Determination of total caustic, total soda and alumina in Bayer process liquors with 859 Titrotherm
|
|
- Gyles Banks
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Page 1/6 Determination of total caustic, total soda and alumina in Bayer process liquors with 859 Titrotherm Of interest to: Alumina refineries, manufacturers of sodium and potassium aluminate solutions Summary The determination of the total caustic, total soda and alumina contents in aluminate ( Bayer ) process liquors can be accomplished with high precision and speed using 859 Titrotherm in a thermometric acid-base titration. A complete titration can be accomplished in approximately 5 minutes. The procedure is an automated adaptation of the traditional Watts-Utley method 1, and is similar to the VanDalen-Ward thermometric titration method 2, but with the added advantage of being able to analyze the carbonate content of the liquor. Introduction In a titration, the titrant reacts with the analyte in the sample either exothermically (gives out heat) or endothermically (takes in heat). The Thermoprobe measures the temperature of the titrating solution. When all of the analyte in the sample has reacted with the titrant, the temperature of the solution will change, and the endpoint of the titration is revealed by an inflection in the temperature curve. The amount of analyte determined is not related to the change in temperature of the solution. Therefore, it is not necessary to use insulated titration vessels. Theory Thermometric titrations are conducted under conditions of constant titrant addition rate. In this respect they differ from potentiometric titrations, where the titrant addition rate may be varied during the titration according to the electrode response. In thermometric titrations, a constant addition rate of titrant equates to a constant amount of heat being given out or consumed, and hence a more or less constant temperature change up to the endpoint. Method outline present in the liquor are titrated with standard hydrochloric acid. H + + OH - H 2 O The titration is permitted to continue so that carbonate ions present in the liquor are also titrated CO H HCO 3 The titration is then automatically stopped, and potassium fluoride solution added to break the alumino-tartrate complex and release 3 mol hydroxyl ion per mol aluminium present. 2 2 Al (OH) 3(C4H4O6 ) n + 6F 3OH + n(c 4H4O6 ) + AlF 3 6 These liberated hydroxyl ions are then titrated with the standard hydrochloric acid, and determined as the alumina content of the liquor. Nomenclatures and definitions A number of nomenclatures are in use throughout the world to express the hydroxyl, carbonate and aluminate contents of Bayer Process liquors, as well as critical ratios for monitoring aluminate supersaturation and carbonate levels. Total caustic, C : the total hydroxyl ion content of the liquor comprising free hydroxyl plus one mol hydroxyl ion per mol aluminate ion. Expressed as Na 2 CO 3 g/l, Na 2 O g/l or NaOH g/l. Total soda, S : the total caustic content plus the carbonate content, expressed as Na 2CO 3 g/l, Na 2O g/l or NaOH g/l. Carbonate : Total soda minus total caustic. It may be expressed as Na 2CO 3 g/l, Na 2O g/l or NaOH g/l. Alumina, A : The aluminate content of the liquor, expressed as Al 2 O 3 g/l. An aliquot of Bayer liquor is dispensed into a titration vessel. Potassium sodium tartrate solution is added to complex aluminate ion, and release one mol OH - per mol aluminate ion present. Al(OH) n(c 4H4O6 ) Al(OH) 3(C4H4O6 ) n + OH These hydroxyl ions, together with hydroxyl ions already
2 Page 2/6 Apparatus and accessories 1 x Titrotherm (1 Dosino and 1 x 10 ml Dosing unit included) 3 x Dosino 2 x Dosing unit 10 ml 1 x Dosing unit 50 ml 1 x way stopper with antidiffusion tip 1 x x SGJ stoppers 1 x Reagent organizer 1 x Stacking frame Reagents Solvent: Standard: Titrant: Complexant 1: Complexant 2: deionized water TRIS [Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 99.9%] c(hcl) = 1.5 mol/l 614 g/l potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate 620 g/l potassium fluoride Sample Bayer Process spent liquor submitted by a customer. The sample was well characterized using Metrohm potentiometric titration equipment and tiamo TM 2.1. Calculations Titer HCl titrant Weigh five amounts of TRIS ranging from approximately 0.35 to 1.1 g directly into titration vessels. Add 30 ml, deionized water to each, and titrate according to the HCl standardization method. The method allows sufficient time for the dissolution of the TRIS before commencing the titration. The method automatically performs a regression analysis, computing the slope of the line of best fit, and from that, the molarity of the titrant. Effectively, the program plots ml of titrant consumed against g of standard. Calculation of titer in tiamo TM RS01 EP TET.EP(1).VOL RS02 Slope RS.EP.SLO RS03 Intercept RS.EP.ITC RS04 Correlation (R 2 ) RS. EP.COR* RS.EP.COR RS05 Molarity [mol/l] of titrant 1/ RS.EP.SLO *1000/ RS06 Titer of titrant RS.molarity / TET.CONC RS07 Filter factor MV.filter factor Method blank The method blank is determined by titrating different amounts of sample and plotting sample amount against the titrant consumption. The method blank is determined as the y-intercept from a linear regression of the titration data. Changes in titrant dose rate or filter factor will require a new determination of the method blank. This parameter is stored