Effect of Occupational Exposure on WBC Count and Oxidative Stress in Rice Mill Workers

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1 ISSN ORIGINAL ARTICLE Effet of Oupational Exposure on WBC Count and Oxidative Stress in Rie Mill Workers 1* Praveen S. Patil, Manjunath Aithal, Vijaykumar M. Pujari, Kusal K. Das 1 Department of Physiology, Raihur Institute of Medial Sienes, Raihur (Karnataka) India, 2 Department of Physiology, Shri B M Patil Medial College, Hospital & Researh Centre, 3 Vijayapura (Karnataka) India, Department of Biohemistry, Raihur Institute of Medial Sienes, Raihur (Karnataka) India Abstrat: Bakground: There are several oupations where individuals are exposed to high onentration of dust partiles. The exposed dust an be organi, inorgani, baterial toxins, viruses or lipopolysaharides. Exposure to rie husk auses ativation of eosinophils and in ammation reations. Cardiovasular diseases are assoiated with inreased lipid peroxidation and derease in levels of antioxidants. Aim & Objetives: Aim of the study was to evaluate the effet of oupational exposure on haematologial and biohemial parameters of rie mill workers by analyzing blood ell Counts, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitri Oxide (NO) and Asorbi aid. Material and Methods: A total of 134 eligible individuals who had been exposed to dust in rie mills for more than 5 years were inluded in the study group where as another 134 unexposed individuals onstituted ontrol group. Estimation of serum MDA, serum NO and plasma Asorbi aid were done by using semiautoanalyzer. Results: There was no signi ant differene between Total Leuoyte Count of exposed and unexposed individuals. Lymphoyte, monoyte, eosinophil and basophil ounts are signi antly inreased in exposed individuals. Serum levels of MDA, NO and Asorbi aid are also signi antly inreased in exposed group ompared with ontrol group. Conlusion: The ndings of our study learly indiate that the rie mill workers are under high level of dust exposure whih has deleterious effets on their blood and tissues. Inreased MDA, NO and dereased Vitamin-C are probably due to high oxidative stress. Keywords: Rie mill workers, White Blood Cell Counts, MDA, Nitri Oxide, Vitamin-C, Oxidative Stress Introdution: There are several oupations where individuals are exposed to high onentration of dust partiles. The exposed dust an be organi, inorgani, baterial toxins, viruses or lipopolysaharides. Exposure to rie husk auses ativation of eosinophils and in ammation reations as well as aggravation of asthma [1, 2]. Individuals who are exposed to ement dust were shown to have derease in hemoglobin onentration with rise in lymphoyte ount [3]. Martin-Ventura et al observed role of blood ells in hroni vasular disease. Pathologial vasular modeling of arterial wall is found to our in suh diseases [4]. Cardiovasular diseases are assoiated with inreased lipid peroxidation and derease in levels of antioxidants [5]. On longstanding oxidative stress, high levels of lipid peroxides ause to the oxidative DNA damage and individuals will be at a greater risk of developing Journal of Krishna Institute of Medial Sienes University 27

2 ardiovasular diseases. Serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitri Oxide (NO) and Vitamin C are onsidered as markers of oxidative stress. Due to oxidative stress, MDA levels will be inreased tremendously in ardiovasular diseases. NO related endothelial dysfuntion is seen in ardiovasular deseases. Asorbi aid, amost affetive water soluble antioxidant is onsidered as rst line of defense against oxidative damage [6-11]. Vitamin C inhibits initiation of lipid peroxidation and also redues lipid peroxidation ativated by leuoytes during in ammation [12, 13]. Hene, the present study was undertaken to determine the effet of dust indued oxidative stress by measuring leuoyte ount and oxidative stress markers suh as MDA, NO and Asorbi Aid. Material and Methods: The study group omprised of rie mill workers of urban area in and around Raihur distrit. Prior permission from owners of rie mills was sought. Consent was taken from volunteered rie mill workers. A total of 134 eligible individuals who had been exposed to dust in rie mills for more than 5 years were inluded in the study group where as another 134 unexposed individuals onstituted ontrol group. Information in regard of duration of exposure, general health, disease history, details of habits like smoking and alohol onsumption were olleted. For haematologial parameters, 2ml of intravenous blood was drawn and olleted in Ethylene Diamine Tetraaeti Aid (EDTA) tubes and proessed in Complete Blood Cell (CBC) ounter mahine. For biohemial parameters, 6ml of intravenous blood was olleted in plain tubes for estimation of serum MDA and serum NO. Two ml of blood was olleted in EDTA tube for estimation of plasma asorbi aid. Estimation of serum MDA [14], serum NO [15] and plasma asorbi aid [16] were done by using semiautoanalyzer. Sample size was alulated by taking proportion as prevalene with the help of 2 the formula- n= 4Pq/E, where, 'n' is sample size, 'P' is prevalene(75%), 'q' is non prevalene(25%) 2 2 and 'E ' is probable error(7.5 ). A statistial analysis was done by using unpaired t-test with the help of Graph Pad Prism software. The anthropometri parameters of subjets were expressed as mean ± Standard Deviation (SD). The haematologial and biohemial parameters were also expressed as mean ± SD with standard deviations. Results: Table 1: Anthropometri of Exposed and Unexposed Individuals Age (years) *** Height (ms) * There was no signi ant differene between mean values of exposed and unexposed individuals (Table 1) exept that the mean age of ontrol individuals was higher than those of exposed group. Mean duration of exposure of rie mill workers was 9.78±0.56 years. Journal of Krishna Institute of Medial Sienes University 28

