Comparison of Leukocyte Classes Most Likely to Cause Vascular Dysfunction in Preeclampsia

Transcription

1 Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2006 Comparison of Leukocyte Classes Most Likely to Cause Vascular Dysfunction in Preeclampsia Kristen Anne Cadden Virginia Commonwealth University Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Physiology Commons The Author Downloaded from This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact

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5 Table of Contents Page.. Acknowledgements fl List of Tables... v List of Figures... vi... List of Abbreviations... ~111 List of Unit Measurements... ix Chapter 1 General Introduction A. Preeclampsia B. Maternal Vascular Cell Dysfunction... 1 i. Oxidative Stress , ii. Neutrophils iii. Lymphocytes & Monocytes/Macrophages C. Summary... 7 D. Purpose of Study... 7 E. Hypothesis , , F. Significance of Study Materials and Methods A. Study Subjects... 9

6 B. Collection of Fat C. Protocol for Formalin-fixed Tissue D. Data Analysis E. Statistical Analysis Results A. Subjects B. Immunohistochemical Staining General Discussion Literature Cited Vita

7 List of Tables Page Table 1 : Clinical Descriptive Statistics for Patient Groups

8 List of Figures Page Figure I : A visual hypothesis of leukocyte activation and infiltration causing endothelial and vascular cell dysfunction Figure 2: Percent vessel staining of resistance sized vessels for monocytes. lymphocytes and neutrophils in normal non-pregnant women Figure 3: Percent vessel staining of resistance sized vessels for monocytes. lymphocytes and neutrophils in normal pregnant women Figure 4: Percent vessel staining of resistance sized vessels for monocytes. lymphocytes and neutrophils in preeclarnptic women Figure 5: Number of leukocytes per vessel for normal non-pregnant patients Figure 6: Number of leukocytes per vessel for normal pregnant patients Figure 7: Number of leukocytes per vessel for preeclamptic patients Figure 8: Comparison of CD66b percent vessel staining for NNP. NP and PE Figure 9: CD66b positive control staining example Figure 10: Visual representation of CD66b staining for NNP, NP and PE patients Figure 1 1 : Comparison of CD99 percent vessel staining for NNP, NP, and PE Figure 12: CD99 positive control staining example Figure 13: Visual representation of CD99 staining from NNP, NP, and PE patients Figure 14: Comparison of CD14 staining per field of view among groups... 32

9 Figure 15: CD 14 positive control staining example Figure 16: Visual representation of CD 14 staining fi-om NNP. NP and PE patients Figure 17: Comparison of CD99 visual score for NNP. NP and PE Figure 18: Visual scoring examples Figure 19: Comparison of CD66b visual score for NNP, NP and PE Figure 20: Comparison of CD66b optical densities for NNP, NP and PE Figure 21 : Visual score and density measurement correlation for CD66b staining... 39

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12 Abstract COMPARISON OF LEUKOCYTE CLASSES MOST LIKELY TO CAUSE VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION IN PREECLAMPSIA By Kristen Anne Cadden, M.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2006 Major Director: Scott W. Walsh, Ph.D. Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Physiology Leukocytes are activated in women with preeclampsia, but the class of leukocyte most likely to cause vascular dysfunction is not known. We hypothesized that neutrophils may be the class of leukocyte most involved in causing this dysfunction because neutrophils are the most abundant of the leukocytes and their numbers increase during pregnancy. In this study we compared vascular infiltration of neutrophils (CD66b) with monocytes/macrophages (CD 14) and lymphocytes (CD99) in normal non-pregnant women (NNP), normal pregnant women (NP), and preeclamptic women (PE). There was no

13 xi significant difference in the infiltration of lymphocytes into the maternal vasculature in PE as compared to NNP or NP. There was significantly more neutrophil infiltration into the systemic vasculature in PE women than in NP and NNP women. Monocytes/macrophages were present in tissue but not in vessels. We speculate that neutrophils are the class of leukocyte that causes the majority of vascular cell dysfunction in preeclampsia.

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