along with the other method parameters. For all determinations, the blank volume is subtracted from the volume of titrant. In the case of the analysis of Bayer Process liquors, three blanks are determined for total caustic, total soda and alumina respectively. Calculation of method blanks in tiamo TM Legend: EP C = endpoint #1, vol. for total caustic EP S = endpoint #2, vol. for total soda EP A = endpoint vol. for alumina titration plus excess HCl titrated after EP C before first titration stopped. Calculation of method blanks in tiamo TM RS08 EP C 'C and S Titration.EP{1}.VOL' RS09 EP C Slope 'RS.EP C.SLO' RS10 EP C Intercept (C Blank) 'RS.EP C.ITC' RS11 EP C Correlation 'RS.EP C.COR' * 'RS.EP C.COR' RS12 EP A 'Al titration.ep{1}.vol'+ ( 'C and S Titration.EVT' -'C and S Titration.EP{1}.VOL') RS13 EP A Slope 'RS.EP A.SLO' RS14 EP A Intercept (A Blank) 'RS.EP A.ITC' RS15 EP A Correlation 'RS.EP A.COR' * 'RS.EP A.COR' RS16 EP S 'C and S Titration.EP{2}.VOL' RS17 EP S Slope 'RS.EP S.SLO' RS18 EP S Intercept (S Blank) 'RS.EP S.ITC' RS19 EP S Correlation 'RS.EP S.COR' * 'RS.EP S.COR' RS07 Filter factor 'MV.filter factor' Legend formula: TET.EP(1).VOL = Thermometric titration end point volume RS.EP.SLO = Slope of linear regression RS.EP.ITC = Intercept for linear regression RS. EP.COR* RS.EP.COR = Correlation coefficient (R 2 ) 1000 = factor for conversion mg MW TRIS = g/mol TET.CONC = Concentration of titrant (1.5 mol/l) MV.filter factor = Titration parameter (smoothing factor) EP C = first end point for total caustic EP S = second end point for total soda EP A = endpoint vol. for alumina titration plus excess HCl titrated after EP C before first titration stopped.
3 Page 3/6 Calculation of total caustic, total soda and alumina in tiamo TM RS20 C g/l (( 'C and S Titration.EP{1}.VOL' - 'CV.C Blank' )* 'C and S Titration.CONC' * * 'C and S Titration.TITER' )/ RS21 S g/l (( 'C and S Titration.EP{2}.VOL' - 'CV.S Blank' )* 'C and S Titration.CONC' * * 'C and S Titration.TITER' )/ RS22 A g/l ((( 'Al titration.ep{1}.vol' - 'CV.A Blank' )+( 'C and S Titration.EVT' - 'C and S Titration.EP{1}.VOL' ))* 'Al titration.conc' * * 'Al titration.titer' )/ ( 'MV.Sample size' *6) RS23 Na 2O/Al 2O 3 molar ratio ('RS.C g/l' * )/ ( 'RS.A g/l' * ) RS24 Na 2O carbonate 'RS.S g/l' - 'RS.C g/l' RS07 Filter factor 'MV.filter factor' Calculation of liquor components in tiamo TM C g/l Total Caustic content, either as Na 2 CO 3 (MW = ) or Na 2O (MW = ) S g/l Total Soda content, units as for C g/l Carb. Carbonate content of liquor, calculated as (S g/l C g/l) A g/l Alumina content, as Al 2 O 3 (MW = ) A/C Liquor supersaturation ratio (US style) C/S Liquor carbonation ratio (US style) MR Liquor supersaturation molar ratio [C]/[A] Item C g/l S g/l A g/l (US, EU) A/C C/S C g/l S g/l Carb g/l MR Calculation formula (( 'C and S Titration.EP{1}.VOL' - 'CV.C Blank' )* 'C and S Titration.CONC' * *'C and S Titration.TITER' )/ ('MV.Sample size' *2) (( 'C and S Titration.EP{2}.VOL' - 'CV.S Blank' )* 'C and S Titration.CONC' * * 'C and S Titration.TITER' )/ ((( 'Al titration.ep{1}.vol' - 'CV.A Blank' )+( 'C and S Titration.EVT' - 'C and S Titration.EP{1}.VOL' ))* 'Al titration.conc' * * 'Al titration.titer' )/ ( 'MV.Sample size' *6) = RS.A g/l / RS.C g/l = RS.C g/l / RS.S g/l (( 'C and S Titration.EP{1}.VOL' - 'CV.C Blank' )* 'C and S Titration.CONC' * * 'C and S Titration.TITER' )/ (( 'C and S Titration.EP{2}.VOL' - 'CV.S Blank' )* 'C and S Titration.CONC' * * 'C and S Titration.TITER' )/ = RS.S g/l RS.C g/l = ( RS.C g/l * )/( RS.A g/l * ) Methods Procedure for determination of HCl titrant molarity: Weigh accurately amounts of TRIS approximating 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1 g into clean, dry titration vessels. Add 30 ml deionized water, and titrate each with the method TET_titer_1-5mol_L_HCl determination. Procedure for determination of method blank: Prepare a diluted solution of a suitable spent liquor by pipetting 25 ml into a 500 ml volumetric flask, and making to volume with deionized water. Allow pipette to drain for 10 minutes due to the viscosity of process liquors. Pipette successive aliquots of 30, 25, 20 and 15 ml of this diluted solution into titration vessels, making to approximately 30 ml with deionized water. These aliquots are equivalent to 1.5, 1.25, 1.0 and 0.75 ml of undiluted liquor. Prepare each aliquot only a few minutes prior to titration, due to risk of absorption of atmospheric CO 2. Titrate with the method TET_blank_Bayer_liquor determination. Procedure for determination of C, S and A in liquors: For spent liquors, prepare an aliquot which contains an equivalent of 1.5 ml of undiluted liquor. This may be prepared by serial dilution or using an automatic pipette. Aliquots for pregnant liquors may range between 1 to 1.5 ml, depending on the alumina concentration of the liquor. Larger aliquots may be used for weaker liquors to the extent that very weak liquors may be used at full strength without any intermediate dilution. Liquors down to ~2 g/l C may be analyzed using a suitably large aliquot (up to 50 ml). Normally, the initial titration solution should approximate ml, making to this volume with deionized water. Titrate with the method TET_sample_Bayer_liquor_EU for example. Titrate with the method Bayer liquor EU for results according to European style nomenclature, Bayer liquor US for American style nomenclature, or Bayer liquor CN for Chinese style nomenclature.