3 Table 2: Hematologial of Study and Control Groups Control Exposed 3 TLC (ells 10 /umm) 7.77 ± ± Neutrophils (ells/umm) 4560 ± ± * Lymphoytes (ells/umm) 2464 ± ± * Eosinophils (ells/umm) ± ±419.46*** Basophils (ells/umm) ± ± *** Monoytes (ells/umm) ± ± *** Neutrophil ount (P<0.05) of Rie mill workers was signi antly lower than the ontrol, where as lymphoyte (P<0.05), eosinophil (P<0.001), monoyte (P<0.001), basophil (P<0.001) ounts were signi antly higher in Rie mill workers as ompared to ontrol (Table 2). Table 3: Biohemial of Study and Control groups Serum MDA (µmol/l) Serum NO (µmol/l) Plasma Vitamin C (mg/l) Control Exposed 5.64 ± ± 1.89*** ± ± 16.81*** 1.17 ± ± 0.32*** Serum levels of MDA (P<0.001) and NO (P<0.001) of exposed individuals were signi antly higher than those of ontrol. Asorbi aid (P<0.001) levels of exposed were signi antly lower than those of ontrol. Disussion: Present work was arried out to show the effet of oupational exposure of dust from rie mills on leuoyte ount and oxidative stress. We found signi ant inrease in absolute ounts of lymphoyte (P<0.05), eosinophil (P<0.001), monoyte (P<0.001) and basophil ount (P<0.001). Eosinophil and basophil ounts of exposed individuals were signi antly inreased. It indiates allergi response. Lymphoyte and monoyte ounts were also signi antly inreased. It indiates inreased in ammatory reation. These abnormal variations of eosinophil, basophil, monoyte and lymphoyte ounts an lead to hroni in ammation and oxidative stress. Journal of Krishna Institute of Medial Sienes University 29

4 In the present study there was an inrease in differential leuoyte ount; total leuoyte ount did not show any signi ant variation. This data shows that there is dust exposure related immune response too. Tripathi et al [17] have shown that there was a signi ant abnormal variation in haematologial paramaters of Rie mill workers of Luknow distrit. Lim et al [1] have shown in their study, a signi ant inrease in Eosinophil ount of Rie mill workers, whih indiated allergi reations and in ammation. Kayab et al [2], Weller et al [18] have found the exposure to rie husk dust aused inrease in eosinophil ount as well as eosinophil-lymphoyte interation in immune response. Study arried out by Olusegum et al [19] on ement fatory workers also showed signi- ant variations in Mean Corpusular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpusular Haemoglobin Conentration (MCHC), Mean Corpusular Haemoglobin (MCH), lymphoyte and eosinophil ounts. In our study, we observed signi ant inrease in Serum levels of MDA (P<0.001) and NO (P<0.001) of exposed group. There was a signi ant derease in Asorbi aid (P<0.001) level. These observations indiated inrease in level of oxidants and derease in levels of antioxidant vitamin-asorbi aid. Several other researhers arried out studies on oxidative stress in ement fatory workers, on painters, thermal plant workers, otton mill workers and also on exerise. They observed inrease in serum levels of MDA [20-23, 26], inrease in serum level of NO [23-25] and also derease in plasma Asorbi aid level [20, 24, 26] in the study groups. Conlusion: The rie mill workers are exposed to high onentration of partiulate matter. There is a signi ant inrease in ounts of eosinophils, monoytes, basophils and lymphoytes. There is no signi ant differene in neutrophils and total leuoyte ounts. This data indiates the Rie mill workers have inreased oxidative stress. There is a signi ant inrease in serum levels of MDA, NO and signi ant derease in plasma onentration of asorbi aid. MDA and NO are oxidants and Asorbi aid is an antioxidant. To ombat the inreased oxidation, antioxidant asorbi aid is utilized. When oxidant ativity overwhelms the ativity of antioxidants, antioxidant level will automatially be redued. Reommendations: The rie mill workers should be eduated regarding health hazards of dust exposure. They should be provided with masks and gloves whih an redue the onsequenes of dust exposure. The rie mill workers must undergo routine health hek up. Aknowledgement: I am very muh thankful to employers and volunteers of rie mill workers for their assistane in arrying out my researh work. I aknowledge my sinere thanks to non teahing staff of Department of Biohemistry and Department of Pathology, Government Medial College, Raihur for their tehnial assistane. Journal of Krishna Institute of Medial Sienes University 30

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