Cell Theory. Eukaryote Cells. Prokaryote Cells 8/18/16

Transcription

1 Cell Theory 1) All living things are made up of cells 2) All cells come from pre-existing cells 3) The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms 4) Energy Dlow occurs within cells 5) Cells contain hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division 6) All cells are basically the same in chemical composition 4 Main structures Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes DNA Prokaryote Cells 4 other Cell Wall Flagella Pili Eukaryote Cells Larger than prokaryotes Have a nucleus (membrane enclosed structure that contains the DNA) Membrane bound organelles Can be unicellular or mulicellular 1

2 Chromatin- DNA strands with proteins Nucleous- center where ribosomes are assembled Nucleus (E) Plasma Membrane (P[rokaryote]&E[ukaryote]) Made up of a phospholipid bilayer with a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head Transmembrane Proteins (T) go through the bilayer Surface Proteins (S) only on one side of the membrane 2

3 Receptor Proteins (S or T) bind to chemicals outside cell to regulate inside the cell Recognition Proteins (S or T) Part of the membrane Dingerprint, used for binding to other cells, recognizes invaders vs. self Transport Proteins (T) Help polar molecules pass through the membrane Either used in passive or active transport Enzymatic Proteins (S or T) Enzymes that have reactions either inside or outside of the cell 3

4 Carbohydrate chains Also part of membrane Dingerprint for recognition Cholesterol helps maintain the Dluidity and Dlexibility of the membrane Osmosis & Diffusion Molecules move from ordered state to disordered state until evenly distributed Diffusion Diffusion; movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from area of higher concentration to lower concentration Deals with molecules, not water 4

5 Passive Transport small molecules Active Transport small molecules Uses ATP Exocytosis large materials out of cell Endocytosis large materials into cell Pinocytosis lots of small materials 5

6 Endocytosis large materials into cell Phagocytosis very large materials Osmosis Semi-permeable membranes allow water to move through, but keeps some molecules out Osmosis- movement of water across a semipermeable membrane Osmosis Cytoplasm (P&E) & Cytoskeleton (E) Water gets into and out of cells through membranes depending on the environment Hypertonic Solution Hypotonic Solution Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton Proteins Microtubules Intermediate Filaments MicroDilaments Isotonic Solution 6

7 Mitochondria (E) Energy powerhouse. Where ATP is created Acid Dilled vesicles that dispose of waste products from inside the cell Lysosomes (E) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (E) Folds and packages proteins for shipment Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (E) Synthesizes lipids and carbs 7

8 Golgi Apparatus (E) Processes and packages lipid and proteins Cell Wall (Plants) Provides strength and support to plant cells. Outside cell membrane Central Vacuole (Plants) Chloroplasts (Plants) Central Vacuoles Nutrient storage, waste management, sexual reproduction (pigments for Dlowers), predator deterrence (toxins), physical support In Plant Cells Site where photosynthesis occurs 8