4 Page 4/6 Determination Sequences Titration Parameters Titer determination Determination of method blanks Bayer liquor Titration Parameters for Bayer liquor sample preparation - see procedure see procedure Titer determination Blank/sample C and S Blank/sample A TRIS, [g] deionized water, Add 614 g/l KNa tartrate, Wait [s] Titration with 1.5 mol/l HCl yes yes yes Stirring rate Start volume Pause [s] Switch off autom. Dosing rate [ml/min] yes yes yes Filter factor Add 620 g/l KF, Damping until Wait, [s] Titration with 1.5 mol/l HCl - yes yes Stop volume Stop slope < 0.15 < < Add. volume after stop Evaluation start End points [Reaction type] [ERC] EP1 [ERC] EP2 [ERC] for Al ex* ex* ex* * exothermic
5 Page 5/6 Results Results titer determination Titer 1.5 mol/l HCl Thermometric Titration Plots Total Caustic and Total Soda titration slope Intercept Correlation (R 2 ) molarity [mol/l] Filter factor 35 titer Results blank determination Bayer liquor 2 EP1 C EP2 S EP A slope Intercept Correlation (R 2 ) Filter factor Results of Bayer spent liquor Alumina titration Customer results 859 Titrotherm, tiamo TM Mean Accepted range of values Mean, standard deviation and % rsd (10 determinations) C g/l (as Na 2 O) ±0.12, %rsd = 0.06 S g/l (as Na 2O) ±0.21 %rsd = 0.10 Carb. (as Na 2 O) A g/l (as Al 2O 3) ±0.16*, %rsd = 0.16 Molar ratio [C]/[A] C g/l (as Na 2CO 3) ±0.21 %rsd =0.06 S g/l (as Na 2 CO 3 ) ±0.36 %rsd = A/C C/S * Note: the alumina content of the liquor was checked by a completely independent determination based on thermometric titration of an acidified and buffered aliquot of liquor titrated with standard potassium fluoride solution. The titrant was calibrated against a primary standard solution prepared from 99.99% pure Al metal. The result of this analysis was A = 98.4±0.06 g/l Al 2O 3 (n = 5). Legend: 1 = solution temperature curve 2 = second derivative curve ( Endpoint Recognition Criterion ERC- curve for endpoints) References: 1 H. L. Watts and D. W. Utley, Anal. Chem. 28, 1731 (1956) 2 E. VanDalen and L. G. Ward, Anal. Chem. 45, 2248 (1973)
Determination of sodium in margarine manufacture
Titration Application Note H 124 Determination of sodium in margarine manufacture This Application Note describes the determination of the total sodium content of precursor solutions used in margarine
More informationDetermination of the total acid number in petroleum products
Branch General analytical chemistry; petrochemistry Keywords Titration; nonaqueous titration; potentiometric titration; Solvotrode easyclean, Optrode; Thermoprobe; photometric titration; thermometric titration;
More informationDetermination of the total acid number in petroleum products
Branch General analytical chemistry; petrochemistry Keywords Titration; nonaqueous titration; potentiometric titration; Solvotrode easyclean, Optrode; Thermoprobe; photometric titration; thermometric titration;
More informationThermo. Titr. Application Note No.
Thermo. Titr. Application Note No. Title: H-109 Determination of Components of Mixtures of Sulfuric Acid, Hydrofluoric Acid, and Ammonium Bifluoride Scope: Determination of mixtures of sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric
More informationDetermination of Langelier Index in Water
Determination of Langelier Index in Water Based on Hach method 8073 ISO 10523: 2008 ISO 6059: 1984 ISO 9963: 1994 DOC316.52.93108 Total Alkalinity and Ca Hardness: 10-1000 mg/l CaCO3 1. Introduction Langelier
More informationDetermination of the acid value (AV) Application Bulletin 200/3 e. Electrodes Solvotrode easyclean
Determination of the acid value, hydroxyl value, and Branch General analytical chemistry; organic chemistry, chemistry; plastics, photographic industry Keywords Titration; potentiometric titration; automation;
More informationPotentiometric determination. Application Bulletin 125/3 e. Branch General analytical laboratories; water analysis; beverages
Simultaneous determination of calcium, magnesium, and photometric indication in water and beverage samples Branch General analytical laboratories; water analysis; beverages Keywords Titration; potentiometric
More informationExperiment 3. Potentiometric Titration Using a ph Electrode. information necessary for both purposes by monitoring the ph of the solution as the
Experiment 3 Potentiometric Titration Using a Electrode Introduction Titrations are most commonly performed either to find out how much analyte is present or to measure equilibrium constants of the analyte.
