of chemical nature of drug Solubilization of drugs in MM systems other than BS/PC 91
4 5.6.1 Solubilization in BS/SE-MMs Solubilization in SE/PC-MM Summary 97 6 Stability of drugs in BS/PC-MMs and SE Stability of tetrazepam Kinetic study Stability under aerobic conditions (AC) Effect of type of micellar system Effect of ph Effect of buffer concentration Effect of temperature Effect of type of buffer Stability under anaerobic conditions (ANC) Effect of type of BS/PC-MM and dispersion medium Effect of ph and concentration of buffer Hydrolytic degradation of tetrazepam in BS/PC-MM Shelf stability of tetrazepam in BS/PC-MM at 10 C Stability of clonazepam Kinetic study stability of clonazepam in different BS/PC-MMs Effect of ph on clonazepam stability in BS/PC-MM Effect of temperature on the stability of clonazepam Stability of lorazepam Kinetic study Stability of lorazepam in different BS/PC-MMs Effect of temperature on the stability of lorazepam Stability of indomethacin in BS/PC-MMs and SE Kinetic study Effect ofph on indomethacin degradation Effect of temperature on the stability of indomethacin Stability of indomethacin in freeze-dried SGC/PC-MMs Stability of diclofenac sodium Summary Surface tension of mixed micellar solutions Surface tension measurements Surface tension of BSs and SB/PC-MM Surface tension of SE and BS/SE-MM Summary Study of drug-mm interactions Interaction study using UV : UV spectra of benzodiazepine drugs UV absorption spectra of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs UV absorption spectra of steroidal drugs Interaction study using NMR Method of study NMR Spectra of SGC/SPC-MM Effect of benzyl alcohol on NMR spectra of SGC/SPC-MM Effect of cyclohexanol on the NMR spectra of SGC/SPC-MM NMR spectra of diazepam in MM NMR spectra of indomethacin in MM NMR spectra of prednisolone in MM Summary Summary of the work Appendix Solubility and stability study of lecithin solubility study of lecithin Stability study of lecithin HPLC methods Solubility of drugs in MM Solubility of drugs in bile salt/lecithin-mixed micelles Solubility of benzodiazepines Solubility of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 200
5 Solubility of steroidal drugs Factors affecting solubility in bile salts/lecithin-mixed micelles Solubility of drugs in BS/SE-MM Solubility in SE/PC-MM Stability of drugs Stability of tetrazepam Stability of clonazepam Stability of lorazepam Stability of indomethacin Stability of diclofenac sodium Surface tension measurements NMR study References 245
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