Analysis of metabolomics data examples from the study of the lipid metabolism
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1 Analysis of metabolomics data examples from the study of the lipid metabolism Olav M. Kvalheim Dept. of Chemistry, University of Bergen Faculty of Health Studies, University College of Sogn and Fjordane
2 Content of this lecture Analytical methods Early work on cancer diagnostics Lipoproteins, fatty acids & cardiovascular health Aging and gender effects
3 Analytical methods Proton NMR HPLC Multivariate Data Analysis
4 Metabolomics diagnosis of cancer Proton NMR profiling of serum 2. Focused on lipoproteins, loss of weight => cancer disturbs lipid metabolism? 3. Whole digital peaks as input to PCA/SIMCA 4. Classification of clinical diagnosed cancer patients using model of healthy controls 4
5 Cancer project - serum proton spectrum (400 MHz) SlettenE., KvalheimO.M., Kruse S, FarstadM. and SøreideO. (1990), Detection of malignant tumours -Multivariate analysis of proton NMR spectra of serum. European J. of Cancer 26,
6 Cancer diagnosis from serum proton NMR Fluge Ø., Gilje K.S., Sletten E., Kvalheim O.M., Skarland E., HalvorsenJ.F., FarstadM. and SøreideO (1996) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of serum from patients with colorectal neoplasia, Eur. J. Surg. Onc., 22, => Not enoughinformationin theproton NMR spectral profiles to provide early diagnosis Butthen: Bro et al. (2015) Metabolomics: 80% correct diagnosis of breast cancer two years ahead of clinical diagnosis! 6
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8 HPLC 20 lipoprotein subclasses of TG & Cholesterol Normolipidemics Hypertriglyceridemic Okazaki et al. (2005) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 25:
9 24 lipoprotein features Main classes: CM, VLDL, LDL, HDL, TC, TG Subclasses: VLDL-VL, VLDL-L, VLDL-M, VLDL-S (IDL), LDL- L, LDL-M, LDL-S, LDL-VS, HDL-VL, HDL-L, HDL-M, HDL-S & HDL-VS Average particle size: VLDL-Size, LDL-Size& HDL-Size Apolipoproteins: ApoA1 & ApoB Lin et al. (2016) Metabolomics, 12:6 Rajalahti et al. (2016) Metabolomics, 12:51
10 Data analysis 1. PLS/PLS-DA using RDCV 2. Target projection(tp) to single latent variable related to the y-information. 3. Selectivityratio (SR) plots for interpretation. 4. DiscriminationVariable (DIVA) plot/rank sum classificationrate to findbiomarkers or patterns of biomarkers. Lin et al. (2016) Metabolomics, 12:6 Rajalahti et al. (2016) Metabolomics, 12:51 Rajalahti et al. (2016) Metabolomics, 12:81.
11 Lipoproteinand fattyacid patternsin healthyadults and implicationsfor cardiovascularhealth Lin et al. (2016) Metabolomics, 12:6.
12 Lipoprotein and fatty acid patterns - women
13 Lipoprotein and fatty acid patterns - women
14 Modelling - PLS-DA/TP/SR Wehave quantifiedtheconcentrationsofall the biologically important fatty acids in blood and connected these to the lipoproteins(the transporters) by mathematical modelling. This approachprovidesmodelsthatcanbe used to inferhowelements ofdiet (e.g. EPA, DHA) impactsthelipoproteinpatternand, furtheron, howtheyimpactonrisk ofcvds.
15 SR plot displaying gender differences in lipoproteins in healthy Norwegian adults Chol TG ApoA1 ApoB CM VLDL LDL HDL VLDL-VL VLDL-L VLDL-M VLDL-S LDL-L LDL-M LDL-S LDL-VS HDL-VL HDL-L HDL-M HDL-S HDL-VS VLDL-Size LDL-Size HDL-Size Selectivity Ratio (SR) Positive bars => larger in women Negative bars => largerin men
16 Discriminating variable (DIVA) plot showing Rank sum classification rate (RSCR) as a function of SR Rank sum Classification rate (RSCR) Selectivity Ratio (SR) Bonferronicorrectedp-valueis 7x10-11 for HDL-Sizewith SR=8.0 and RSCR=83%!
17 Lipoprotein and fatty acid patterns for children Small gender differences Boys have larger HDL concentration than girls Girls have larger VLDL and TG concentrations than boys Explanation: Boys are more physical active than girls
18 Changesin lipoproteinand fattyacid patternsfrom prepubertyto adulthood and during aging Rajalahti et al (2016), Metabolomics, 12:51.
19 Changes in lipoprotein pattern from prepuberty to adulthood Blue => men, red => women
20 Changes in fatty acid pattern from prepuberty to adulthood Blue => men, red => women
21 Changes in lipoprotein pattern with aging Blue => men, red => women
22 Changes in fatty acid pattern in women with aging
23 Ongoing work, prepubertal children Changesin lipoproteinsubclasspatternas a result of a physical activity intervention Effects of child obesity on lipoprotein pattern Cognition as a function of omega-3 fatty acid levels Genetic disorders: Hypercholesterolaemia N > 1000 measuredby proton NMR (lipoproteinand fatty acids) and GC (fattyacids) at twotime points, beforeand after intervention
24 Ongoing work, morbidly obese subjects Effects of bariatric surgery two kinds of surgery Intensive lifestyle intervention N <25-30, but measurements at several time points
25 Co-workers TarjaRajalahti(LP) ChenchenLin (FA) Svein Are Mjøs (FA) Geir Kåre Resaland(PA) EivindAadland (PA) John Roger Andersen (lifestyle/obesity) Villy Våge (bariatricsurgery)
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