More informationWhite Paper. Thermometric Titration of Acid Number According to ASTM D8045
Thermometric Titration of Acid Number According to ASTM D8045 Acid number (AN) determination, a common analysis in the oil industry, is used to monitor oil degradation and acidity. It helps prevent machine
More informationApplication Bulletin
Application Bulletin Of interest to: General analytical laboratories; Water analysis A 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 Beverages Simultaneous determination of calcium and magnesium in water samples and beverages and the
More informationTitrimetric Determination of Hypo Index, Thiosulfate, and Sulfite in EASTMAN Color Films, Process ECN-2 Fixer
Titrimetric Determination of Hypo Index, Thiosulfate, and Sulfite in EASTMAN Color Films, Process ECN-2 Fixer ECN-0002/1 Process ECN-2 ECP-2D VNF-1/LC RVNP Formulas F-34a/F-34aR INTRODUCTION This method
More informationThiols (mercaptans) in Fuels (ASTM D )
Thiols (mercaptans) in Fuels (ASTM D3227-13) DOC316.52.93109 Potentiometric titration Applications: gasolines, kerosenes, aviation turbine fuels, distillate fuels 1. Introduction This test method covers
More informationChemistry 201 Laboratory Fall 2006 page 1 of 4
Chemistry 201 Laboratory Fall 2006 page 1 of 4 Experiment: Determination of Iron in a Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate Sample (Fe) This experiment involves the determination of the percentage of ferrous iron in
More informationEXPERIMENT 2: ACID/BASE TITRATION. Each person will do this laboratory individually. Individual written reports are required.
EXPERIMENT 2: ACID/BASE TITRATION Each person will do this laboratory individually. Individual written reports are required. OVERVIEW. Acid/base titration, relying on a color change of the indicator, is
More informationLab #3 Potentiometric Titration of Soda Ash (after Christian, p , p ) (phenolphthalein)
Lab #3 Potentiometric Titration of Soda Ash (after Christian, p.692-694, p.718-720) I: INTRODUCTION In this lab, an unknown sample of soda ash (a crude mixture of sodium carbonate) will be titrated with
More informationChemistry 212. Experiment 3 ANALYSIS OF A SOLID MIXTURE LEARNING OBJECTIVES. - learn to analyze a solid unknown with volumetric techniques.
Experiment 3 The objectives of this experiment are to LEARNING OBJECTIVES - learn to analyze a solid unknown with volumetric techniques. - use stoichiometry to determine the percentage of KHP in a solid
More informationTRATION: ANALYSIS OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Experiment 8 Name: 22 Ti TRATION: ANALYSIS OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE In this experiment, you will learn the concept and technique of titration. You will use a chemical standard (potassium hydrogen phthalate)
More informationStrength of Vinegar by Acid-Base Titration
Strength of Vinegar by Acid-Base Titration Test Exercise 100 points 1? QUESTIONS? How are acid/base titrations conducted? What is standardization? How do you standardize a solution of a base? How, and
More informationGB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.85-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Buy True-PDF Auto-delivery. Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB 5009.85-2016
More informationTRATION: ANALYSIS OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Experiment 10 Name: 22 Ti TRATION: ANALYSIS OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE In this experiment, you will learn the concept and technique of titration. You will use a standard (potassium hydrogen phthalate) to determine
More informationDetermination of Total Hardness in Water by Automatic Titration
TECHNICAL NOTE Determination of Total Hardness in Water by Automatic Titration No. 7 Introduction Total hardness due to calcium and magnesium in water is determined using the preprogrammed method, T7 Total
More informationApplication Note #67 Total Acid Number (TAN)
Application Note #67 Total Acid Number (TAN) Updated December 2016 Introduction: Acid Number or Total Acid Number (TAN) is used to test the quantity of acidic components in an oil sample. This test determines
More informationExperiment: Iodometric Titration Analysis of Ascorbic Acid Chem251 modified 09/2018
Experiment: Iodometric Titration Analysis of Ascorbic Acid Chem251 modified 09/2018 Experiment. Iodometric Titration of Ascorbic Acid. Objective: The goal of this lab is to determine the concentration
More informationDetermination of acid number in diesel engine oil
Determination of acid number in diesel engine oil Sheet : GT200-PE022E Petroleum 1/7 *This application sheet is provided as reference, and does not assure the measurement results. Please consider analysis
More informationOfficial Journal of the European Union REGULATIONS
8.10.2016 L 273/5 REGULATIONS COMMISSION IMPLEMTING REGULATION (EU) 2016/1784 of 30 September 2016 amending Regulation (EEC) No 2568/91 on the characteristics of olive oil and olive-residue oil and on
More informationApplication Note No. 107/2013 Nitrogen & protein determination in beer and malt KjelDigester K-449, KjelMaster K-375 with KjelSampler K-376:
Application Note No. 107/2013 Nitrogen & protein determination in beer and malt KjelDigester K-449, KjelMaster K-375 with KjelSampler K-376: Accelerated Nitrogen and Protein Determination in Beer and Malt
More informationebook Best practices using automated titrators Achieving speed and accuracy in your lab
ebook Best practices using automated titrators Achieving speed and accuracy in your lab Contents Top 10 Tips for Titrating 3 Titratable acidity in orange juice by automatic titration 5 Total alkalinity
More informationTotal Acid Number in petroleum products by automatic titration
APPLICATION NOTE Total Acid Number in petroleum products by automatic titration No. T3 Water Analysis Instruments, Thermo Fisher Scientific Key words TAN, ASTM D664, ISO 6619, oil, used oil, lubricant,
More information3 To gain experience monitoring a titration with a ph electrode and determining the equivalence point.
Titrations PURPOSE To determine the concentration of acetic acid in vinegar. GOALS 1 To perform an acid-base titration. 2 To gain experience titrating carefully to a visible endpoint. 3 To gain experience
More informationPtPt-electrode with temperature sensor, Intellical MTC695
Total Chlorine DOC316.52.93092 Based on 4500-Cl D in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater Amperometric Forward Titration 0.003 5.00 mg/l as Cl 2 1. Introduction This application
More informationApplication Note No. 201/2015 Nitrogen & protein determination in starch and gluten KjelDigester K-449, KjelMaster K-375 with KjelSampler K-376 and
Application Note No. 201/2015 Nitrogen & protein determination in starch and gluten KjelDigester K-449, KjelMaster K-375 with KjelSampler K-376 and DuMaster D-480 1 Introduction Gluten and starch are typical
More informationBiodiesel Fundamentals for High School Chemistry Classes. Laboratory 3: Determination of the Acid Number of Vegetable Oils by Titration
Laboratory 3: Determination of the Acid Number of Vegetable Oils by Titration Topics Covered ph vs. acid number Acidity and acid values in organic solutions Titration techniques How to obtain acid values
More informationDetermination of 6-Chloropicolinic Acid (6-CPA) in Crops by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection. EPL-BAS Method No.
Page 1 of 10 Determination of 6-Chloropicolinic Acid (6-CPA) in Crops by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection EPL-BAS Method No. 205G881B Method Summary: Residues of 6-CPA are
More informationApplication Note No. 112/2013 Nitrogen & urea determination in cosmetics KjelDigester K-449, KjelMaster K-375 with KjelSampler K-376: Nitrogen and
Application Note No. 112/2013 Nitrogen & urea determination in cosmetics KjelDigester K-449, KjelMaster K-375 with KjelSampler K-376: Nitrogen and Urea Determination in Cosmetics according to the Kjeldahl
More information888/890 Enter the Titrando world
888/890 Enter the Titrando world 2 888 Titrando potentiometric titrator 890 Titrando Karl Fischer titrator Touch Control with large color screen Titration software PC Control or tiamo TM for operation
More informationThis revision also necessitates a change in the table numbering in the test for Organic Impurities.
Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets Type of Posting Notice of Intent to Revise Posting Date 27 Jul 2018 Targeted Official Date To Be Determined, Revision Bulletin Expert Committee Chemical
More informationApplication Note No. 113/2013 Nitrogen & protein determination in dry pet food KjelDigester K-449, KjelMaster K-375 with KjelSampler K-376:
Application Note No. 113/2013 Nitrogen & protein determination in dry pet food KjelDigester K-449, KjelMaster K-375 with KjelSampler K-376: Accelerated Nitrogen and Protein Determination in dry Pet food
More informationChange to read: BRIEFING
BRIEFING Dibasic Calcium Phosphate Dihydrate, USP 29 page 359. The Japanese Pharmacopoeia is the coordinating pharmacopeia for the international harmonization of the compendial standards for the Dibasic
More informationExperiment 10 Acid-base Titrations: Part A Analysis of vinegar and Part B Analysis of a Carbonate/Bicarbonate mixture
Chemistry 112 Section 201 Dates of Experiment: March 8 and March 22 Noah McNally Acid-base Titrations: Part A Analysis of vinegar and Part B Analysis of a Carbonate/Bicarbonate mixture Unknown Number:
More informationApplication Note. Determination of the Acid Number (TAN) Tips and Tricks
Application Note Determination of the Acid Number (TAN) Tips and Tricks The determination of the acid number (AN) in petroleum oils is a nonaqueous potentiometric titration that often causes problems.
More informationMETTLER TOLEDO Titrators. 30 Selected Applications Application brochure 12
METTLER TOLEDO Titrators 30 Selected Applications Application brochure 12 Editorial Dear Reader You have in your hands the paper version of the METTLER methods for titrators of the DL50 series. We d like
More informationEXPERIMENT 3 ENZYMATIC QUANTITATION OF GLUCOSE
EXPERIMENT 3 ENZYMATIC QUANTITATION OF GLUCOSE This is a team experiment. Each team will prepare one set of reagents; each person will do an individual unknown and each team will submit a single report.
More informationApplication Bulletin
No. 119/2 e Application Bulletin Of interest to: General analytical laboratories, Water; Food A 1, 2, 7, 11 Potentiometric determination of trace bromide and iodide in chlorides Summary Bromide is removed
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2017, 9(9): Research Article
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2017, 9(9):70-80 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Development and Validation of Stability Indicating
More informationGB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB NATIONAL STANDARD
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.5-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB 5009.5-2016 National food safety standard
More informationMethod 7.6 Raw sugar: reducing sugars by the Luff Schoorl method
Section 7: Raw sugar p 1/5 Method 7.6 Raw sugar: reducing sugars by the Luff Schoorl method 1. Rationale The method is applicable to all raw sugars and is used to determine the amount of reducing sugars
More informationCORESTA RECOMMENDED METHOD N 8
CORESTA RECOMMENDED METHOD N 8 DETERMINATION OF WATER IN THE MAINSTREAM SMOKE OF CIGARETTES BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS (August 1991) 1. FIELD OF APPLICATION The method is applicable to the particulate
More informationEnzymatic Assay of PROTEASE (EC )
Enzymatic Assay of PROTEASE PRINCIPLE: Hemoglobin + H 2 O Protease > Amino Acids CONDITIONS: T = 37 C, ph = 2.8, A 660nm, Light path = 1 cm METHOD: Colorimetric REAGENTS: A. 50 mm Potassium Phthalate Buffer,
More informationDEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF COLORIMETRIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF RITONAVIR IN TABLETS
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 8(1), 2010, 711-715 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF COLORIMETRIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF RITONAVIR IN TABLETS R. PRIYADARSINI *, V. NIRAIMATHI, T. SARASWATHY, V. GOPI and R.
More informationApplication Note No. 110/2013 Nitrogen & protein determination in corn, flour and soy KjelDigester K-449, KjelMaster K-375 with KjelSampler K-376:
Application Note No. 110/2013 Nitrogen & protein determination in corn, flour and soy KjelDigester K-449, KjelMaster K-375 with KjelSampler K-376: Nitrogen and Protein Determination in Corn, Flour and
More informationIODINE AFFINITY. 3. Extraction Shells: Paper, 80 x 22 mm (Note 1)
IODIN.01-1 IODINE AFFINITY PRINCIPLE SCOPE Iodine complexes preferentially with the amylose (linear fraction) in corn starch. After defatting by solvent extraction, and drying, the sample is dispersed
More informationCOLE-PARMER LABORATORY SURFACTANT ION ELECTRODE INSTRUCTION MANUAL
COLE-PARMER LABORATORY SURFACTANT ION ELECTRODE INSTRUCTION MANUAL Cole-Parmer Instrument Company (800)323-4340 Fax:(847)247-2929 625 East Bunker Court, Vernon Hills, Illinois 60061 http://www.coleparmer.com
More informationBRIEFING Assay + + +
BRIEFING Sodium Starch Glycolate, NF 22 page 2933 and page 3202 of PF 22(6) [Nov. Dec. 1996]. The United States Pharmacopeia is the coordinating pharmacopeia for the international harmonization of the
More informationNon-aqueous Phase Titration for Total Acid Number of Crude Oil
RICE UNIVERSITY Manual 1 Non-aqueous Phase Titration for Total Acid Number of Crude Oil Yu Bian 08/10/2009 Name Comment Date 1 Contents 1. Non-aqueous Phase Titration... 3 1.1 Materials... 3 1.1.1 Solutions...
More informationMEDAK DIST. ANDHRA PRADESH STATE, INDIA. Research Article RECEIVED ON ACCEPTED ON
Page67 Available Online through IJPBS Volume 1 Issue 2 APRIL- JUNE 2011 SIMPLE QUANTITATIVE METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF VALSARTAN IN PUREFORM AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS BYUV SPECTROSCOPY
More informationExperiment 6: STANDARDIZATION OF A BASE; MASS PERCENT OF AN ACID
Experiment 6: STANDARDIZATION OF A BASE; MASS PERCENT OF AN ACID Introduction The reaction of an acid and a base to form a salt and water is known as neutralization. In this experiment; potassium acid
More informationEnzymatic Assay of ß-GLUCOSIDASE (EC )
PRINCIPLE: ß-D-Glucoside + H 2 O ß-Glucosidase > D-Glucose + an Alcohol CONDITIONS: T = 37 C, ph = 5.0, A 540nm, Light path = 1 cm METHOD: Colorimetric 1 REAGENTS: A. 100 mm Sodium Acetate Buffer, ph 5.0
More informationPt-electrode with temperature sensor, Intellical MTC695
Sulfite DOC316.52.93090 Based on 4500-SO3 2 B in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater Amperometric Back Titration 0.00 20.00 mg/l as SO3 2-1. Introduction The scope of this application
More informationMethod (6 to 1000 µg/l Chlorine as Cl 2 ) Digital Titrator
, ABT, DT, 10025 Amperometric Back Titration 1 Scope and Application: For drinking water and wastewater; USEPA accepted for reporting 1 Procedure is equivalent to Standard Method (18th ed.) 4500-Cl C for
More informationResidue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016.
Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016 Aspartame This monograph was also published in: Compendium of Food Additive
More informationFree Chlorine. Based on 4500-Cl D. in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater DOC
Free Chlorine DOC316.52.93093 Based on 4500-Cl D. in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater Amperometric Forward Titration 0.100 5.000 mg/l as Cl2 This application note covers the
More informationApplication Note No. 108/2013 Nitrogen & protein determination in beer and malt KjelDigester K-449, KjelMaster K-375 with KjelSampler K-376: Nitrogen
Application Note No. 108/2013 Nitrogen & protein determination in beer and malt KjelDigester K-449, KjelMaster K-375 with KjelSampler K-376: Nitrogen and Protein Determination in Beer and Malt according
More information2. is a set of principles intended to help sustain a habitable planet.
Chapter 2 Tools of the Trade 1 Multiple Choice 2-1 Safe, Ethical Handling of Chemicals and Waste 1. Which of the following statements are TRUE? I Organic solvents, concentrated acids, and concentrated
More informationEasyPlus Titration. Food & Beverage Analysis Made Easy Swiss Precision for Your Analysis
EasyPlus Titration Food & Beverage Analysis Made Easy Swiss Precision for Your Analysis Food & Beverage Titrators Titrators for Your Samples Full Package for Your F&B Analysis The food and beverage industries
More informationChemistry Iodometric Determination of Vitamin C
Chemistry 3200 Triiodide, I 3, is a mild oxidizing agent that is widely used in oxidation/reduction titrations. Triiodide is prepared by combining potassium iodide, KI, and potassium iodate, KI 3, in acidic
More informationDetermining the Molecular Mass of an Unknown Acid by Titration
Determining the Molecular Mass of an Unknown Acid by Titration Objectives: To perform an analytical titration. To standardize a basic solution. To determine the equivalent mass of an unknown acid. Background:
More information--> Buy True-PDF --> Auto-delivered in 0~10 minutes. GB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB1886.
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB1886.235-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Buy True-PDF Auto-delivery. Sales@ChineseStandard.net NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE GB PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA National Food
More informationAvailable Online through Research Article
ISSN: 0975-766X Available Online through Research Article www.ijptonline.com SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF FROVATRIPTAN SUCCINATE MONOHYDRATE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
More informationEnzymatic Assay of POLYGALACTURONASE (EC )
PRINCIPLE: Polygalacturonic Acid + H 2 O PG > Reducing Sugars Abbreviations: PG = Polygalacturonase CONDITIONS: T = 30 C, ph 5.0, A 540nm, Light path = 1 cm METHOD: Colorimetric REAGENTS: A. 50 mm Sodium
More informationStandardization of a Base, Mass Percent of an Acid
Experiment 7 Standardization of a Base, Mass Percent of an Acid Pre-Lab Assignment Before coming to lab: Read the lab thoroughly. Answer the pre-lab questions that appear at the end of this lab exercise.
More informationWater Determination in Ethanol by Karl Fischer Titration
Water Determination in Ethanol by Karl Fischer Titration Background Water content is an important parameter for a wide range of processes (e.g. chemical reactions) and products (e.g. food products). Its
More informationCORESTA Recommended Method No. 84
Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco E-Vapour Sub-Group CORESTA Recommended Method No. 84 DETERMINATION OF GLYCERIN, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, WATER, AND NICOTINE IN THE AEROSOL OF E-CIGARETTES
More informationMouse C-Peptide ELISA Kit
Mouse C-Peptide ELISA Kit Cat.No: DEIA4507 Lot. No. (See product label) Size 96T Intended Use The Mouse C-Peptide ELISA kit is for the quantitative determination of c-peptide in mouse serum, plasma, and
More informationThe Nitrofurantoin Capsules Revision Bulletin supersedes the currently official monograph.
Nitrofurantoin Capsules Type of Posting Revision Bulletin Posting Date 28 Dec 2018 Official Date 01 Jan 2019 Expert Committee Chemical Medicines Monographs 1 Reason for Revision Compliance In accordance
More information1 out of 8. Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 86th Meeting 2018 ERYTHROSINE
1 out of 8 Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 86th Meeting 2018 ERYTHROSINE This monograph was also published in: Compendium of Food
More informationDevelopment and validation of UV-visible spectrophotometric method for estimation of rifapentine in bulk and dosage form
Available online at www.derpharmachemica.com Scholars Research Library Der Pharma Chemica, 2013, 5(2):251-255 (http://derpharmachemica.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-413X CODEN (USA): PCHHAX Development and
More informationExperiment 7, Analysis of KHP by titration with NaOH Wright College, Department of Physical Science and Engineering
Name Date Experiment 7, Analysis of KHP by titration with NaOH Wright College, Department of Physical Science and Engineering In this experiment, you will determine the amount (percent) of potassium hydrogen
More informationNitrate and Nitrite Key Words: 1. Introduction 1.1. Nature, Mechanism of Action, and Biological Effects (Fig. 1)
7 Nitrate and Nitrite Key Words: Nitrate; nitrite; methemoglobin; blood pressure; asphyxia; spinach; spongy cadmium column; zinc metal; sodium nitrate; sodium nitrite; ammonia buffer solution; Jones reductor.
More informationResearch Article Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride in Bulk Drug and Dosage Form
Research Article Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride in Bulk Drug and Dosage Form Gowekar NM, Lawande YS*, Jadhav DP, Hase RS and Savita N. Gowekar Department
More informationSAC 17 Queen Mary University of London
East Anglia Region of the RSC Analytical Division National Schools Analyst Competition Regional Heat Queen Mary University of London, Friday 24 th February 2017 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences,
More informationHEMICELLULASE from ASPERGILLUS NIGER, var.
HEMICELLULASE from ASPERGILLUS NIGER, var. Prepared at the 55th JECFA (2000) and published in FNP 52 Add 8 (2000), superseding tentative specifications prepared at the 31st JECFA (1987) and published in
More informationFree and Total Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2. ) in wine (Ripper method) by automatic titration
APPLICATION NOTE Free and Total Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) in wine (Ripper method) by automatic titration No. T5 Water Analysis Instruments, Thermo Fisher Scientific Key words Sulfite, sulfurous acid, SO 2,
More informationHow would you prepare 455 grams of an aqueous solution that is 6.50% sodium sulfate by mass?
62 How would you prepare 455 grams of an aqueous solution that is 6.50% sodium sulfate by mass? Start a concentration calculation by writing the definition of the unit(s) you're using! We know everything
More informationB. 1% (w/v) Salicin Substrate Solution (Salicin) (Prepare 50 ml in Reagent A using Salicin, Sigma Prod. No. S-0625.)
SIGMA QUALITY CONTROL TEST PROCEDURE (Q]\PDWLFÃ$VVD\ÃRIÃ */8&26,'$6( PRINCIPLE: 'Glucoside + H 2 O Glucosidase > D-Glucose + an Alcohol CONDITIONS: T = 37 C, ph = 5.0, A 540nm, Light path = 1 cm METHOD:
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF NEW ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF OPIOID ANTAGONIST NALTREXONE HYDROCHLORIDE
114 P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141 International Journal of Universal Pharmacy and Bio Sciences 4(1): January-February 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL PHARMACY AND
More informationINTERNATIONAL ŒNOLOGICAL CODEX. DETERMINATION OF BETA-GLUCANASE (ß 1-3, ß 1-6) ACTIVITY IN ENZYME PREPARATIONS (Oeno 340/2010, Oeno )
DETERMINATION OF BETA-GLUCANASE (ß 1-3, ß 1-6) ACTIVITY IN ENZYME PREPARATIONS (Oeno 340/2010, Oeno 488-2013) General specifications These enzymatic activities are usually present within a complex enzymatic
More informationInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF STRONTIUM RANELATE IN SACHET
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences RESEARCH ARTICLE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF STRONTIUM RANELATE IN SACHET K.MYTHILI *, S.GAYATRI,
More information0 9 : >?! 0 (.56± E
*! "# $%! &,!! + ) *$ ( '# 0 -. 3 " # (& 208!1.2 0 -. / 1 1 7$%!$ ) 8 3 9: 3. - & 4 10 4 1.770! (-/< 0.30 >?!@ A # - -/< 30-3 ;! 8 ;. >? B$ 0.9999 B 0 -. 3 '#! 0.71 ± 99.3 - #! 0.7 ± 99.7 3 7$% standard
More informationHI Total Alkalinity Mini Titrator for Water Analysis
HI 84531 Total Alkalinity Mini Titrator for Water Analysis Piston Driven Pump with Dynamic Dosing The HI 84531 incorporates dynamic dosing to provide precison titrant delivery. Dynamic dosing adjusts the
More informationFor Examiner s Use Total EMPA mark Surname. Candidate. Number. Other Names
Centre Number Candidate Number For Examiner s Use Total EMPA mark Surname Other Names Notice to Candidate. The work you submit for assessment must be your own. If you copy from someone else or allow another
More informationSTANDARD OPERATING PROTOCOL (SOP)
1 STANDARD PERATING PRTCL (SP) Subject: Determination of Flavonol Glycosides in Ginkgo biloba Products by HPLC Analysis Project/Core No.: Core B Total 6 Pages SP No.: CB0104 Modified Date: 07/30/01 BTANICAL
More informationPharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry PHCM223 Lecture 12 Applications on different types of equilibria. Dr. Nesrine El Gohary 12 th lecture
Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry PHCM223 Lecture 12 Applications on different types of equilibria Dr. Nesrine El Gohary 12 th lecture Revision lecture next week Next Saturday (21-5-2016) in the 1 st
More informationDevelopment and Validation of a New Uv Method for the Analysis of Rebamipide
International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vol.3, No.3, pp1270-1274, July-Sept 2011 Development and Validation of a New Uv Method for the Analysis of Rebamipide Praveen
More informationCOLE-PARMER REPLACEABLE MEMBRANE SCIENTIFIC SURFACTANT ION ELECTRODES INSTRUCTION MANUAL
COLE-PARMER REPLACEABLE MEMBRANE SCIENTIFIC SURFACTANT ION ELECTRODES INSTRUCTION MANUAL GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Introduction The Cole-Parmer Surfactant Electrode indicates the potentiometric endpoint when
More informationDetermination of Chlorine Dioxide, Chlorite and Chlorine
Determination of Chlorine Dioxide, Chlorite and Chlorine DOC316.52.93097 Based on Standard Methods 4500-ClO 2 E for drinking water and wastewater This application note covers the following application:
More informationHI Total Alkalinity Mini Titrator for Water Analysis
HI 84531 Total Alkalinity Mini Titrator for Water Analysis Piston Driven Pump with Dynamic Dosing The HI 84531 incorporates dynamic dosing to provide precison titrant delivery. Dynamic dosing adjusts the
More informationEXPERIMENT 4 DETERMINATION OF REDUCING SUGARS, TOTAL REDUCING SUGARS, SUCROSE AND STARCH
Practical Manual Food Chemistry and Physiology EXPERIMENT 4 DETERMINATION OF REDUCING SUGARS, TOTAL REDUCING SUGARS, SUCROSE AND STARCH Structure 4.1 Introduction Objectives 4.2 Experiment 4a: Reducing
More informationJ Pharm Sci Bioscientific Res (4): ISSN NO
Development and Validation of Analytical Methods for Simultaneous Estimation of Pregabalin and Amitriptyline Hydrochloride in their Combined Marketed Dosage form ABSTRACT: Nikhilkumar Patel, Gurjit Kaur,
More informationA New Stability-Indicating and Validated RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Liraglutide in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
OPEN ACCESS Eurasian Journal of Analytical Chemistry ISSN: 1306-3057 2017 12(2):31-44 DOI 10.12973/ejac.2017.00152a A New Stability-Indicating and Validated RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Liraglutide
More informationHyderabad, India. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India.
International Journal On Engineering Technology and Sciences IJETS RP-HPLC Method development and validation for the Simultaneous Estimation of Metformin and Empagliflozine in Tablet Dosage Form Shaik
More information